The Courage to Dislike - Part 1
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EN: The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used here as an adjective to modify the noun 'courage'. It describes what kind of courage it is.
I have a lot of work to do.
EN: The definite article 'The' is used to specify a particular concept or quality, making the noun 'courage' feel like a specific, defined philosophy or title.
The desire to win is strong.
EN: This phrase is the famous title of a book based on Adlerian psychology. In English, 'to dislike' can be active, but in the context of this famous philosophy, it refers to the courage to be disliked by others in order to live authentically.
EN: The phrase 'all kinds of' is used to describe a wide variety of things or people. It is followed by a plural countable noun or an uncountable noun.
There are all kinds of books in the library.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'in our lives' functions as an adverbial of place/context, indicating the scope or time frame in which the action occurs.
We face many challenges in our lives.
EN: The sentence sets a philosophical tone similar to the book 'The courage to dislike', emphasizing that social diversity is an inevitable part of the human experience.
EN: The correlative structure 'Some... others...' is used to contrast different groups within a larger whole. 'Others' is a pronoun meaning 'other people' or 'other things'.
Some students like math, while others prefer history.
EN: Linking verbs (like 'seem') are followed by adjectives or noun phrases to describe the subject. In the second clause, 'that way' functions as an adverbial phrase referring back to the previously mentioned qualities.
He seems tired today, but he wasn't that way yesterday.
EN: In the context of 'The courage to dislike', this sentence highlights the social reality that we cannot please everyone, and not everyone will align with our values. It reflects a psychological boundary-setting common in modern self-help literature.
EN: The conjunction 'Since' is used to introduce a reason or cause, similar to 'Because'. It often appears at the beginning of a sentence to provide background information for the main result.
Since it is raining, we should stay indoors.
EN: The phrasal verb 'get along with' means to have a friendly relationship with someone or to interact harmoniously.
She gets along with all her coworkers.
EN: The concept of 'getting along' is central to many social philosophies, including the ideas explored in 'The courage to dislike'. It reflects the social pressure to maintain harmony even when personal feelings might differ.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate that two actions happen at the same time, often showing a progression or change. It is followed by a clause (subject + verb).
As the sun set, the sky turned orange.
EN: The verb 'realize' is often followed by a noun clause (that-clause) acting as the object. In this sentence, the word 'that' is omitted, which is common in informal or spoken English.
I realize I forgot my keys.
EN: The sentence reflects a psychological boundary-setting process often discussed in modern interpersonal relationships, similar to the themes in the book 'The courage to dislike'. It emphasizes that it is natural and acceptable to acknowledge negative feelings toward others.
EN: The modal verb 'may' is used to express possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'be'). It suggests that something is likely but not certain.
It may rain later, so you should bring an umbrella.
EN: Parallel structure with adjectives: When listing multiple qualities or items using 'or' or 'and', the words should be in the same grammatical form. Here, 'mean', 'gossipy', and 'selfish' are all adjectives describing the subject.
The movie was long, boring, and confusing.
EN: In the context of 'The courage to dislike', this sentence highlights the internal conflict between social harmony and personal values. Western psychological perspectives often emphasize setting boundaries with people who exhibit these negative traits, even if it means being disliked.
EN: The phrasal verb 'go against' means to be in opposition to something, such as a rule, principle, or belief. In this sentence, 'goes' is used in the third-person singular present tense to match the subject 'That'.
His actions go against everything he stands for.
EN: Possessive adjectives (my, your, our, their, etc.) are used before a noun to show ownership or relationship. Here, 'our' indicates that the 'values' belong to us.
We must protect our environment.
EN: In the context of 'The courage to dislike', this sentence emphasizes the importance of personal boundaries and integrity. It suggests that social harmony should not come at the expense of one's core principles.
EN: The phrase 'feel bad about' is used to express guilt or regret. It is followed by a gerund (V-ing) or a noun phrase to indicate the cause of the feeling.
I feel bad about forgetting her birthday.
EN: The modal verb 'may' is used to express possibility. It suggests that something is likely but not certain.
It may rain later this afternoon.
EN: In many cultures, there is a strong social pressure to be liked and to like everyone back. This sentence reflects the psychological burden discussed in 'The courage to dislike', suggesting that it's natural but sometimes unnecessary to feel guilty for having negative feelings toward others.
EN: The verb 'try' followed by a to-infinitive (to + verb) indicates making an effort to do something difficult or intentional.
I will try to finish the work by five.
EN: The structure 'keep + object + adjective/participle' is used to describe maintaining a specific state or continuous action for the object.
Please keep the door open.
EN: In many cultures, including those influenced by the ideas in 'The courage to dislike', there is a social pressure to maintain harmony (wa) even when we feel uncomfortable. This sentence reflects the common struggle between personal boundaries and social expectations.
EN: Partial Negation: When 'not' is used with words like 'always', 'every', or 'all', it means 'not necessarily' or 'not in every case', rather than 'never'.
Rich people are not always happy.
EN: Infinitive as Adjective: The phrase 'to take' is a to-infinitive used as an adjective to modify the noun 'action', indicating what kind of action it is or what should be done with it.
I have a lot of work to do.
EN: In the context of 'The courage to dislike', this sentence reflects a psychological boundary. It suggests that maintaining social harmony (keeping the relationship going) is not always the most healthy or 'right' choice if it compromises one's values.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To have a friendly relationship with someone.
To be opposite to or conflict with something.
To maintain or continue a situation or activity.
A wide variety of different types.