Ideas That Change Us (H4)
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EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive, which directly explains or defines the abstract noun 'the fact'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause itself.
The news that our team won made us cheer.
EN: The subject of the main sentence is 'The fact' (singular), which requires the singular verb 'helps' to maintain subject-verb agreement, even though the intervening clause contains the plural pronoun 'we'.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Appositive Clause: The 'that' clause functions as an appositive to the noun 'idea'. Unlike relative clauses, the 'that' here is a conjunction (not a relative pronoun) and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) in the clause itself. It simply explains the content of the noun 'idea'.
I believe in the hope that tomorrow will be better.
EN: Modal Verb 'can': Used to express ability or possibility. In this context, it indicates the potential or capability of everyone to learn.
She believes that anyone can achieve their dreams.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the content of the noun 'news'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Causative Verb 'make': The verb 'make' is used here as a causative verb meaning 'to cause someone to do something'. It is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to').
The sad movie made us cry.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that effort pays') acts as an appositive to the noun 'belief', explaining the exact content of the belief. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The hope that we can win the game gives us strength.
EN: Causative/Resultative structure 'keep someone doing something': This structure is used to describe an action or state that causes someone to continue doing a particular activity over a period of time.
The upbeat music keeps me running faster.
EN: The phrase 'effort pays' (often expressed as 'effort pays off') reflects a strong cultural value in English-speaking societies regarding meritocracy and self-reliance—the belief that hard work eventually leads to success and is inherently worthwhile.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' acts as an appositive clause (同位語子句). It directly explains the content of the abstract noun 'hope'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause itself.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: The verb 'gives' is a ditransitive verb (雙賓動詞) which takes an indirect object ('us') and a direct object ('strength') to show who receives what.
The teacher gave the students some advice.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive clause (同位語從句). It directly explains the content of the abstract noun 'the truth'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: The verb 'matter' is used here as an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It is commonly used in the simple present tense to state a general truth or fact.
Your opinion matters to us.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that-clause' ('that kindness spreads') acts as an appositive to the noun 'the idea'. It explains the exact content of the idea, rather than modifying it like a relative clause. In this structure, 'that' is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role inside the clause.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects: When the subject of a sentence is modified by a long clause or phrase (like 'The idea that kindness spreads'), the main verb ('is') must agree with the head noun of the subject ('The idea', which is singular), not the noun inside the clause ('kindness' or 'spreads').
The news that our friends arrived makes us happy.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive (同位語) to the noun 'fact'. It provides the specific content of the 'fact'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The news that our team won the game made us happy.
EN: The transitive verb 'impress' means to make someone feel admiration and respect. The structure is 'something impresses someone' (主詞使受詞留下深刻印象).
His dedication to the project impressed the manager.
EN: Appositive Clause: The 'that' clause ('that we can help') is used as an appositive to explain the content of the noun 'the thought'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Causative/Emotion Verb 'excite': The verb 'excite' means 'to cause someone to feel very enthusiastic and eager'. In English, many emotion verbs (like excite, interest, bore) are transitive and take the person experiencing the emotion as the direct object.
The news that our team won excited everyone.
EN: Appositive Clause (同位語從句): The 'that' clause ('that water exists there') acts as an appositive to the noun 'discovery'. It explains the exact content of the discovery. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The news that our team won the game spread quickly.
EN: The adjective 'huge' is used here as a subject complement following the linking verb 'is'. In informal or semi-formal English, 'huge' often means 'extremely important' or 'of great significance', rather than just physical size.
The decision to merge the two companies is huge.
EN: Appositive Clause (同位語從句): The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the content of the preceding abstract noun (in this case, 'the rule'). Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself; it merely connects the noun to its explanation.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects: When the subject of a sentence is accompanied by a long modifying clause (such as an appositive clause), the main verb must still agree with the head noun of the subject. Here, the singular noun 'The rule' takes the singular verb 'is'.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive (同位語) to explain the content of the noun 'dream'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction, not a pronoun, and cannot be omitted or replaced by 'which'.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: The phrase 'be worth doing' means that something deserves to be done. Although the meaning is passive (the dream is fought for), we use the active gerund form (fighting for) after 'worth'.
This ancient temple is worth visiting.
EN: The present perfect tense (have + past participle) is used here with 'always' to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present moment, emphasizing a long-held belief or feeling.
She has always believed that honesty is the best policy.
EN: An appositive clause (noun clause starting with 'that') is used to explain the content of the noun 'idea'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The news that our team won the game surprised everyone.
EN: The phrase 'make a difference' is a deeply ingrained cultural concept in English-speaking societies, especially in the US and UK. It reflects a strong belief in individualism and civic duty—the idea that a single person's actions, no matter how small, have the power to positively impact the community or the world.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' is an appositive clause (同位語子句). It is used to explain or define the abstract noun 'the fact'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause itself.
The news that our team won made us cheer.
EN: The phrasal verb 'add up' means to gradually increase in amount or strength to have a significant total effect.
Small savings can add up to a large amount of money over time.
EN: Appositive clause (noun clause): The 'that' clause ('that our river was polluted') acts as an appositive to the noun 'the news'. It explains the exact content of the news. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Passive voice in the past tense: 'was polluted' is used to show that the river (the subject of the clause) received the action of being polluted, focusing on the state or the result of the action in the past.
The ancient temple was destroyed during the war.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that we could fix it') acts as an appositive to the noun 'belief'. It explains the exact content of the belief. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and the clause is complete on its own.
The news that our team won the game made us happy.
EN: Verb Pattern 'push someone to do something': This structure means to strongly encourage, motivate, or force someone to take a specific action.
The teacher's encouragement pushed him to study harder.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive clause (同位語子句) to explain the content of the noun 'idea'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction, not a pronoun, and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
I agree with the belief that honesty is the best policy.
EN: The phrasal verb 'start with' means to begin an activity or process with a particular thing or action. Here, 'with' is a preposition followed by the noun phrase 'the simple idea'.
We should start the meeting with a brief introduction.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that change takes time') acts as an appositive to the noun 'the truth'. It explains the exact content of the 'truth'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction (not a pronoun) and is fully complete grammatically.
The belief that we can succeed motivates us.
EN: Simple Past Tense Negative with 'did not': To form a negative statement in the simple past tense for action verbs, use the auxiliary verb 'did not' (or 'didn't') followed by the base form of the main verb ('stop').
The rain did not ruin our plans.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The word 'that' introduces an appositive clause ('that the river could recover') which explains the specific content of the abstract noun 'hope'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Linking Verb and Adjective Complement: The verb 'grow' is used here as a linking verb (copula) meaning 'to become'. It is followed by the comparative adjective 'stronger' which functions as the subject complement, describing the change in state of the subject 'hope'.
As autumn approaches, the days grow shorter.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the exact content of the noun 'discovery'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause.
The news that our team won the game made us happy.
EN: Past Perfect Tense: Used to describe an action ('had returned') that was completed before another action in the past ('filled us with joy').
She realized that she had left her keys at home.
EN: Appositive Clause (同位語從句): The 'that' clause ('that we had helped') acts as an appositive to the noun 'The thought'. It explains the exact content of the thought. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Make + Object + Object Complement (make + 賓語 + 賓語補語): The verb 'made' is followed by the object 'every effort' and the adjective phrase 'worth it' acting as the object complement, which describes the state or result of the object.
The good news made everyone happy.
EN: Appositive Clause: The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the exact content of the noun preceding it (in this case, 'the belief'). Unlike relative clauses, 'that' does not act as a subject or object within the clause; it is simply a connector, and the clause is grammatically complete.
The news that our team won the game spread quickly.
EN: Collocation 'hold the belief': This is a formal collocation meaning to have a particular opinion or belief. 'Hold' is used here to express maintaining or possessing a conviction over time.
Many people hold the belief that honesty is the best policy.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive (同位語) to explain the content of the noun 'the fact'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The news that our team won made us cheer.
EN: The phrase 'not... at all' is used for emphasis to mean 'not in any way' or 'completely not'. 'At all' is placed at the end of a negative statement to strengthen the negation.
The test was not difficult at all.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that we can heal our world') acts as an appositive to the noun 'dream'. It explains the specific content of the dream. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and the clause is grammatically complete.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Keep + Object + Object Complement (Present Participle): The verb 'keep' can be followed by an object and a present participle (-ing form) to describe an ongoing state or action that the object is caused to continue doing.
The music keeps me working efficiently.
EN: Using 'What + noun' as the subject of a question. In this structure, 'What idea' acts as the subject of the sentence, so we do not use auxiliary verbs like 'do' or 'does'. The verb 'inspires' directly follows the subject.
What color suits me best?
EN: The use of the adverb 'most' to express the superlative degree. When modifying a verb like 'inspire', 'most' is placed after the object to mean 'to the greatest extent'.
Which song touches you most?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, addressing someone directly by their first name (like 'Emma') at the end of a question is a common way to show warmth, personal connection, and to ensure the person knows they are being directly addressed in a friendly manner.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that art can heal people') acts as an appositive to the noun 'idea'. It explains the exact content of the 'idea'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and the clause is complete on its own.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Transitive Verb 'inspire': The verb 'inspire' means to fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something. It is a transitive verb that directly takes an object (in this case, 'me').
EN: The concept of art therapy (using creative processes to improve physical, mental, and emotional well-being) is highly recognized in modern Western psychology and education. Emma's statement reflects a widespread belief in the transformative and therapeutic power of creative expression.
EN: The noun clause 'that we have one Earth' acts as an appositive clause (同位語從句) that explains the specific content of the noun 'The fact'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' in an appositive clause is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) inside the clause.
The news that our team won made us cheer.
EN: The verb 'worry' is used transitively here, meaning 'to make someone feel anxious or upset'. The structure is 'Something worries someone', where the cause of worry is the subject, and the person feeling worried is the object.
The thought of failing the exam worries me.
EN: The phrase 'one Earth' reflects the global environmental awareness movement. It emphasizes the uniqueness and vulnerability of our planet, a common theme in modern ecological discussions and education.
EN: The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as an appositive (同位語) to the noun 'belief'. An appositive clause explains or defines the content of abstract nouns like 'belief', 'idea', 'fact', or 'news'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and is followed by a complete sentence.
I support the idea that we should protect the environment.
EN: The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It is commonly used in the third person singular ('matters') to emphasize the value or importance of someone or something.
Your opinion matters to us.
EN: The phrase 'everyone matters' reflects a core democratic and individualistic value in many English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that every single person has inherent worth and deserves respect, regardless of their background.
EN: Appositive Clause (同位語從句): The 'that' clause ('that the park reopened') acts as an appositive to the noun 'the news'. It provides the specific content of the news. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Causative Structure with 'Make' (make + object + adjective): The verb 'make' is used here as a causative verb meaning 'to cause to be'. It is followed by an object ('us') and an adjective ('happy') which functions as the object complement, describing the state resulting from the action.
The beautiful music made her calm.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that we can improve') acts as an appositive to the noun 'hope'. It explains the exact content of the hope, rather than modifying it like a relative clause. In this structure, 'that' is a conjunction and cannot be omitted or replaced by 'which'.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Abstract Nouns: The singular abstract noun 'hope' is the main subject of the sentence, which requires the singular verb 'drives'. The intervening plural pronoun 'we' or the clause 'that we can improve' does not affect the singular agreement of the main verb.
The news that they arrived safely brings relief to everyone.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The 'that' clause ('that learning never ends') acts as an appositive to the noun 'truth'. It explains the exact content of the 'truth'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction, not a relative pronoun, and the clause is complete on its own.
The belief that honesty is the best policy guides his decisions.
EN: Transitive Verb with Object: The verb 'excites' is a transitive verb that takes the object 'me'. In English, feelings are often expressed using causative verbs (e.g., excite, worry, interest) where the subject causes the emotion in the object.
The news of her success excites the whole family.
EN: Appositive Clause (Noun Clause): The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the content of the abstract noun 'thought'. Unlike relative clauses, 'that' here is a conjunction and does not play a grammatical role (like subject or object) within the clause itself.
The belief that effort pays keeps me going.
EN: Modal Verb 'can': Used here to express ability or possibility in the present tense, followed by the base form of the verb 'help'.
We can achieve our goals if we work hard.
EN: The noun clause 'that you tried' acts as an appositive to the noun 'the fact'. An appositive clause (同位語子句) is introduced by the conjunction 'that' and provides essential information to define or explain the abstract noun preceding it.
The news that our team won made us cheer.
EN: The phrase 'means a lot to someone' is a common idiomatic expression meaning to be very important or significant to someone. 'Means' is the singular verb agreeing with the singular subject 'The fact'.
Your support means a lot to me.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, acknowledging someone's effort rather than just the outcome is highly valued. Saying 'The fact that you tried means a lot' is a common way to show deep appreciation and emotional support, especially when someone didn't succeed but put in their best effort.
EN: The relative clause 'that bring hope' is used as an adjective clause to modify the plural noun 'Ideas'. Since 'Ideas' is plural, the relative pronoun 'that' (acting as the subject of the relative clause) takes a plural verb 'bring' without an '-s'.
Books that inspire people are always popular.
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'change'.
Music can heal a broken heart.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To increase gradually in quantity or size until it becomes significant.
To give someone the energy, motivation, or strength to continue doing something.
To have a significant effect on a person, group, or situation.