EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'where' is used as a relative adverb to introduce additional information about a specific place (the research headquarters). It is preceded by a comma, indicating that the information is supplementary rather than essential to identify the location.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：單字「where」作為關係副詞，用來引導關於特定地點（研究總部）的補充資訊。前面加上逗號，表示這項資訊是補充性的，而非辨識該地點所必需的。
He moved to London, where he found a job in a bank.
他搬到了倫敦，在那裡他在一家銀行找到了工作。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers: 'At the research headquarters' and 'of Amnesty International' act as modifiers to provide specific details about the location and ownership of the workplace.
中文： 介系詞片語作為修飾語：「At the research headquarters」與「of Amnesty International」作為修飾語，提供關於工作地點位置與所屬單位的具體細節。
The manager of the company works at the main office.
該公司的經理在總辦公室工作。
EN： Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Rowling's experience there significantly influenced her world view and her writing, particularly themes of justice and empathy in the Harry Potter series.
中文： 國際特赦組織是一個專注於人權的全球性非政府組織。羅琳在那裡的經歷顯著影響了她的世界觀和寫作，特別是《哈利波特》系列中關於正義與同理心的主題。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or point in time in the past. In this sentence, the mothers 'had lost' their children before Rowling 'heard' the recordings.
中文： 過去完成式 (had + 過去分詞) 用於描述在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，母親們「失去」孩子發生在羅琳「聽取」錄音之前。
By the time the police arrived, the thief had already escaped.
當警察到達時，小偷已經逃跑了。
EN： A Relative Clause starting with 'who' provides more information about a person (the mothers). Here, it acts as an adjective to specify which mothers are being discussed.
中文： 以 'who' 開頭的關係子句用於提供關於某人（此處指母親們）的更多資訊。它在此處充當形容詞，用來明確說明正在討論的是哪些母親。
I met a woman who works for the United Nations.
我遇到了一位在聯合國工作的女性。
EN： The sentence refers to Rowling's real-life experience working for Amnesty International, an organization that advocates for human rights. 'Smuggled letters' highlights the extreme risks people took to report human rights abuses from oppressive regimes.
中文： 這句話提到了羅琳在國際特赦組織工作的真實經歷，該組織致力於維護人權。「走私的信件」凸顯了人們為了舉報壓迫政權下的人權侵害而冒著極大的風險。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, creating a contrast between the negative aspects (evil and cruelty) and the positive aspect (helping others).
中文： 對等連接詞「but」用於連接兩個獨立子句，在負面面向（邪惡與殘酷）與正面面向（幫助他人）之間建立對比。
The weather was cold, but the sun was shining brightly.
天氣很冷，但陽光依然燦爛。
EN： The verb 'see' is a verb of perception. When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it emphasizes an action in progress or a scene being witnessed.
中文： 動詞「see」是感官動詞。當後面接賓語（受詞）和現在分詞（V-ing）時，強調正在進行的動作或目擊到的場景。
I saw him walking across the street.
我看見他正走過馬路。
EN： Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Rowling's experience there significantly influenced her perspective on empathy and the choice between what is right and what is easy, themes prevalent in her writing.
中文： 國際特赦組織是一個關注人權的全球性非政府組織。羅琳在那裡的經歷深刻影響了她對同理心的看法，以及在「正確的事」與「容易的事」之間做選擇的思考，這些主題在她的作品中隨處可見。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The phrase starting with 'what' acts as the direct object of the verb 'witnessed'. It follows the structure 'what + subject + verb', functioning as a noun in the sentence.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：由 'what' 引導的子句在動詞 'witnessed' 後擔任直接受詞。其結構為「what + 主詞 + 動詞」，在句中具有名詞的功能。
I don't know what he wants to achieve.
我不知道他想要達成什麼。
EN： Relative Clause with Omitted Relative Pronoun: The phrase 'they have never even met' is a relative clause modifying 'those'. The relative pronoun 'whom' or 'that' is omitted because it serves as the object of the verb 'met'.
中文： 省略關係代名詞的關係子句：'they have never even met' 是一個修飾 'those' 的關係子句。由於關係代名詞在子句中擔任動詞 'met' 的受詞，因此常將 'whom' 或 'that' 省略。
The people I work with are very professional.
與我共事的人都非常專業。
EN： This sentence reflects the core values of Amnesty International, an organization focused on human rights. It highlights the concept of 'altruism'—helping others without expecting anything in return, even when the recipients are complete strangers.
中文： 這句話反映了「國際特赦組織」的核心價值，該組織致力於人權保護。它強調了「利他主義」的概念，即在不求回報的情況下幫助他人，即便對方是完全陌生的人。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'not only... but also...' is used to connect two parallel words, phrases, or clauses, emphasizing that both parts are true.
中文： 對等連接詞「not only... but also...」（不僅……而且……）用於連接兩個對等的單字、短語或子句，強調兩者皆為事實。
He is not only a talented musician but also a brilliant painter.
他不僅是一位有才華的音樂家，也是一位出色的畫家。
EN： Noun clauses starting with 'that' function as the object of a verb (like 'argued') to report a statement or belief.
中文： 由「that」引導的名詞子句作為動詞（如「argued」）的受詞，用來陳述一個觀點或信念。
She believes that education can change the world.
她相信教育可以改變世界。
EN： In this context, Rowling redefines 'imagination' from a purely creative tool to a moral necessity. This reflects her background working for Amnesty International, where she learned that the ability to imagine someone else's pain is the first step toward social justice.
中文： 在此語境下，羅琳將「想像力」從單純的創意工具重新定義為一種道德上的必要性。這反映了她在國際特赦組織工作的背景，她在那裡體會到：能夠想像他人的痛苦是邁向社會正義的第一步。
EN： The verb 'allow' is commonly used in the pattern 'allow + object + to-infinitive' to express that someone or something makes it possible for another person to do something.
中文： 動詞「allow」常用於「allow + 受詞 + 不定詞 (to V)」的句型，用來表達某人或某事使另一人能夠做某事。
The new law allows citizens to vote online.
新法律讓公民能夠在網上投票。
EN： A relative clause starting with 'that' is used here to provide essential information about the noun 'experiences'. It functions as an adjective to define which experiences are being discussed.
中文： 此處使用由「that」引導的關係子句來提供關於名詞「experiences」的必要資訊。它的功能如同形容詞，用來界定正在討論的是哪些體驗。
I want to buy the book that you recommended yesterday.
我想買你昨天推薦的那本書。
EN： In this context, 'gift' refers to an innate human ability (imagination/empathy) rather than a physical present. Rowling emphasizes that empathy is what distinguishes humans from other species.
中文： 在此語境中，「gift」指的是人類天生具備的能力（想像力/同理心），而非實體禮物。羅琳強調，同理心是人類區別於其他物種的關鍵特質。
EN： The verb 'prefer' is used to express a choice or liking of one thing over another. When followed by an infinitive (to + verb), it indicates a specific preference in a particular situation.
中文： 動詞 'prefer' 用於表達對某事物的偏好。當後面接不定詞（to + 動詞）時，通常表示在特定情況下的具體偏好。
I prefer to stay home and read on rainy days.
在下雨天，我更喜歡待在家裡看書。
EN： Parallel structure with the conjunction 'and' connects two infinitive phrases ('to ignore...' and '[to] refuse...'). In this sentence, the second 'to' is omitted for conciseness, which is common when the subject remains the same.
中文： 使用對等連接詞 'and' 連接兩個不定詞短語（'to ignore...' 與 '[to] refuse...'）形成平行結構。在此句中，為了簡潔省略了第二個 'to'，這在主詞相同時很常見。
She likes to swim in the ocean and surf the waves.
她喜歡在大海裡游泳和衝浪。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in social justice discourse: the concept of 'willful ignorance.' It suggests that ignoring the plight of others is not a passive act but a choice that carries moral weight.
中文： 這句話反映了社會正義論述中的一個常見主題：「刻意忽視」的概念。它暗示忽視他人的困境並非被動行為，而是一種帶有道德重量的選擇。
EN： The structure 'describe A as B' is used to define or characterize someone or something in a specific way.
中文： 「describe A as B」結構用於將某人或某事以特定方式定義或描述為某種特質。
The critics described the new movie as a masterpiece of modern cinema.
影評人將這部新電影描述為現代電影的傑作。
EN： A relative clause starting with 'that' is used here as an adjective to provide more information about the noun 'moral failure'.
中文： 此處使用由「that」引導的關係子句作為形容詞，用來提供關於名詞「道德失敗（moral failure）」的更多資訊。
He made a decision that changed his entire life.
他做了一個改變他一生的決定。
EN： In this context, Rowling is addressing the concept of empathy. 'Willful blindness' is a powerful term used in ethics and law to describe a situation where a person intentionally avoids acknowledging a painful or problematic truth to escape responsibility.
中文： 在此背景下，羅琳正在探討「同理心」的概念。「刻意的視而不見（Willful blindness）」是一個在倫理學和法律中非常有力的術語，用來描述一個人為了逃避責任，而刻意避免去承認痛苦或有問題的事實。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible situations in the future. It follows the structure: 'If + present simple, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一類型條件句（First Conditional）用於討論未來可能發生的真實情況。結構為：「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原形」。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on behalf of' means representing someone or for the benefit of a particular group.
中文： 介係詞短語「on behalf of」意為「代表某人」或「為了某個群體的利益」。
The lawyer spoke on behalf of the victim.
律師代表受害者發言。
EN： The term 'the voiceless' refers to marginalized groups in society who lack the power or opportunity to speak for themselves, such as victims of human rights abuses, which aligns with Rowling's work at Amnesty International.
中文： 「the voiceless」（無法發聲的人）指的是社會中缺乏權力或機會為自己發聲的邊緣群體，例如人權受侵害者，這與羅琳在「國際特赦組織」的工作經歷相呼應。
EN： The use of a semicolon (;) to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. It acts as a bridge between two complete sentences without using a coordinating conjunction like 'and' or 'but'.
中文： 分號 (;) 的用法是用來連接兩個在思想上緊密相關的獨立子句。它在不使用連接詞（如 and 或 but）的情況下，作為兩個完整句子之間的橋樑。
Success is not final; failure is not fatal.
成功不是終點；失敗也並非致命。
EN： The use of a relative clause (adjective clause) where the relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted. In 'the power (that) we need', 'we need' modifies 'the power'.
中文： 關係子句（形容詞子句）中省略關係代名詞（如 that 或 which）的用法。在 'the power (that) we need' 中，'we need' 修飾前面的先行詞 'the power'。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： This quote is from J.K. Rowling's 2008 Harvard commencement speech. It reflects her belief that human empathy and collective action are more powerful than any supernatural force. It emphasizes personal agency and social responsibility.
中文： 這段話出自羅琳 2008 年在哈佛大學畢業典禮上的演講。它反映了她的信念：人類的同理心與集體行動比任何超自然力量都更強大。這句話強調了個人能動性與社會責任感。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 調查、研究（某事物的真相或細節）
在本文中： 走私的、秘密攜帶的
在本文中： 目擊、親眼看見
在本文中： 產生共鳴、同理（他人的感受）
在本文中： 承認、認可（某事物的存在或真實性）
在本文中： 故意的、任性的
在本文中： 影響力
在本文中： 改變、轉化（通常指徹底的改觀）
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
representing or for the benefit of someone else
代表、為了...的利益
a deliberate failure to acknowledge or learn about something, especially to avoid responsibility
視而不見、刻意忽視
people who lack the power or influence to make their opinions or needs known
弱勢群體、無權發聲的人