Reading and Leaving Reviews - Day 1
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EN: Gerunds (Verb + -ing) can be used as nouns to represent an activity or a topic. In this title, 'Reading' and 'Leaving' act as names for these actions.
Swimming is my favorite sport.
EN: In the digital age, 'leaving a review' is a common social and commercial practice. It's often encouraged by businesses to build trust with new customers.
EN: To ask a 'Yes/No' question in the present tense with an action verb, start the sentence with 'Do' (for I/you/we/they) or 'Does' (for he/she/it).
Do you like apples?
EN: In modern digital culture, reading reviews is a standard step before purchasing products or visiting places. Writing reviews is seen as a way to contribute to the community.
EN: The word 'do' is used here as a substitute verb to avoid repeating the previous action (reading or writing reviews).
I like apples, and my friends do too.
EN: The phrase 'and more' is used at the end of a list to show that there are other similar things that are not mentioned.
This shop sells bread, milk, eggs, and more.
EN: In modern digital culture, 'apps' is the standard short form for 'applications', specifically referring to software on mobile devices.
EN: Using '-ing' at the beginning of a sentence turns an action into a noun (Gerund), which can act as the subject of the sentence.
Eating healthy food makes you strong.
EN: In modern digital culture, reading reviews is a standard step before purchasing. This sentence reflects the 'social proof' concept where people rely on others' experiences.
EN: To ask a 'Yes/No' question with a regular verb like 'want', we put 'Do' at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject.
Do they like the food?
EN: In English-speaking consumer culture, reading reviews is a standard step before making a purchase, reflecting a 'smart shopper' mindset.
EN: To form a question in the present tense with verbs like 'want', use 'Do' at the beginning of the sentence for the subjects 'I', 'you', 'we', and 'they'.
Do they want to watch a movie?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, checking online reviews before choosing a restaurant is a very common habit. Asking 'Do they want to eat at the restaurant?' often implies checking if the group agrees with the restaurant's reputation or menu.
EN: The phrase 'not every' is used to show that something is true for some cases, but not for all of them. This is called partial negation.
Not every student likes homework.
EN: In online culture, 'fair' reviews are highly valued because they provide balanced feedback. This sentence encourages critical thinking when consuming internet content.
EN: The word 'some' is used here as a pronoun to replace 'some reviews' to avoid repetition.
Many books are good, but some are boring.
EN: In online culture, 'mean' comments are often referred to as 'trolling' or 'hate speech' if they are excessive. The sentence encourages critical thinking when consuming internet content.
EN: The 'If' clause is used to talk about a possible situation. When the main part of the sentence is a command (Imperative), it gives advice or instructions based on that situation.
If you are tired, go to sleep.
EN: The phrase 'think for yourself' is a common English idiom encouraging critical thinking and independence, especially in the age of internet information overload.
EN: Use 'Can' at the beginning of a sentence to ask about ability or possibility. The main verb that follows should be in its base form.
Can you help me?
EN: In the context of online reviews, 'trust' refers to whether the information is authentic or if the reviewer is being biased or fake.
EN: The sentence uses 'If' to set a condition, followed by an imperative (a command or advice) starting with 'be'.
If you are tired, go to sleep.
EN: In online culture, being 'honest and polite' is part of 'netiquette' (internet etiquette). It encourages constructive feedback rather than simple negativity.
EN: The conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or opposite idea.
I like apples, but I don't like oranges.
EN: In the digital age, online reviews are a significant part of social interaction. This sentence reflects the ethical responsibility of digital citizenship—being honest but remaining respectful to avoid 'cyberbullying' or unnecessary emotional harm.
EN: In English, titles or labels often use a noun followed by a letter or number to identify a specific part of a series.
Unit B
EN: In English textbooks and learning materials, 'Conversation A' is a standard way to label the first dialogue in a lesson.
EN: The word 'Hey' is an informal greeting used to get someone's attention or say hello to friends and family.
Hey, Sarah!
EN: In English-speaking cultures, using 'Hey' followed by a first name is very common among peers and friends, but it might be considered too casual for formal situations or when addressing elders.
EN: The Present Continuous tense (be + verb-ing) is used to ask about actions happening right now.
What are you eating?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'What are you doing?' is a very common way to start a conversation, similar to 'How's it going?' but more focused on the current activity.
EN: The Present Continuous tense (am/is/are + verb-ing) is used to describe an action that is happening right now.
I am watching a movie now.
EN: In the digital age, 'reading reviews' is a common daily activity before buying products or watching content, reflecting a culture that values peer feedback.
EN: Use 'How are + plural subject' to ask about the condition, quality, or status of multiple things or people.
How are your parents?
EN: In English, 'How are they?' is a common follow-up question to show interest in what someone just mentioned, whether it's people, objects, or feedback.
EN: Using 'one' as a pronoun to avoid repeating a noun (reviews).
I have many pens, but this one is my favorite.
EN: In online culture, reviews are essential for businesses. However, 'trolling' or leaving mean reviews without reason is common, which is why the text advises to 'think for yourself'.
EN: The verb 'call' can be used with an object and an adjective/noun to describe or label something. In this pattern, 'call + object + adjective' means to say that someone or something has a certain quality.
They called the movie boring.
EN: In English, 'no good' is an informal way to say something is of poor quality or useless. When used in reviews, it is a direct and blunt criticism.
EN: The word 'mean' is used as an adjective here to describe someone's behavior or comments as unkind or cruel.
Don't be mean to your little brother.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, calling something 'mean' is a common way to express that a comment or action is unnecessarily hurtful, especially in social media or interpersonal contexts.
EN: To ask a question about the past, we start the sentence with 'Did' followed by the subject and the base form of the verb.
Did you see the movie?
EN: In Western culture, constructive criticism is valued. When someone leaves a 'bad' review without giving reasons, it is often seen as unhelpful or 'trolling'.
EN: This is a short answer using the auxiliary verb 'did' in its negative form 'didn't' to refer back to a previous question in the past tense.
Did you see the movie? No, I didn't.
EN: In English, short answers like 'No, it didn't' are considered more polite and natural than just saying 'No'.
EN: The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object and the base form of a verb (without 'to'). It means to allow something to happen.
Don't let the rain stop our plans.
EN: In the digital age, 'reviews' are a major part of social interaction. This sentence reflects a common piece of advice to maintain mental well-being despite online criticism.
EN: Using 'and' to connect two descriptions or actions. When the subject is the same, we don't need to repeat it after 'and'.
He is tired and wants to sleep.
EN: In online contexts, people who post angry or negative comments without reason are sometimes called 'trolls'. This sentence encourages readers to recognize that such behavior often reflects the writer's mood rather than the quality of the work.
EN: Using 'That's' (That is) to agree with a statement. It is a common way to show you think what someone just said is correct.
That's right.
EN: In English conversations, saying 'That's true' is a polite way to acknowledge someone's point, even if you don't fully agree with everything they say. It helps keep the conversation friendly.
EN: This is a noun phrase used as a title or label. In English, when labeling items with letters, the letter follows the noun (Noun + Letter).
Question A
EN: In English learning materials, 'Conversation A' and 'Conversation B' are standard ways to organize different dialogue practices.
EN: Using 'When' to start a sentence helps you talk about the time or situation when something happens. It connects two parts of a sentence.
When I go home, I eat dinner.
EN: In many cultures, online reviews are taken very seriously. Being 'fair and honest' is considered a social responsibility to help other consumers make good choices.
EN: Use 'to + verb' (infinitive) to explain the purpose or reason why someone does something.
I study hard to get good grades.
EN: In Western culture, 'constructive criticism' is valued. Writing a bad review isn't always seen as mean if the goal is to provide honest feedback that helps a business or creator get better.
EN: Using 'aren't so + adjective' is a common way to describe a negative quality in a slightly softer way than saying 'are bad'.
The weather today isn't so warm.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, using 'not so' or 'not very' is often preferred over direct negative adjectives (like 'mean' or 'rude') to remain polite or less confrontational.
EN: The word 'hurt' is an irregular verb. Its past tense form is the same as its present tense form: hurt-hurt-hurt. In this sentence, it is used in the past tense to describe a past feeling.
My legs hurt after the long walk yesterday.
EN: In English, 'hurt' can describe both physical pain and emotional pain. In the context of reviews, it refers to the emotional impact of negative comments.
EN: The pattern 'spend + time + V-ing' is used to say how much time someone uses to do a specific activity.
She spent all afternoon reading a book.
EN: In digital content creation, emphasizing the 'hours' spent is a common way to express frustration when receiving unhelpful or mean criticism, highlighting the gap between the creator's effort and the reviewer's lack of empathy.
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give commands, advice, or suggestions. They usually start with a verb and the subject 'you' is omitted.
Just do your best.
EN: In online contexts, 'ignore it' is common advice for dealing with 'trolls' or mean comments, reflecting the idea that responding often makes the situation worse.
EN: The auxiliary verb 'will' is used here as a short answer to show agreement or promise to do something mentioned previously. In this context, it stands for 'I will ignore it'.
Will you help me? I will.
EN: In English conversations, short responses like 'I will' or 'I do' are very common to avoid repeating the entire verb phrase, making the speech sound more natural and fluent.
EN: In negative sentences, we use 'anything' instead of 'something' to mean 'any part' or 'any thing'.
I don't have anything to eat.
EN: In English, when giving feedback, it is common to distinguish between 'constructive criticism' (helpful) and 'mean comments' (not helpful). This sentence highlights that the review lacked constructive value.
EN: The word 'most' is used to talk about the majority of a group (more than half). When followed by a plural noun like 'people', it takes a plural verb like 'like'.
Most students enjoy the summer holidays.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, it is common to use positive reinforcement to help someone deal with negative feedback or 'trolls' online.
EN: The verb 'keep' followed by a verb ending in '-ing' means to continue doing an action without stopping.
Keep studying hard.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'Keep going' is a very common way to encourage someone who is working hard or facing a challenge, similar to 'Don't give up'.
EN: Use 'Thanks for' followed by a verb ending in '-ing' to thank someone for a specific action.
Thanks for helping me with my homework.
EN: In Western culture, it is common to use someone's first name to show appreciation and build a friendly connection.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To form your own opinions rather than just believing what others say.
Of poor quality; useless or bad.
To continue doing something despite difficulties.