EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that describes the plural noun 'people'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'stop'.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾複數名詞「people」(人)的關係子句。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「stop」的主詞。
I like teachers who make learning fun.
我喜歡讓學習變得有趣的老師。
EN: Gerund after 'stop': The verb 'stop' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to mean ceasing or ending an activity. This contrasts with 'stop to do', which means pausing one activity in order to start another.
中文: 動詞「stop」後接動名詞:動詞「stop」後面接動名詞(V-ing),表示停止或結束某項活動。這與「stop to do」(停下手中的事去執行另一件事)不同。
He stopped smoking last year.
他去年戒菸了。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, lifelong learning is highly valued and often associated with personal growth, humility, and adaptability. Expressing admiration for those who continue to learn regardless of age is a common way to show respect for intellectual curiosity.
中文: 在英語系國家中,終身學習(lifelong learning)受到高度重視,通常與個人成長、謙遜和適應力聯繫在一起。對不分年齡、持續學習的人表達欽佩,是展現對求知欲尊重的一種常見方式。
EN: Subject Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes the noun 'doctor'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'helps'.
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用來引導一個修飾名詞「doctor」(醫生)的子句。在這個子句中,「who」擔任動詞「helps」的主詞。
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
我認識一位會說五種語言的老師。
EN: The + Adjective to Represent a Group: The construction 'the + adjective' (e.g., 'the poor') is used to refer to a specific group of people in society as a collective plural noun.
中文: 「the + 形容詞」表示特定群體:這種結構(例如「the poor」窮人)用來指代社會中的某個特定群體,在語法上視為複數名詞。
We should do more to help the elderly.
我們應該做更多來幫助老年人。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, discussing 'role models' is very common in school and professional settings to express personal values. Referring to 'the poor' is grammatically correct, though in modern social contexts, terms like 'people in need' or 'underprivileged communities' are sometimes preferred for greater sensitivity.
中文: 在英語系國家中,不論在學校或職場,討論「role models」(榜樣)來表達個人價值觀是非常常見的。雖然語法上使用「the poor」完全正確,但在現代社會語境中,有時人們會傾向使用「people in need」(有需要的人)或「underprivileged communities」(弱勢群體)等詞彙,以顯得更具同理心與敏感度。
EN: The past simple tense of the verb 'read' is spelled the same ('read') but pronounced differently (/rɛd/). It is used here to describe a completed action in the past.
中文: 動詞「read」(閱讀)的過去式拼法相同(read),但發音不同(發音為 /rɛd/)。此處用於描述過去已完成的動作。
I read an interesting article yesterday.
我昨天讀了一篇有趣的報導。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who climbed Everest') that modifies the noun 'woman'. 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」引導限定修飾關係子句(who climbed Everest),用來修飾先行詞名詞「woman」(女性)。「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
I met a man who speaks five languages.
我認識了一位會說五種語言的男子。
EN: Everest (Mount Everest) is the earth's highest mountain above sea level. Climbing it is globally recognized as a symbol of ultimate human endurance, courage, and achievement.
中文: 聖母峰(Mount Everest)是地球上海拔最高的山峰。在西方與全球文化中,攀登聖母峰常被視為人類極限耐力、勇氣與非凡成就的象徵。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes a person (the teacher). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'changed'.
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用來引導一個修飾人(the teacher)的子句。在這個子句中,「who」擔任動詞「changed」的主詞。
The doctor who treated me was very kind.
治療我的那位醫生非常親切。
EN: Past Simple Tense: Used to describe completed actions in the past. Here, 'changed' indicates a completed action that happened in the past, and 'was' indicates a past state.
中文: 簡單過去式:用於描述過去已完成的動作。在這裡,「changed」表示過去發生的既定事實,而「was」則表示過去的狀態。
The book that I read yesterday was interesting.
我昨天讀的那本書很有趣。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun ('stories'). In this sentence, 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that show real courage'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾非人名詞(如「stories」)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「that」在關係子句「that show real courage」中擔任主詞的角色。
I prefer movies that have a happy ending.
我比較喜歡有快樂結局的電影。
EN: The verb 'show' must agree with its subject. In the relative clause, 'that' refers back to the plural noun 'stories', so the plural verb form 'show' is used instead of 'shows'.
中文: 動詞「show」必須與其主詞保持單複數一致。在關係子句中,「that」代替的是複數名詞「stories」,因此動詞使用複數形式「show」而非單數形式「shows」。
She likes books that teach valuable lessons.
她喜歡教授寶貴教訓的書。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces possessive adjectives (like her, his, their) and is followed by a noun ('kindness' in this sentence) to introduce a relative clause that describes the person before it.
中文: 關係代名詞「whose」用於表示所有格(「誰的」)。它用來代替所有格形容詞(如 her、his、their),後面接名詞(在本句中為 kindness),以引導關係子句來修飾前面的人或物。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我遇到了一位其著作非常受歡迎的作家。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with singular indefinite pronouns: The pronoun 'everyone' is grammatically singular and takes a singular verb. Therefore, the verb 'inspire' adds an '-s' to become 'inspires'.
中文: 單數不定代名詞的主詞與動詞一致性:代名詞「everyone」(每個人)在語法上是單數,因此必須搭配單數動詞。所以動詞「inspire」要加上「-s」變成「inspires」。
EN: The subject of this sentence is modified by a relative clause 'who listens'. The relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, referring back to the singular noun 'A leader'. Therefore, the verb 'listens' must agree with the singular subject.
中文: 本句的主詞由關係子句「who listens」所修飾。關係代名詞「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,代替先行詞單數名詞「A leader」(一位領導者)。因此,動詞「listens」必須使用單數形以達到主詞動詞一致性。
A teacher who cares inspires students.
關懷學生的老師能啟發學生。
EN: The main verb of the sentence is 'earns', which is a transitive verb requiring a direct object. The subject is the entire noun phrase 'A leader who listens'. Since 'a leader' is singular, the main verb 'earns' takes the singular '-s' ending.
中文: 本句的主要動詞為「earns」(贏得),是一個需要直接受詞的及物動詞。主詞為整個名詞片語「A leader who listens」。由於「a leader」為單數,因此主要動詞「earns」須加上單數動詞字尾「-s」。
Hard work earns respect.
努力工作能贏得尊敬。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that influenced me most') which modifies the noun 'The book'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'influenced'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導一個限定修飾的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that influenced me most」,用來修飾先行詞「The book」(那本書)。在此子句中,「that」擔任動詞「influenced」的主詞。
The movie that inspired me to travel was filmed in Italy.
那部啟發我去旅行的電影是在義大利拍攝的。
EN: The adverb 'most' is used here as a superlative adverb meaning 'to the greatest degree' or 'extremely', modifying the verb 'influenced'.
中文: 副詞「most」在此處用作最高級副詞,表示「最、最大程度地」,用來修飾動詞「influenced」(影響)。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject pronoun to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that describes a person ('a man'). It cannot be omitted because it functions as the subject of the verb 'started' in the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」在此用作主格關係代名詞,引導一個形容詞子句(關係子句)來修飾先行詞「a man」(一位男子)。因為「who」在關係子句中擔任動詞「started」的主詞,所以在此處不能省略。
I know a girl who speaks four languages.
我認識一個會說四種語言的女孩。
EN: The simple past tense ('met', 'started') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past.
中文: 簡單過去式(如「met」和「started」)用於描述在過去特定時間已經完成的動作或狀態。
She bought a house that had a beautiful garden.
她買了一棟帶有漂亮花園的房子。
EN: The concept of a 'free library' can refer to public libraries, but in modern Western culture, it often evokes 'Little Free Libraries'—small, neighborhood-supported book exchange boxes where anyone can take a book or leave a book for free, promoting community literacy and sharing.
中文: 「free library」(免費圖書館)除了指一般的公立圖書館外,在現代西方文化中,也常讓人聯想到「微型免費圖書館」(Little Free Libraries)。這是一種由社區鄰里自發維護的小型木製書箱,任何人都可以免費拿取或分享書籍,旨在推廣社區閱讀與分享精神。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies the plural noun 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'give back'.
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用來引導修飾複數名詞「People」的關係子句。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「give back」的主詞。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力學習的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: The causative/resultative structure 'make + object + adjective': The verb 'make' can be followed by an object ('the world') and an adjective ('better') to describe a change in state or condition caused by the subject.
中文: 使役/結果結構「make + 受詞 + 形容詞」:動詞「make」後面可接受詞(the world)與形容詞(better),用來描述由主詞所引起的狀態或情況改變。
Music makes me happy.
音樂讓我感到快樂。
EN: The phrase 'give back' is a deeply rooted concept in English-speaking cultures, particularly in the US and UK. It refers to the act of helping others or donating to charity as a way of showing gratitude for one's own success or good fortune.
中文: 片語「give back」(回饋)在英語系國家(特別是美英兩國)是一個根深蒂固的文化概念。它指的是透過幫助他人或向慈善機構捐款,來對自己所獲得的成功或好運表示感激。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as the subject of the relative clause 'who support us' to describe the preceding noun (antecedent) 'The friends'. Since 'friends' is plural, the verb 'support' in the relative clause must also be plural.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」在關係子句「who support us」中擔任主詞,用來修飾先行詞(前面的名詞)「The friends」。因為「friends」是複數,所以關係子句中的動詞「support」也必須使用複數形式。
The people who live next door are very friendly.
住在隔壁的人們非常友善。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Intervening Clauses: When a relative clause separates the subject ('The friends') from the main verb ('are'), the main verb must still agree in number with the subject, not with any noun inside the relative clause.
中文: 主詞與動詞的一致性(受干擾子句影響):當關係子句將主詞(The friends)與主要動詞(are)隔開時,主要動詞的單複數仍必須與主詞保持一致,而不是與關係子句中的任何名詞一致。
The books that I borrowed from the library are overdue.
我從圖書館借的那幾本書已經過期了。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, referring to someone as a 'treasure' is a high compliment, expressing deep gratitude and affection. It implies that the person is rare, valuable, and cherished.
中文: 在英語系國家中,將某人形容為「treasure」(寶藏)是極高的讚美,表達了深切的感激與愛護之情。這意味著該人在說話者心中是稀有、珍貴且被好好珍視的。
EN: The word 'those' is used as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the people'. It is commonly followed by a relative clause (with 'who' or 'whom' omitted) to describe a specific group of people.
中文: 代名詞「those」在此處用作指示代名詞,意思是「那些人」。它後面通常會接一個關係子句(此處省略了關係代名詞 who 或 whom)來修飾並限定是怎樣的一群人。
Heaven helps those who help themselves.
天助自助者(上天幫助那些幫助自己的人)。
EN: The verb 'become' is a linking verb (copula) that connects the subject to a subject complement (noun, adjective, or prepositional phrase like 'like those...') to describe a change in state or identity.
中文: 動詞「become」(變成/成為)是一個連繫動詞(linking verb),用來連接主詞與主詞補語(可以是名詞、形容詞或像「like those...」這樣的介系詞片語),用以描述狀態或身分的轉變。
EN: This sentence reflects a common psychological and philosophical belief in Western culture (and globally) that we are shaped by our role models. It emphasizes the importance of choosing who we look up to, as emulation is a natural part of personal growth.
中文: 這句話反映了西方文化(以及全球通用)中常見的心理學與哲學觀點:我們會受到自己榜樣的塑造。它強調了選擇崇拜對象的重要性,因為模仿是個人成長中非常自然的一部分。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns: Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', 'no one', and 'everybody' are grammatically singular and require singular verbs (e.g., 'has' instead of 'have').
中文: 不定代名詞的主詞與動詞一致性:像 'everyone'(每個人)、'someone'(某個人)、'no one'(沒有人)等不定代名詞在語法上視為單數,因此必須搭配單數動詞(例如使用 'has' 而非 'have')。
Everyone wants to succeed in life.
每個人都想在人生中獲得成功。
EN: Relative Clauses with 'Who': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun. 'Who' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to people, acting as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 使用 'who' 的關係子句:關係子句用於提供關於名詞的更多資訊。'who' 作為關係代名詞用來指代「人」,並在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
我認識一位會說五種語言的老師。
EN: Defining Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the person'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who inspires me most'.
中文: 限定關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用來引導一個修飾人的子句(在此句中修飾「the person」)。它在關係子句「who inspires me most」中擔任主詞的角色。
The teacher who helped me with my essay was very kind.
幫助我寫作文的那位老師非常親切。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Pronouns: When 'who' refers to a singular noun ('the person'), the verb that follows it in the relative clause must also be singular ('inspires').
中文: 關係代名詞的主詞與動詞一致性:當「who」代替單數名詞(the person)時,關係子句中接在其後的動詞也必須使用單數動詞(inspires)。
The student who studies hard usually gets good grades.
努力讀書的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, expressing gratitude and admiration for family members, especially grandparents, is very common in personal essays and speaking tests (like IELTS). It shows warmth and personal connection.
中文: 在英語系國家的文化中,在個人隨筆或口說測試(如雅思)中表達對家人(特別是祖父母)的感激與崇拜是非常常見的。這能展現出溫暖與人際間的緊密連結。
EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies the preceding noun ('a woman'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'gave up'.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾先行詞(此處為「a woman」)的關係子句。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「gave up」的主詞。
He is a teacher who inspires many students.
他是一位啟發了許多學生的老師。
EN: Phrasal Verb 'give up': A common phrasal verb meaning to stop making an effort or to resign oneself to failure. In the past tense, it becomes 'gave up'.
中文: 片語動詞「give up」:意為停止努力或放棄。過去式為「gave up」。
She never gave up on her dream of becoming a writer.
她從未放棄成為作家的夢想。
EN: The phrasal verb 'grow up' means to gradually become an adult. Since this refers to a completed action in the past, the past simple form 'grew up' is used.
中文: 片語動詞「grow up」意為「長大、成長」。因為這指的是過去已經完成的動作,所以使用簡單過去式「grew up」。
He grew up in a small town near the ocean.
他在靠近海洋的一個小鎮長大。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that had little money or hope') to describe and give essential information about the noun 'village'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導限定修飾的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that had little money or hope」,用來修飾並提供先行詞「village」(村莊)的必要資訊。
They live in a house that has a beautiful garden.
他們住在一棟擁有美麗花園的房子裡。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who knew her') that modifies the subject 'People'. This clause specifies which people we are talking about.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」引導一個限定修飾的關係子句(who knew her),用來修飾主詞「People」(人們),明確指出是指「哪些人」。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力學習的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: The nominal relative pronoun 'what' functions as 'the thing(s) that' and introduces a noun clause ('what she had') acting as the direct object of the verb 'shared'.
中文: 複合關係代名詞「what」相當於「the thing(s) that」(所...的事物),在此引導名詞子句(what she had),作為動詞「shared」的直接受詞。
He always says what he thinks.
他總是想說什麼就說什麼(說出他所想的事情)。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'her', 'his', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it.
中文: 關係代名詞「whose」用來表示所有格(…的)。它取代了所有格形容詞(如 her, his, their),並引導一個關係子句來修飾先行詞(在此句中為 someone)。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我認識了一位書很受歡迎的作家。
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express ability or possibility in a hypothetical or descriptive sense, adding a soft, poetic tone to the description.
中文: 情態助動詞「could」在此處用於表達假設或描述性語境中的能力或可能性,為句子增添了一種溫和、詩意的語氣。
She has a voice that could soothe any crying baby.
她擁有一個能安撫任何哭鬧嬰兒的嗓音。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that she taught me') which modifies the noun 'lessons'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'taught'. When the relative pronoun serves as an object in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導一個限定修飾關係子句(that she taught me),用來修飾先行詞「lessons」(道理/教訓)。在此子句中,「that」作為動詞「taught」的直接受格。當關係代名詞在關係子句中擔任受格時,通常可以省略。
The book that you lent me was very inspiring.
你借給我的那本書非常具有啟發性。
EN: The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action or situation that continues to the present time. It is typically positioned before the main verb (in this case, 'guide') but after the auxiliary verb or verb 'to be'.
中文: 副詞「still」(仍然、至今)用於描述一個持續到現在的時間或狀態。它通常放在一般動詞(在此句中為「guide」)之前,但放在助動詞或 be 動詞之後。
I still remember the advice my father gave me.
我仍然記得我父親給我的建議。
EN: The phrasal verb 'believe in' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing belief in the value or efficacy of doing something. Here, 'helping' acts as the object of the preposition 'in'.
中文: 動詞片語「believe in」(相信、信仰)後面接動名詞(V-ing)時,表示相信做某件事的價值或好處。在此處,「helping」作為介係詞「in」的受詞。
He believes in exercising every morning.
他相信每天早上運動的好處。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who are in need') that modifies the pronoun 'others'. 'In need' is an idiomatic prepositional phrase meaning 'requiring help or financial support'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」引導限定修飾的關係子句(who are in need),用來修飾代名詞「others」(其他人)。「in need」是一個慣用的介係詞片語,意思是「有需要、處於困境中」。
We should support local businesses that are in need.
我們應該支持有需要的在地商家。
EN: The infinitive 'to become' is used as the direct object of the verb 'want' to express a desire or goal. The pattern is 'want + to-infinitive'.
中文: 不定詞「to become」(成為)在此作為動詞「want」(想要)的直接受詞,用來表達願望或目標。句型結構為「want + 不定詞」。
She wants to learn how to play the piano.
她想要學習如何彈鋼琴。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause (relative clause) 'who makes a real difference' to modify the antecedent noun 'person'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'makes'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」引導形容詞子句(關係子句)「who makes a real difference」來修飾先行詞名詞「person」(人)。因為「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,所以後面直接接動詞「makes」。
I like teachers who make learning fun.
我喜歡讓學習變得有趣的老師。
EN: The phrase 'make a difference' is a very common and positive expression in English-speaking cultures. It refers to having a significant, beneficial effect on a person, group, or situation, often associated with community service, philanthropy, or personal drive.
中文: 片語「make a difference」在英語系國家是非常常見且積極的表達方式。它指的是對某人、群體或處境產生重大且有益的影響,通常與社區服務、慈善活動或個人抱負相關。
EN: Partial negation with 'not always': When 'not' is paired with 'always', it means 'sometimes yes and sometimes no' (not 100% of the time), rather than 'never'.
中文: 部分否定用法(not always):當否定詞「not」與「always」(總是)連用時,表示「並非總是如此」(有時是,有時不是),而不是完全否定(從不)。
Rich people are not always happy.
有錢人並不總是快樂的。
EN: Subject relative clause with 'who': The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a relative clause ('who appear on the news') that describes the preceding plural noun 'people'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'appear'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」引導的主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」用來引導關係子句(who appear on the news),修飾先行詞「people」(人)。因為「who」在子句中擔任主詞,所以後面直接接動詞「appear」。
I like teachers who make learning fun.
我喜歡讓學習變得有趣的老師。
EN: This sentence reflects a common modern sentiment in English-speaking cultures: redefining 'heroes' from traditional, famous figures (like celebrities or politicians on TV) to everyday, unsung heroes (like healthcare workers, teachers, or kind neighbors) who make a difference quietly.
中文: 這句話反映了英語系國家現代常見的一種價值觀:重新定義「英雄」。人們不再只將英雄局限於電視新聞上的名人或政治人物,而是延伸到日常生活中默默奉獻的無名英雄(如醫護人員、教師或善良的鄰居)。
EN: The use of 'who' as a subject relative pronoun to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies the plural pronoun 'ones' (referring to people).
中文: 使用關係代名詞「who」作為主格,引導關係子句(形容詞子句)來修飾代名詞「ones」(指代人)。
They are the students who won the competition.
他們是贏得比賽的那些學生。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without limit' functions as an adverbial modifier, meaning endlessly or unconditionally.
中文: 介係詞片語「without limit」在此作副詞修飾語,表示「無限地」或「無保留地」。
She supports her children without limit.
她無限制地支持她的孩子們。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'the quiet ones' often refers to introverted or unsung heroes—people who do not seek attention or fame but make a deep impact through their consistent, quiet actions and love.
中文: 在英語系國家文化中,「the quiet ones」(安靜的人們)常指那些性格內斂或默默無聞的英雄。他們不尋求關注或名聲,而是透過持續、默默的行動與愛,對世界產生深遠的影響。
EN: The adjective phrase 'be grateful for' is used to express thankfulness towards someone or something. It is followed by a noun or pronoun.
中文: 形容詞片語「be grateful for」(對……表示感激)用於表達對某人或某事的感謝,後面接名詞或代名詞。
She is grateful for the opportunity to study abroad.
她很感激有出國深造的機會。
EN: The relative clause 'who has shaped...' uses the relative pronoun 'who' to describe 'everyone'. Inside this clause, 'who I am' is a noun clause acting as the object of 'shaped', representing one's character or identity.
中文: 關係子句「who has shaped...」使用關係代名詞「who」來修飾先行詞「everyone」(每個人)。在此子句中,「who I am」(我是誰/今天的我)是一個名詞子句,作為動詞「shaped」(塑造)的受詞,代表一個人的性格或身分認同。
My family made me who I am today.
我的家人塑造了今天的我。
EN: In English-speaking cultures, expressing gratitude for the people who have influenced one's personal growth (such as teachers, mentors, family, and friends) is highly valued. The phrase 'who I am' emphasizes identity and personal development, reflecting an individualistic culture that still deeply appreciates community support.
中文: 在英語系國家中,人們非常重視對影響自身成長的人(如老師、導師、家人和朋友)表達感激之情。「who I am」(我是誰/今天的我)這個片語強調了個人認同與自我成長,反映出在重視個人主義的文化中,依然深切感激群體與他人的支持。
EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a relative clause ('who inspires you') that modifies the noun 'the person'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'inspires'.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」引導一個關係子句(who inspires you)來修飾名詞「the person」(那個人)。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「inspires」的主詞。
I know the teacher who teaches English.
我認識那位教英文的老師。
EN: Direct Address: Placing a comma before a person's name at the end of a sentence (e.g., ', Emma') indicates that the speaker is addressing that person directly.
中文: 直接稱呼:在句子末尾的人名前面加上逗號(例如「, Emma」),表示說話者正在直接稱呼該對象。
How are you feeling today, Sarah?
莎拉,妳今天感覺怎麼樣?
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession, indicating that the noun following it ('books') belongs to the noun preceding it ('a writer'). It functions as 'whose + noun' to connect two clauses.
中文: 關係代名詞「whose」用於表示所有格,表示其後接的名詞(books)屬於其前的名詞(a writer)。它以「whose + 名詞」的結構來連接兩個子句。
I met a woman whose daughter is a famous pianist.
我認識了一位女兒是著名鋼琴家的女士。
EN: The 'It is + noun + relative clause' structure is often used for emphasis or to identify a specific person or thing in response to a question.
中文: 「It is + 名詞 + 關係子句」的結構常用於強調,或在回答問題時用來明確指出某個特定的人或事物。
It is a movie that makes everyone cry.
那是一部讓每個人都落淚的電影。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (also known as an adjective clause) that describes a person or people (in this case, 'athletes'). The relative pronoun acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句(又稱形容詞子句),用來修飾前面的人或人群(在此句中為「athletes」)。在此關係子句中,「who」擔任主詞的角色。
I respect teachers who inspire their students.
我尊敬那些啟發學生的老師。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'with discipline' functions as an adverbial modifier, describing how the athletes train. 'With' is often paired with abstract nouns to express the manner in which an action is performed.
中文: 介係詞片語「with discipline」(以自律、有紀律地)在此作為副詞修飾語,用來描述運動員如何進行訓練。介係詞「with」經常與抽象名詞連用,用來表示進行某動作時的方式或態度。
She speaks with confidence during her presentations.
她在簡報時說話很有自信。
EN: In Western sports culture, 'discipline' is highly revered, often valued as much as or more than natural talent. The phrase 'train with discipline' reflects the cultural appreciation for hard work, consistency, and self-control in achieving personal goals.
中文: 在西方體育文化中,「discipline」(自律、紀律)受到高度推崇,其重要性往往被認為不亞於甚至高於天賦。片語「train with discipline」反映了文化中對於透過努力、持之以恆與自我控制來達成個人目標的讚賞。
EN: Subject Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes the noun 'friend'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'helped'. This structure allows us to combine two ideas: 'The friend is Sarah' and 'The friend helped me most'.
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用來引導一個修飾名詞「friend」(朋友)的子句。在這個子句中,「who」充當動詞「helped」的主詞。這種結構讓我們能將兩個想法結合:「這個朋友是莎拉」和「這個朋友對我幫助最大」。
The teacher who inspired me most was Mr. Wang.
最啟發我的老師是王先生。
EN: Superlative Adverb: 'Most' is used here as a superlative adverb modifying the verb 'helped', meaning 'to the greatest degree or extent'.
中文: 最高級副詞:「most」在此處作為最高級副詞,用來修飾動詞「helped」,表示「最大程度地」或「最」。
She is the person who supports me most.
她是最支持我的人。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who stands up for others') that modifies the indefinite pronoun 'anyone'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾關係子句(who stands up for others),用來修飾不定代名詞「anyone」。在此子句中,「who」擔任主詞的角色。
I want to help anyone who is in trouble.
我想幫助任何有困難的人。
EN: The phrasal verb 'stand up for' means to defend or support a particular person or group, especially when they are being criticized or treated unfairly.
中文: 片語動詞「stand up for」意為「支持、維護、為…挺身而出」,特別是當該人或群體受到批評或不公平對待時。
You must stand up for your rights.
你必須捍衛自己的權利。
EN: The phrase 'stand up for others' reflects a highly valued social trait in English-speaking cultures: moral courage and active allyship. It emphasizes the importance of defending those who may not have a voice or the power to defend themselves.
中文: 片語「stand up for others」反映了英語系國家中備受推崇的社會特質:道德勇氣與積極的盟友關係。它強調了為那些可能無法發聲或無力自衛的人挺身而出的重要性。
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces possessive adjectives (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and is followed immediately by a noun ('passion' in this sentence) without an article.
中文: 關係代名詞「whose」用於表示所有格(…的)。它用來代替所有格形容詞(如 his、her、their),且後面必須直接接一個名詞(本句中為 passion),該名詞前不加冠詞。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我認識了一位書很受歡迎的作家。
EN: The main subject of the sentence is 'A teacher' (singular), which takes the singular verb 'motivates'. The relative clause 'whose passion is real' acts as an adjective modifying 'A teacher'.
中文: 本句的主詞是單數的「A teacher」,因此搭配單數動詞「motivates」。關係子句「whose passion is real」作為形容詞子句,用來修飾主詞「A teacher」。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as the subject of the relative clause ('who care about the planet') to describe the preceding noun (the antecedent 'leaders'). Since 'leaders' is plural, the verb 'care' is also in the plural form.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」在關係子句(who care about the planet)中擔任主詞,用來修飾先行詞(前面的名詞)「leaders」。因為「leaders」是複數,所以關係子句中的動詞「care」也使用複數動詞形式。
I know a teacher who speaks four languages.
我認識一位會說四種語言的老師。
EN: Phrasal Verb 'care about': This phrase means to feel that something is important and to be concerned about it. It is followed by a noun or pronoun as its object.
中文: 片語動詞「care about」:這個片語意思是「關心」或「在乎」某事,覺得某事很重要。後面接名詞或代名詞作為受詞。
He doesn't seem to care about money.
他似乎不在乎錢。
EN: In modern English-speaking cultures, environmental awareness and sustainability ('caring about the planet') are highly valued leadership traits, especially among younger generations. This sentence reflects a contemporary social value.
中文: 在現代英語系國家中,環保意識與永續發展(caring about the planet)被視為非常重要的領導特質,特別是在年輕一代中。這句話反映了當代的社會價值觀。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who stay humble') that describes the subject 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'stay'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾的關係子句(「who stay humble」),用來修飾主詞「People」(人們)。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「stay」的主詞。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力學習的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: The verb 'stay' is a linking verb (copula) here, meaning 'to continue to be in a particular state'. It is followed by the adjective 'humble' as a subject complement.
中文: 動詞「stay」在此處作為連繫動詞,意思是「保持某種狀態」。其後接形容詞「humble」(謙遜的)作為主詞補語。
Please stay calm during the meeting.
會議期間請保持冷靜。
EN: In many English-speaking cultures, humility is highly valued in leaders and peers, contrasting with self-promotion. Expressing respect for 'humble' people aligns with a social code that values quiet confidence over boasting.
中文: 在許多英語系國家中,人們非常看重領導者與同儕身上「謙遜」的特質,這與過度自我宣傳形成對比。對「謙遜的人」表達敬意,符合了重視「內斂自信」而非「自誇吹噓」的社會價值觀。
EN: The pronoun 'those' is often used as a plural noun meaning 'the people'. It is frequently followed by a relative clause (starting with 'who') to define or describe the specific group of people being referred to.
中文: 代名詞「those」常用作複數名詞,意思是「那些人」。它後面經常接一個由「who」引導的關係子句(形容詞子句),用來定義或描述所指的特定人群。
We should support those who are in need.
我們應該幫助那些有需要的人。
EN: The modal verb 'should' is used to express duty, obligation, or a strong recommendation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'thank').
中文: 情態助動詞「should」用於表示義務、職責或強烈建議。其後接動詞原形(在此句中為「thank」)。
We should respect our elders.
我們應該尊重長輩。
EN: Subject complement with 'someone': The pronoun 'someone' is used as a subject complement after the linking verb 'is' to define or describe the subject 'A true hero'.
中文: 使用 'someone' 作為主詞補語:代名詞 'someone'(某人/那種人)在連繫動詞 'is' 後面擔任主詞補語,用來定義或描述主詞 'A true hero'(真正的英雄)。
A good friend is someone who always listens.
好朋友是個總是傾聽的人。
EN: Subject relative clause with 'who': The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause ('who never gives up') that modifies the preceding pronoun 'someone'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject.
中文: 使用 'who' 的主格關係子句:關係代名詞 'who' 引導一個形容詞子句(關係子句)'who never gives up',用來修飾先行詞 'someone'。在此子句中,'who' 擔任主詞的角色。
I like people who tell the truth.
我喜歡說實話的人。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 欽佩、欣賞,對某人的行為或品質表示讚賞
在本文中: 勇氣、膽量,面對困難或危險時的無畏精神
在本文中: 鼓舞、激勵,啟發某人的靈感或動力
在本文中: 影響,對某人的思想或行為產生深遠作用
在本文中: 珍寶、極為珍貴的人或物
在本文中: 指引、導向,引導某人的行為或決定
在本文中: 感激的、表示感謝的
在本文中: 自律、紀律,自我控制的能力
在本文中: 熱情、激情,對某事物的強烈喜愛
在本文中: 謙遜的、謙虛的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To provide help or financial support to one's community or society in return for one's own success or good fortune.
回饋(社會、社區)
To stop making an effort; to resign oneself to failure.
放棄、認輸
To have a significant effect on a person or situation, usually for the better.
產生影響、發揮作用、帶來改變
To defend or support a particular idea, group, or person, especially when they are being criticized or attacked.
挺身維護、支持、為…說話