AI-generated stories rated better quality than human-written ones, study finds
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EN: The pattern 'prefer A over B' is used to express that someone likes option A more than option B. 'A' and 'B' should be grammatically parallel (e.g., both nouns or both gerunds).
Many young people prefer working remotely over commuting to an office every day.
EN: Past participle phrases (e.g., 'written by...') can act as reduced relative clauses, modifying the noun that comes before them ('stories [which were] written by...').
The painting created by the young artist won first prize in the competition.
EN: The Passive Voice (was + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the research) rather than who performed it.
The article was written last week.
EN: The preposition 'in' is used before journals, magazines, newspapers, or books to indicate where information is published.
Her paper was published in a famous medical journal.
EN: The passive voice 'were asked' combined with an infinitive ('to read') is used when the focus is on the recipients of the action rather than the person giving the instruction.
The students were asked to complete the survey before leaving.
EN: The structure 'one of + plural noun' means one item out of a group of multiple items, and it always takes a singular verb if used as the subject.
She chose one of the red apples from the basket.
EN: The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The preposition 'by' introduces the agent performing the action.
The artwork was created by a local student.
EN: To avoid repetition, pronouns or numerals like 'three' can stand alone to refer back to a previously mentioned plural noun (in this case, 'stories').
Five students entered the competition, but only two won prizes.
EN: The structure 'a similar [noun] to [noun/pronoun]' is used to show that two things share common characteristics or qualities.
This phone has a similar design to my old one.
EN: Hyphenated compound adjectives formed with a noun and a past participle (e.g., 'AI-generated', 'human-written') modify nouns by describing how they were created.
We prefer eco-friendly and hand-made products.
EN: The verb 'tell' takes two objects: an indirect object (the person being told) and a direct object clause introduced by 'whether' to present two possibilities (whether... or...).
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
EN: Passive Voice in the Past Tense ('was written by'): Used when the action performed on the subject is more important than who performed it, or to focus on the story itself.
The book was written by a famous author in 1995.
EN: The transition adverb 'however' is used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a contrast to a previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma.
He studied very hard; however, he did not pass the exam.
EN: The adverbs 'not always' create a partial negation (not 100% of the time), meaning something happens sometimes, but not in all cases.
The most expensive option is not always the best one.
EN: The conjunction phrase 'so that' is used to express purpose. It is typically followed by a clause containing a modal verb like 'can', 'could', 'may', or 'might'.
He saved money so that he could buy a new computer.
EN: An embedded question acts as a noun clause (functioning as a direct object here) beginning with a question word like 'how'. Unlike direct questions, it uses normal statement word order (Subject + Verb).
I don't know how the machine works.
EN: The simple past tense is used to describe an action or state that was completed at a specific time in the past.
The initial survey showed promising trends for the new product.
EN: Participles can function as adjectives. Present participles (-ing) describe the effect something causes (active/cause), while past participles (-ed) describe how someone feels (passive/receiving).
The scientists announced a surprising discovery yesterday.
EN: A relative clause (or adjective clause) starting with 'who' is used to modify the noun 'Participants', specifying which group of participants is being referred to.
Students who practice daily will improve quickly.
EN: The structure 'rate [something] as [adjective/noun phrase]' is used to express an opinion or judgment about the quality or status of something.
Critics rated the new movie as highly entertaining.
EN: The idiom 'at the same time' is used as a sentence adverbial to introduce a contrasting or simultaneous fact, meaning 'meanwhile' or 'nevertheless'.
She wanted to save money; at the same time, she wished to travel the world.
EN: The structure 'give + [indirect object] + [direct object]' is a ditransitive verb pattern. Here, 'ratings' is the direct object and 'to stories' is a prepositional phrase acting as the indirect receiver.
The judge gave high scores to the young pianist.
EN: The clause 'that people have a positive bias...' acts as a noun clause (subordinate clause) serving as the direct object of the verb 'suggests'. The conjunction 'that' introduces the statement being suggested.
Research suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
EN: The preposition 'toward' (or 'towards') is commonly used with the noun 'bias' to indicate the direction or object of one's preference or prejudice.
Many consumers have a strong bias toward local products.
EN: The concept of 'human premium' or positive bias toward human creativity is a major focus in AI ethics and media studies today. Even when automated content matches or surpasses human quality, audiences often attribute higher sentimental or artistic value to human-made art simply because of its origin.
EN: Apposition: A noun phrase placed next to another noun phrase to rename or describe it. Here, 'a senior author of the research from Villanova University' gives extra information about 'Doctor Deena Skolnick Weisberg'.
Professor Smith, a leading expert in climate change, will give a speech tomorrow.
EN: Past Simple Tense for Reporting Research: The simple past tense (e.g., 'explained') is commonly used in news and academic contexts to report completed actions or statements made by researchers.
The scientist presented the results of the study at the international conference.
EN: Reported speech using 'said that' followed by a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the main verb.
He said that the conference would start on time.
EN: The comparison structure 'as... as' combined with 'at least' (at least as [adjective] as) indicates that something is equal to or greater than something else in degree.
This new model is at least as efficient as the previous version.
EN: The reported speech structure with 'added that' is used to introduce additional information that someone previously said, using a noun clause (that-clause) as the direct object of the verb 'add'.
He added that the event would be postponed until next week.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'of what AI is able to do' uses the free relative pronoun 'what' (meaning 'the things that') as the object of the preposition 'of'. Inside this clause, 'be able to' indicates capability.
She was surprised by what he was able to achieve.
EN: The verb 'note' takes a 'that'-clause as a direct object to report a fact, statement, or observation. The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause containing a complete subject and predicate.
The teacher noted that all students passed the final exam.
EN: The phrase 'mean (that)...' is used to state a result, implication, or logical conclusion derived from a statement or situation.
Higher prices do not always mean better quality.
EN: Emphatic pronouns (myself, yourself, herself, etc.) are used to place special emphasis on a noun or pronoun. When 'herself' is placed directly after 'she', it emphasizes that the subject personally performs or embodies the action/description.
The director herself attended the premiere of the film.
EN: Comparative adjectives with 'than' implied or omitted, followed by a causal clause starting with 'because'. The comparative form 'easier' indicates a higher degree of readability compared to human writing.
This book is easier to understand because it includes visual diagrams.
EN: Past participial phrases ('written by AI', 'created by people') are used as reduced relative clauses (short for 'which are written by AI') to post-modify nouns.
Books written by famous authors usually sell well.
EN: The pronoun 'those' is used to avoid repeating the plural noun 'novels'. The structure 'be different from [noun/pronoun]' is used to show contrast.
The rules in this game are different from those in the previous one.
EN: The verb 'suggest' is followed by a 'that' clause expressing a proposal or advice. In formal English, this clause often uses the subjunctive mood (base verb) or a modal verb like 'may' or 'should'.
The doctor suggested that he take a few days off to rest.
EN: The idiom 'make room for' means to clear space or accommodate someone or something alongside existing elements.
We need to make room for new ideas in our company strategy.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
Computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.
A preference or inclination for or against a particular thing, person, or group.
To clear a space for someone or something; to accommodate.