To join a fight, competition, or argument that has already started.
加入爭執、參與競爭或投入戰鬥。
解釋: 「Fray」原指磨損或吵鬧的爭鬥。此成語常用於描述某人決定參與一個已經白熱化的辯論、政治鬥爭或競爭環境。
範例: After months of silence, the former senator decided to enter the fray and address the controversial new policy.
An environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.
同溫層、回聲室效應。
解釋: 這是一個現代社會學與政治學常用的詞彙,描述在社群媒體上,人們只聽見與自己立場相近的聲音,導致觀點變得極端且封閉。
範例: Social media algorithms often create an echo chamber, making it difficult for users to see opposing viewpoints.
To be important or influential; to have a significant effect on a situation.
具有份量、有影響力、舉足輕重。
解釋: 「Weight」在此象徵影響力。如果一個意見或決定「carry weight」,表示它會被認真對待並產生實質結果。
範例: In this local community, the opinions of the elders still carry a lot of weight.
Political or social activity that starts from the local level among ordinary people.
基層參與、草根性的投入。
解釋: 「Grassroots」指社會的最底層或最基礎的民眾。這種參與強調由下而上(bottom-up)而非由政府主導的推動方式。
範例: The success of the environmental campaign was due to strong grassroots engagement in small towns.
Done with honest intentions and without any attempt to deceive.
真誠地、誠心誠意地、基於信用地。
解釋: 這是一個法律和正式溝通中常見的片語,指雙方在沒有欺瞞意圖的情況下進行協商或行動。
範例: Both parties entered the negotiations in good faith, hoping to reach a fair compromise.
The capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices within a political system.
政治能動性 / 政治主體性
解釋: 在日常英語中,「agency」通常指「代理機構」(如:travel agency 旅遊代辦處)。但在政治學與社會學中,它指的是個人在社會結構中採取行動、發揮影響力的「能力」或「主體性」。
範例: The youth movement demonstrated significant political agency by organizing the nationwide protest.
The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.
投票率
解釋: 「Turnout」在一般語境下可指「出席人數」或「產量」。在政治領域,它是一個專有名詞,特指符合資格的選民中,實際參與投票的人數比例。
範例: Low voter turnout can lead to results that do not reflect the will of the majority.
An environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.
同溫層 / 迴聲室效應
解釋: 「Chamber」原意是「房間」或「室」。在數位媒體語境下,它形容一種封閉的資訊環境,演算法讓使用者只看到自己認同的觀點,就像在一個房間裡只聽得到自己的回聲。
範例: Social media algorithms often trap users in echo chambers, making compromise difficult.
A form of informal public meeting where politicians or officials hear from their constituents.
市政廳會議 / 民意聽證會
解釋: 「Town hall」字面上是「鎮公所」或「市政廳」建築。但在民主政治中,它指的是一種特定的「公開會議」形式,官員在此直接面對民眾提問,是基層民主的重要象徵。
範例: The senator held a town hall to discuss the new healthcare bill with local residents.
Legal or public disagreements over how land in a specific area is allowed to be used (e.g., residential vs. commercial).
土地分區管制爭議
解釋: 「Zoning」是都市計畫的專有名詞,指政府將土地劃分為不同「區塊」(zones)並規定其用途。這並非指一般的「區域」,而是具有法律約束力的土地利用規劃。
範例: The neighborhood was divided by zoning disputes over whether to allow a high-rise apartment building.
Sincere intent to be honest, fair, and open in negotiations or discussions, without any attempt to deceive.
誠信 / 善意
解釋: 「Faith」通常指「信仰」。但在法律與政治協商中,「in good faith」是一個專有的法律術語(源自拉丁語 bona fides),指雙方皆抱持誠意、無意欺瞞地進行談判。
範例: Both parties must negotiate in good faith to reach a lasting peace agreement.