University students say procrastination is biggest threat to their academic performance
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EN: Present Perfect Tense ('has found') is commonly used in news and academic reporting to introduce recent research findings that remain relevant now.
A recent report has shown that regular exercise improves mental health.
EN: Noun Clause with 'that' functioning as the direct object of the reporting verb 'found'. It contains a full clause: [subject: 'procrastination'] + [verb: 'is'] + [subject complement: 'the biggest threat...'].
Doctors believe that adequate sleep is essential for recovery.
EN: In Western higher education research, 'procrastination' is frequently studied alongside mental health issues like stress and depression, as academic independence in universities requires strong self-regulation skills.
EN: Non-defining relative clauses are set off by commas and provide extra, non-essential information about a noun. They typically begin with 'which' (for things) or 'who' (for people) and cannot use 'that'.
The report, which took three months to complete, was submitted yesterday.
EN: The passive voice is formed using 'be + past participle' (was published). It is frequently used in academic and news contexts when the focus is on the action or result rather than the agent performing it.
The article was published in a major medical journal.
EN: PLOS ONE is a well-known peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science. The name is stylized as 'PLOS ONE' in formal academic citations.
EN: Gerund as Subject in a Noun Clause: The '-ing' form 'delaying' functions as a gerund heading the noun phrase 'delaying their work', which serves as the subject of the subordinate 'that'-clause.
Skipping breakfast reduced his energy during class.
EN: Noun + Infinitive Complement: The noun 'ability' is frequently complemented by a to-infinitive ('ability to do something') to specify the action one is capable of performing.
She showed a remarkable ability to solve complex problems.
EN: The structure 'multiplier + as + adjective + as...' is used to express comparisons of proportion or scale. Adding 'more than' before the multiplier emphasizes that the amount exceeds that proportion.
The sales this month were more than twice as high as last month's.
EN: The relative clause 'who named depression' uses the relative pronoun 'who' to modify the antecedent 'students', providing essential information about which specific group of students is being referred to.
She thanked the doctor who saved her life.
EN: An appositive phrase ('a lecturer at the University of Cambridge') is placed between commas to give additional, non-essential information about the noun before it ('Itamar Shatz').
Dr. Davis, a professor at Oxford University, gave a fascinating lecture.
EN: The subordinate conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because the problem affected students so strongly') explaining why the subject was surprised.
She was delighted because the team won the championship.
EN: In the UK academic system, a 'lecturer' corresponds roughly to an assistant or associate professor in the US, holding a permanent teaching and research post at universities like Cambridge.
EN: A noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as the direct object of the reporting verb 'explained'. Inside this clause, two independent clauses are joined by the coordinating conjunction 'but' to show contrast.
She admitted that exercise is difficult, but it is necessary for health.
EN: The modal verb 'can' expresses possibility ('it is possible that it becomes...'), followed by the base form verb 'become' and a predicate noun phrase 'a major obstacle'.
Stress can become a serious problem if ignored.
EN: The verb 'suggest' is followed here by a 'that'-noun clause functioning as the direct object, reporting the findings or implications of the study.
Recent research suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
EN: The structure 'make + object + complement (adjective)' means to cause something to become a certain state. Here, 'even' is an adverb used to emphasize the comparative adjective 'worse'.
Lack of sleep can make existing health problems even worse.
EN: In academic writing and journalism, verbs like 'suggest', 'indicate', or 'imply' are favored over 'prove' because scientific research aims to present evidence cautiously rather than make absolute claims.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
How well a student does in their school or university studies.
Two times greater in amount, degree, or number compared to something else.
A significant problem or hurdle that prevents progress.
To cause a repeating series of events or reactions that reinforce each other.