In the Robotics Lab (H4)
Listen to Course
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EN: The causative verb 'have' is used to indicate that someone causes someone else to do something. When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to give someone the responsibility or instruction to do an action.
The manager had the team complete the report by Friday.
EN: Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves, etc.) can be used for emphasis, meaning 'without help' or 'personally'. In this sentence, 'ourselves' emphasizes that the students did the programming on their own.
EN: In modern STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, hands-on learning is highly emphasized. Teachers often act as facilitators, encouraging students to 'program... ourselves' to build problem-solving skills and confidence.
EN: The causative verb 'get' is used to express the idea of persuading, convincing, or tricking someone into doing something. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a full infinitive (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
EN: The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'got' is the past tense of 'get', indicating the action of persuading happened in the past.
They tested the new software yesterday.
EN: The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when something is done to an object by someone else. In this sentence, 'had the broken part replaced' means they arranged for a technician or someone else to replace the part.
I had my car repaired yesterday.
EN: The past participle 'broken' (from the verb 'break') is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'part' to describe its state of being damaged or fractured.
Please throw away that broken glass.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
EN: The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns starting with a consonant sound. Although '3D' starts with a number, it is pronounced as 'three-D' /θriː diː/, which begins with the consonant sound /θ/, thus requiring 'a' instead of 'an'.
She bought a 3D puzzle yesterday.
EN: The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or requires someone else to do something. In this structure (make + object + base verb), the bare infinitive (verb without 'to') is used as the object complement.
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
EN: The word 'twice' is an adverb of frequency meaning 'two times'. It is typically placed at the end of the clause to modify the verb phrase.
I checked the calculations twice to be absolutely sure.
EN: In technology and engineering education (such as robotics clubs or coding bootcamps), a 'mentor' plays a crucial role. Unlike a traditional classroom teacher, a mentor guides students through hands-on projects, encouraging independent problem-solving while maintaining high standards, such as double-checking code for errors.
EN: The causative verb 'have' can be used in the passive structure: 'have + object + past participle (V3)'. This pattern is used when you arrange for something to be done by someone else, or to describe an action that happens to an object, emphasizing the result rather than who performs the action.
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
The program was written by Emma.
EN: Verbs of perception (such as 'hear', 'see', 'watch', 'feel') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject perceived the entire action from start to finish.
I saw the bird fly away.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'with a roar' functions as an adverbial modifier of manner, describing how the engine started. 'With + noun' is a common pattern used to describe the manner or accompaniment of an action.
EN: The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when you experience something done to your property. Here, 'have this circuit fixed' means the speaker will get someone else to repair the circuit.
I need to have my car washed this afternoon.
EN: The imperative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). 'Let me have...' is a polite way to offer to do something or to ask for permission to do something first.
Let me check the schedule before we decide.
EN: The verb 'saw' (past tense of 'see') is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'into the air' uses 'into' to express movement or direction toward the inside of something or a change of position, showing where the drone went.
The balloon floated up into the sky.
EN: The causative verb 'get' is used to express causing or persuading someone or something to do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a full infinitive ('to' + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
I got my brother to help me with the homework.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without errors' functions as an adverbial modifier, indicating the manner in which the program ran. 'Without' is a preposition meaning 'not having' or 'free from', and is followed by a noun or gerund.
EN: The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of causing someone to do something. When followed by an agent (someone) and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to assign, instruct, or ask someone to perform an action.
The manager had the team submit the report by Friday.
EN: The bare infinitive (the base form of a verb without 'to') is used after causative verbs like 'have', 'make', and 'let' in active voice constructions.
She made him clean his room.
EN: In professional and academic settings, having an external expert review one's work is a standard quality assurance practice. Using the causative 'had' implies a professional arrangement or a structured process rather than a casual favor.
EN: Sensory verbs (verbs of perception) like 'feel', 'see', or 'hear' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to emphasize that the entire action was completed or witnessed from start to finish.
I heard the bell ring.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often implying a close connection or simultaneous development, similar to 'while' or 'when'.
She sang as she walked.
EN: The causative verb 'have' (used here in the past tense 'had') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') to express causing, arranging, or asking someone to do something.
The teacher had the students write a short essay in class.
EN: The word 'last' is used with time expressions (like 'last week', 'last year') to indicate a specific past time. When these expressions function as adverbials of time, they do not require a preposition (e.g., do not say 'in last week').
Last month we visited a high-tech factory in Taipei.
EN: The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of giving someone the responsibility to do something. The structure is 'have + person + base verb (bare infinitive)'. Unlike 'make', which implies force, 'have' usually implies a request, instruction, or delegation of a task.
The teacher had the students clean the classroom after school.
EN: An indirect question functions as a noun clause (object of the verb). It is introduced by a question word (like 'how', 'what', 'why') but follows the word order of a regular statement (subject + verb), rather than a question form.
I don't know how the machine works.
EN: The causative verb 'get' is used to indicate persuading, tricking, or successfully managing to make someone or something do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
I finally got the computer to work after restarting it.
EN: The preposition 'at' is used to express a specific rate, speed, or temperature (e.g., 'at 60 mph', 'at 100 degrees Celsius').
The car was traveling at a very high speed.
EN: The causative verb 'have' is used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something to an object, or that something is done to it. In this case, 'had the loose wires fixed' means they got someone to fix the wires.
We had the broken screen replaced at the shop.
EN: The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('before the demo started') to show that one event happened prior to another. Both clauses use the simple past tense ('had' and 'started') to describe completed actions in the past.
She saved the file before the computer crashed.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
I watched the plane land safely on the runway.
EN: The phrase 'step by step' is an adverbial phrase meaning gradually, progressively, or doing one stage at a time in a sequence.
She explained the installation process step by step.
EN: The causative verb 'make' (used here in the past tense 'made') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It expresses that someone is forced or strongly required to do something.
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
EN: The adverbial phrase 'one at a time' is used to describe doing things individually and sequentially, rather than all at once.
Please enter the room one at a time.
EN: Sensory Verbs (see, watch, hear, etc.) followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb root) indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We heard the engine start with a roar.
EN: The preposition 'without' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to describe an action that did not happen during the main activity.
She got the program to run without making any errors.
EN: Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch) followed by a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We heard the music play in the distance.
EN: The subordinating conjunction 'as' is used to introduce a clause describing an action that happens at the exact same time as another action (simultaneous events).
She smiled as she opened the gift.
EN: The causative verb 'have' followed by an object and a past participle (have + object + V-ed) is used to describe causing something to be done by someone else, or experiencing something done to an object. Here, 'had the data checked' means she arranged for the data to be verified by someone or a system.
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
EN: The conjunction phrase 'to make sure' is used to express purpose, meaning 'in order to ensure' or 'to confirm'. It is typically followed by a noun clause (that-clause) where 'that' can be omitted.
Please double-check the code to make sure it runs without errors.
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase ('Letting us try ourselves') acts as the singular subject of the sentence. The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object ('us') and a bare infinitive ('try').
Giving them a second chance made a huge difference.
EN: Causative Verb 'Make' + Object + Bare Infinitive: The verb 'made' (past tense of make) is used to express causation, followed by the object 'the lesson' and the bare infinitive 'stick' (meaning to remain or be remembered).
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
EN: The idiom 'make something stick' means to make a concept, rule, or lesson permanently remembered or accepted. In educational contexts, it refers to active learning where hands-on experience ensures the knowledge is retained long-term.
EN: The verb 'feel' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') to emphasize the entire action from start to finish, or a present participle (-ing) to emphasize an action in progress. In this sentence, 'race' is a bare infinitive showing the sudden onset of the feeling.
I felt the ground shake during the earthquake.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'at the same time that' or 'while'. It connects two events that happen simultaneously, often implying a cause-and-effect relationship or a vivid description of a moment.
She smiled as she opened the present.
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase (a verb ending in -ing acting as a noun phrase) can function as the subject of a sentence. Here, 'Having an expert guide us' is the subject of the main verb 'made'.
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
EN: Causative Verb 'Have' and 'Make': 'Have' can be used as a causative verb followed by an object and a bare infinitive (base form of the verb) to mean causing someone to do something (e.g., 'have an expert guide us'). 'Make' is also a causative verb followed by an object and an adjective to describe causing a state change (e.g., 'made everything clearer').
She had her assistant schedule the meeting, which made the process smoother.
EN: The causative structure 'get + object + present participle (V-ing)' is used to describe causing something to start functioning or performing an action. It emphasizes the process of making something start.
She got the engine running after a few minutes.
EN: The name of the person being addressed (vocative case) is placed at the end of the sentence, preceded by a comma. This is common in spoken English to direct the question to a specific person.
Are you ready to go, John?
EN: The causative verb 'have' can be used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or to describe something that happens to an object. The past participle is used because the relationship between the object and the action is passive (the code is fixed by someone).
I had my car washed yesterday.
EN: The demonstrative determiner 'this' combined with a time noun like 'morning' (this morning) functions as an adverbial phrase of time, referring to the morning of the current day. In past tense sentences, it indicates a completed action earlier today.
She finished the report this morning.
EN: The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or strongly requires someone else to do something. It is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
EN: The determiner 'every' is used before a singular countable noun to refer to all members of a group of three or more, emphasizing each individual member.
The engineer checked every connection before turning on the power.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
EN: The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns that start with a consonant sound ('tiny') to refer to a non-specific single item.
She bought a new computer yesterday.
EN: The causative verb 'have' is used in the passive structure 'have + object + past participle (V-ed)' to describe getting something done by someone else. The object ('the design') receives the action of the past participle ('reviewed').
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
The book was written by a famous novelist.
EN: The causative verb 'get' is used to express persuading, convincing, or tricking someone to do something. Unlike other causative verbs like 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
EN: The noun 'partner' refers to a person who takes part in an undertaking with another, often in a business, academic, or team context. In school or lab settings, it specifically refers to a classmate with whom one is paired for an activity.
My lab partner and I finished the experiment early.
EN: Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch, etc.) can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the speaker perceived the entire action from start to finish.
I saw the drone fly in a perfect circle.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two events happening at the same time, often meaning 'while' or 'at the moment that'.
The crowd gasped as the robot waved hello.
EN: The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' is used to express that you want or arrange for an action to be done to something by someone else, or to focus on the completion of an action on a specific object.
I need to have my computer repaired as soon as possible.
EN: The imperative structure 'Let me + base verb' is a polite way to offer to do something, suggest an action, or ask for permission to perform a task.
Let me help you with those heavy boxes.
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'in a perfect circle' uses the preposition 'in' to describe the shape, path, or pattern of a movement.
The children stood in a straight line.
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun.
Having a good plan helps us save time.
EN: Causative Verb 'Make': The verb 'make' can be used in the pattern 'make + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause someone or something to become or be in a certain state'.
The warm weather made the flowers bloom early.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
Step-by-step; gradually and in a careful, orderly sequence.
Individually; one by one.
A three-dimensional representation of an object.
To experience a very rapid heartbeat, typically due to excitement, anxiety, or fear.