EN： The present perfect passive ('has been published') is formed by 'has/have + been + past participle'. It is used here to describe a recently completed action where the focus is on the result rather than who performed the action.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態（'has been published'）結構為「has/have + been + 過去分詞」。在此處用來描述最近剛剛完成的動作，強調動作的成果而非執行者是誰。
A new policy has been introduced to support small businesses.
一項支持小型企業的新政策已經出台。
EN： This sentence uses an 'extraposed relative clause' with 'that ranks...'. The relative clause modifies 'A new league table', but it is placed after the passive verb 'has been published' to maintain sentence balance (end-weight principle).
中文： 此句使用了「外置關係子句（extraposed relative clause）」，由 'that ranks...' 引導。該關係子句實際上修飾主詞「A new league table」，但為了維持句子的平衡（尾重原則），被移到了被動動詞 'has been published' 之後。
A report was released yesterday that details the environmental impact.
一份詳細說明環境影響的報告於昨天發布。
EN： In the UK, university rankings are widely known as 'league tables', a metaphor originally borrowed from sports leagues (like football). Major newspapers such as The Guardian and The Times regularly publish these tables to compare universities across various metrics.
中文： 在英國，大學排行榜普遍被稱為「league tables」（聯賽榜），這個比喻源自足球等體育賽事的積分聯賽榜。《衛報》（The Guardian）和《泰晤士報》（The Times）等主流媒體每年都會發表這些榜單，作為學生選校的重要指標。
EN： The verb phrase 'prepare someone for something' is used to show that someone is being equipped or trained for a future situation or role.
中文： 動詞片語「prepare someone for something」表示「使某人為某事做好準備」，常用於指教育或培訓幫助某人具備未來所需的技能或條件。
This university course prepares graduates for leadership roles in business.
這門大學課程為畢業生擔任商業領導職位做好準備。
EN： The clause 'which includes...' is a non-defining relative clause, introduced by a comma and the relative pronoun 'which'. It adds extra explanatory information about the noun before it ('the service industry') rather than identifying it.
中文： 由逗號加「which」引導的非限定關係子句（non-defining relative clause），用於對先行詞（此處為「the service industry」）提供補充說明，而非限定其範圍。後方接動名詞「providing」作為動詞「includes」的受詞。
The package covers transportation, which includes renting a car for the weekend.
該方案涵蓋交通，其中包括週末租車。
EN： In British English, 'programmes' is the standard spelling for university degree courses or educational curricula, whereas American English typically uses 'programs' for all meanings. Additionally, 'hospitality' courses in the UK encompass hotels, restaurants, catering, and event tourism as a cohesive professional field.
中文： 在英式英語中，「programmes」是大學課程或培訓方案的標準拼法（美式英語則一律拼為「programs」）。此外，在英國高等教育體系中，觀光餐旅（hospitality）通常整合飯店、餐飲、會議與展覽管理為一門兼具實務與學術的獨立專業學科。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to') or a to-infinitive: 'help someone (to) do something'. In modern English, omitting 'to' is very common.
中文： 動詞「help」（幫助）後面可接「受詞 + 原形不定詞（省略 to）」或「受詞 + to 不定詞」，即「help someone (to) do something」。在現代英語中，省略「to」的原形動詞結構更為常見。
The guide helped travelers find the hidden museum.
導遊幫助旅客找到了那座隱蔽的博物館。
EN： The clause 'which university is the best choice...' functions as an embedded question (noun clause) serving as the direct object of the verb 'decide'.
中文： 子句「which university is the best choice...」是一個間接問句（名詞子句），在句中作為及物動詞「decide」的受詞，表達「決定哪所大學...」。
We need to decide which route is the safest.
我們需要決定哪條路線是最安全的。
EN： In the UK, prospective university applicants heavily rely on annual university league tables (such as The Guardian, Complete University Guide, and Times Higher Education) to compare specific course satisfaction, graduate prospects, and teaching quality before submitting UCAS applications.
中文： 在英國，準備升學的高中生極度仰賴各大大學排行榜（如《衛報》、《完全大學指南》等）。在透過 UCAS 申請系統選校前，學生會仔細比較各專業課程的滿意度、就業率和教學品質，因此「league tables / rankings」在英國升學文化中扮演關鍵角色。
EN： The Present Perfect tense ('has grown', 'have chosen') is formed with 'have/has + past participle'. It is used here to describe actions or trends that began in the past and continue to affect or remain relevant in the present, often paired with time expressions like 'in recent years'.
中文： 現在完成式（has grown、have chosen）的結構為「have/has + 過去分詞」。在此處用來描述始於過去並持續影響或延續至現在的動作或趨勢，常與「in recent years」（近年來）等時間片語搭配使用。
Technology has developed rapidly in recent years.
近年來科技發展非常迅速。
EN： The verb 'choose' followed by a 'to-infinitive' ('have chosen to study') expresses a decision or preference to perform a specific action.
中文： 動詞「choose」後面接「不定詞（to + 原形動詞）」（如 have chosen to study），用來表示決定或偏好進行某項特定行動。
Many young people choose to work abroad after graduating.
許多青年畢業後選擇到國外工作。
EN： In British English, the phrase 'at university' is commonly used without the definite article 'the' to mean enrolled in higher education. In American English, speakers typically say 'in college' or 'at college' for the same concept.
中文： 在英式英語中，「at university」通常不加冠詞「the」，表示「在讀大學」或「上大學」的狀態；相較之下，美式英語更習慣使用「in college」或「at college」來表達相同的概念。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has become') is formed with 'have/has' + past participle. It indicates an action or change that started in the past and has relevance or continues to be true in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has become）由「have/has + 過去分詞」構成，表示從過去開始發生並延續或影響到現在的狀態轉變。
Digital marketing has become an essential skill for modern businesses.
數位行銷已成為現代企業不可或缺的技能。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because large festivals... need skilled professionals to organise them'), explaining why event management has gained popularity.
中文： 從屬連詞「because」引導原因副詞子句，用來說明活動管理學位之所以受歡迎的具體原因。
Many students study computer science because tech companies offer high salaries.
許多學生研讀資訊工程，是因為科技公司提供高薪。
EN： In the UK and Europe, 'Event Management' is commonly offered as a distinct undergraduate BA or BSc degree, reflecting the large economic footprint of major cultural festivals (like Glastonbury or Edinburgh Fringe) and international sporting tournaments.
中文： 在英國與歐洲各大學，「活動管理」（Event Management）常被設為獨立的學士學位（BA 或 BSc），這反映了當地龐大的文化節慶（如格拉斯頓伯里當代藝術節、愛丁堡國際藝穗節）與國際體育賽事所帶來的專業市場需求。
EN： An appositive is a noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'an expert in tourism education' is an appositive set off by commas, describing 'Professor Sarah Mitchell'.
中文： 同位語（Appositive）是緊接在另一個名詞後面，用來補充說明或重新定義該名詞的詞組。在此處，被逗號隔開的「an expert in tourism education」即為同位語，用以說明「莎拉·米契爾教授」的身分。
Dr. Watson, a close friend of Sherlock Holmes, helped solve the mystery.
華生醫生是夏洛克·福爾摩斯的摯友，他協助破解了這個謎團。
EN： The verb 'give' can take two objects: an indirect object (the recipient, here 'students') and a direct object (the thing given, here 'practical skills'). This structure is known as Ditransitive (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object).
中文： 動詞「give」為雙賓動詞（Ditransitive Verb），可接兩個受詞：間接受詞（接受者，此處為「students」）與直接受詞（所給予的事物，此處為「practical skills」）。基本句型為：主詞 + 動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞。
The internship gives undergraduates valuable hands-on experience.
該實習計畫為大學生提供了寶貴的實務經驗。
EN： In British news reporting, academic titles such as 'Professor' are commonly used alongside full names when quoting authorities, lending institutional credibility to opinions expressed regarding university course values and graduate employability.
中文： 在英國新聞報導中，引述權威意見時常會在全名前冠上「Professor」（教授）等學術頭銜，以增加其對大學課程價值與畢業生就業競爭力發表言論的公信力。
EN： The conjunction 'when' can be followed directly by a present participle (-ing form), functioning as a reduced adverbial clause of time. Here, 'when ranking' is equivalent to 'when it ranks'.
中文： 連詞「when」後面可直接接現在分詞（-ing 形式），構成簡化的時間狀語從句。在此處，「when ranking」等同於「when it ranks」。
Always wear a helmet when riding a bicycle.
騎自行車時務必佩戴頭盔。
EN： The verb 'consider' is a transitive verb that directly takes a noun phrase ('several important factors') as its direct object, meaning to take something into account when making a judgment.
中文： 動詞「consider」（考慮）是及物動詞，後面直接接名詞短語「several important factors」作為受詞，表示在做決策或評估時將某事物納入考量。
The committee will consider your application next week.
委員會將在下週審查你的申請。
EN： In the UK, university rankings are commonly referred to as 'league tables' (a term borrowed from sports). Major national newspapers like The Guardian and The Times regularly publish these tables to help prospective students compare institutions.
中文： 在英國，大學排行榜通常被稱為「league tables」（源自體育聯賽積分榜的用語）。《衛報》（The Guardian）與《泰晤士報》（The Times）等主流媒體每年都會發布這類排行，供準大學生挑選學校時參考。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who find employment...') modifying the noun 'graduates'. It specifies which graduates are being talked about.
中文： 關係代名詞「who」引導限定關係子句（who find employment...），用來修飾先行詞名詞「graduates」（畢業生），明確指出是哪些畢業生。
We need teachers who understand modern technology.
我們需要懂得現代科技的老師。
EN： Parallel structure in a list: When listing items linked by 'and', maintain a grammatically consistent form. Here, three noun phrases are coordinated: 'student satisfaction', 'research quality', and 'the percentage of graduates...'.
中文： 列舉項目的平行結構：使用對等連接詞「and」列舉多個項目時，各項結構應保持對稱。此處由三個名詞片語並列：「student satisfaction」、「research quality」與「the percentage of graduates...」。
The evaluation considers attendance, final exam scores, and class participation.
評估會考量出席率、期末考成績以及課堂參與度。
EN： In the UK, university league tables (such as those published by The Guardian, The Times, or Complete University Guide) heavily weight graduate employability and student satisfaction (often measured by the National Student Survey, NSS) to help applicants choose institutions.
中文： 在英國，大學排行榜（例如《衛報》、《泰晤士報》或完全大學指南發布的榜單）非常看重「畢業生就業率」與「學生滿意度」（常透過全國學生調查 NSS 衡量），以此作為申請者選校的重要參考依據。
EN： A defining relative clause (starting with 'that') modifies the plural noun 'Universities'. It identifies exactly which universities are being discussed, so no commas are used.
中文： 由「that」引導的限制性關係子句用來修飾複數名詞「Universities」，清楚指出指的是哪些大學，因此前後不加逗號。
Students who complete internships often secure jobs faster.
完成實習的學生通常能更快找到工作。
EN： The semi-modal pattern 'tend to + base verb' expresses a general likelihood or habit (meaning 'often' or 'are likely to').
中文： 句型「tend to + 原形動詞」表示常態、傾向或習慣，意思是「往往……」或「有……的傾向」。
Prices tend to rise during peak holiday seasons.
在假期旺季期間，物價往往會上漲。
EN： In the UK higher education system, a 'work placement' (or 'placement year') is a structured, assessed period of real-world employment integrated into a degree programme, often between the second and final years (sandwich degrees). It heavily influences UK university league tables because it significantly boosts graduate employability.
中文： 在英國的高等教育體系中，「work placement」（實習工作）通常是學位課程正式認可的一部分，常以「三明治課程（sandwich degree）」的形式出現在大二與大三之間。這類實習能大幅提升畢業生就業率，因此在英國大學排行榜（league tables）的評分中佔有極大優勢。
EN： A defining relative clause (introduced by 'who') is used to specify exactly which students are being talked about. In this clause, 'were studying' uses the past continuous tense to describe an ongoing action in the past.
中文： 使用關係代名詞 'who' 引導限定關係子句（形容詞子句），用來修飾先行詞 'Students'，明確指出是哪些學生。子句中採用過去進行式（were studying）來描述過去某段期間正在進行的動作。
Employees who were working remotely reported higher levels of productivity.
遠距工作的員工表示他們的工作效率更高。
EN： The verb 'reported' is followed by a 'that'-noun clause acting as its direct object, expressing what was reported. Both the reporting verb and the clause verb are in the past tense to maintain tense consistency.
中文： 'reported'（報導、表示）後方接由連接詞 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為受詞，陳述具體的內容。主句與從屬子句皆使用過去式，以符合時態一致性（tense agreement）。
Researchers confirmed that the new treatment improved sleep quality.
研究人員證實這項新療法改善了睡眠品質。
EN： In the UK and other English-speaking higher education systems, 'league tables' (rankings) play a major role in student recruitment. Phrases like 'top-ranked universities' often refer to institutions at the top of national tables published by media outlets (such as The Guardian or The Times).
中文： 在英國及其他英語系國家的高等教育體系中，「大學排名榜」（league tables）對學生的選校決策具有重大影響。如句中出現的「top-ranked universities」（頂尖大學），通常指在衛報（The Guardian）或泰晤士報（The Times）等知名媒體發布的大學綜合或專業排名中名列前茅的學校。
EN： An 'appositive' (同位語) is a noun or noun phrase placed immediately after another noun to explain or identify it. Here, 'a recent graduate in event management' explains who 'James Cooper' is and is set off by commas.
中文： 「同位語」（appositive）是緊接在另一個名詞後面、用來補充說明或識別該名詞的詞組。在此句中，'a recent graduate in event management' 補充說明了「詹姆斯·庫珀」的身份，前後以逗號隔開。
Lisa, an experienced graphic designer, shared some helpful tips.
經驗豐富的平面設計師麗莎分享了一些實用的技巧。
EN： The verb 'help' can take an object followed by either a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to') or a full infinitive (to + verb): 'help + someone + (to) do something'. In this sentence, 'helped him understand' uses the bare infinitive.
中文： 動詞「help」後面接受詞後，可接省略 to 的不定詞（原形動詞）或帶 to 的不定詞：即「help + 某人 + (to) 原形動詞」。在此句中，'helped him understand' 使用了省略 to 的原形動詞。
This internship helped her gain practical skills.
這份實習幫助她獲得了實務技能。
EN： In the UK and other English-speaking higher education systems, degrees in 'event management' and 'hospitality' emphasize vocational training, placements, and direct industry relevance rather than purely theoretical research.
中文： 在英國及其他英語系國家的高等教育體系中，「活動管理」（event management）和「觀光餐旅」（hospitality）等學位非常注重職業導向、企業實習（placements）以及與產業實務的直接接軌，而不僅僅局限於純理論研究。
EN： The verb 'explain' often takes a noun clause introduced by 'that' as its direct object to report statements or reasons.
中文： 動詞「explain」（解釋）常接由連接詞「that」引導的名詞子句（Noun Clause）作為受詞，用來說明陳述內容或原因。
She explained that regular practice was key to mastering a language.
她解釋說，規律的練習是掌握一門語言的關鍵。
EN： The adjective 'essential' is frequently followed by the preposition 'for' and a gerund (verb + -ing) or noun to indicate the purpose or recipient of necessity.
中文： 形容詞「essential」（不可或缺的、至關重要的）後面常搭配介係詞「for」加上動名詞（V-ing）或名詞，表示該事物對某個目的或對象來說是必需的。
Good nutrition is essential for maintaining physical health.
良好的營養對於維持身體健康至關重要。
EN： In UK higher education, vocational and service-oriented degrees (like event management and hospitality) strongly emphasize sandwich courses or work placements, as employers place great value on 'real-world experience' alongside academic qualifications.
中文： 在英國高等教育中，職業與服務導向的學位（如活動管理和飯店管理）非常重視「三明治實習課程」（sandwich courses）或職場實習，因為英國雇主除了看重學術文憑外，更極為重視「實際經驗」（real-world experience）。
EN： The passive structure 'be expected to + infinitive' is commonly used in news and formal English to report future forecasts, trends, or probabilities without specifying who is making the prediction.
中文： 「be expected to + 原形動詞」為被動語態結構，常見於新聞與正式英文中，用來客觀報導對未來的預測、趨勢或期望，而無須明確指出是誰做出的預測。
The global economy is expected to recover next year.
全球經濟預計將於明年復甦。
EN： 'Remain' functions here as a linking verb (copula) followed by an adjective predicate ('strong'), meaning to continue in an existing state or condition without changing.
中文： 「remain」在此作連綴動詞（linking verb），後方接形容詞「strong」作為主詞補語，表示「維持、保持」某種狀態而不變。
The museum will remain open to the public during renovations.
裝修期間博物館將持續對公眾開放。
EN： In the UK and global education contexts, 'hospitality' encompasses hotels, restaurants, event venues, and travel services. As international travel and leisure activities rebound, graduates from accredited hospitality management degrees are highly sought after for managerial and customer-experience roles.
中文： 在英國與全球高等教育中，「hospitality（餐旅/款待業）」範疇涵蓋飯店、餐飲、會展場所及旅遊服務。隨著觀光與休閒產業持續擴展，持有專業管理學位的畢業生在管理與顧客體驗領域非常受到雇主青睞。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 款待；餐旅服務業（涵蓋餐飲與住宿等服務）
在本文中： 住宿設施；住處
在本文中： 顯著地；大幅地
在本文中： 實用的；實際操作的
在本文中： 滿意度；滿足感
在本文中： 寶貴的；很有價值的
在本文中： 不可或缺的；極其重要的
在本文中： 需求；要求
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
a ranking list that compares institutions or organisations based on specific performance criteria
排名榜；排行榜
a business sector that provides intangible services rather than manufacturing goods
服務業
a temporary period of practical work experience that is part of an academic course
實習工作；校外實習
practical skills and knowledge gained from actual situations outside of an academic environment
實際工作經驗；現實世界經驗