EN： The present perfect tense ('have developed') is formed with 'have/has + past participle'. In news contexts, it is commonly used to report recent events or achievements that have relevance to the present.
中文： 現在完成式（have developed）由「have/has + 過去分詞」構成。在新聞報導中，常指近期發生且對現今仍具影響力的事件或成就。
Scientists have discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
科學家在熱帶雨林中發現了一種新的青蛙物種。
EN： The relative clause 'that can predict cancer survival from one photograph' uses the relative pronoun 'that' as the subject to modify the antecedent noun phrase 'an AI tool'.
中文： 關係子句「that can predict cancer survival from one photograph」由關係代名詞「that」引導並在子句中作主詞，用來修飾前面的先行詞名詞短語「an AI tool」（AI 工具）。
She designed a mobile app that tracks daily water intake.
她設計了一款能追蹤每日飲水量的手機應用程式。
EN： In modern journalism, 'AI tool' is widely used instead of technical phrases like 'machine learning model' to make scientific advancements accessible to general readers. Additionally, 'the United States' is frequently used as a formal geographic qualifier in medical news reporting.
中文： 在現代新聞報導中，常使用「AI tool」（AI 工具）而非更艱深專業的「機器學習模型（machine learning model）」，以便大眾快速理解科技進展。此外，在醫療突破新聞中，明確標注「美國」（the United States）等國家背景是標準的新聞慣例。
EN： Passive Voice in Past Simple (was/were + past participle): Used when the focus is on the recipient of the action ('The system') rather than the doer, or when attributing the creation of something using 'by + agent'.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）：當焦點放在承受動作的對象（「The system」），或是透過「by + 動作執行者」來表達由誰建立或發明時使用。
The software was designed by a team of university students.
這套軟體是由一群大學生團隊所設計的。
EN： Appositive (Noun Phrase in Apposition): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a nonprofit healthcare system in Massachusetts' explains what 'Mass General Brigham' is.
中文： 同位語（名詞片語同位語）：置於另一個名詞旁邊，用來進一步解釋或補充說明該名詞。在此句中，「a nonprofit healthcare system in Massachusetts」補充說明「Mass General Brigham」是什麼樣的機構。
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the most populous cities in the world.
東京，日本的首都，是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一。
EN： Mass General Brigham (formerly Partners HealthCare) is a renowned Boston-based integrated healthcare network affiliated with Harvard Medical School. In American news writing, such well-known organizations are often immediately followed by an appositive clause (e.g., 'a nonprofit healthcare system...') to provide essential context for national or international readers who may not recognize the institutional name.
中文： 麻省總醫院布萊根醫療系統（前身為 Partners HealthCare）是位於波士頓、隸屬於哈佛醫學院的著名醫療體系。在美式新聞報導中，提到具體機構名稱時，經常會在後面緊跟一個同位語（如「a nonprofit healthcare system...」），以便向可能不熟悉該名稱的全國或國際讀者快速提供背景資訊。
EN： The passive structure 'be trained on' is commonly used in artificial intelligence and machine learning contexts to describe the dataset or material used to develop an AI model.
中文： 「be trained on + 資料集」是被動語態結構，在人工智慧與機器學習領域非常常見，用來表示某個 AI 模型是「以……資料進行訓練」。
The speech recognition software was trained on thousands of hours of audio recordings.
這款語音識別軟體是以數千小時的錄音檔進行訓練的。
EN： Stacked prepositional phrases ('of faces', 'from people', 'of many ages and ethnicities') function as successive post-modifiers narrowing down the noun 'photographs'.
中文： 多重介系詞片語堆疊（'of faces'、'from people'、'of many ages and ethnicities'）作為後位修飾語，一層層修飾前面的核心名詞 'photographs'，界定其具體特徵與來源。
She received a letter of recommendation from a professor of computer science.
她收到了一封來自電腦科學系教授的推薦信。
EN： In modern AI research, particularly in medicine, emphasizing diverse training data ('many ages and ethnicities') is crucial. Historical medical AI models often faced bias when trained predominantly on homogeneous populations (such as Caucasian individuals), leading to poorer accuracy for minorities.
中文： 在當代人工智慧研究（尤其是醫療領域）中，強調訓練數據的多樣性（「不同年齡與族裔」）非常關鍵。過去的醫療 AI 常因主要採用單一族群（如白人）的資料訓練而產生偏誤，導致對少數族群的診斷或預測準確度大幅降低。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses with 'which' can refer back to an entire preceding clause or concept rather than just the immediate noun, adding explanatory comments.
中文： 非限定關係子句以「which」開頭，可代指前面所提及的整件事或概念，用於補充說明或進一步解釋其意義（「這代表……」）。
The test measures heart rate variability, which indicates overall cardiovascular fitness.
該測驗測量心率變異度，這顯示了整體的體能與心血管健康狀況。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'rather than' is used to express a preference or contrast, meaning 'instead of' or 'as opposed to'.
中文： 片語「rather than」表示對比或排除，意為「而不是……」或「非……」，用來對比兩個平行結構或名詞概念。
They decided to focus on prevention rather than cure.
他們決定專注於預防而不是治療。
EN： In medicine and gerontology, 'biological age' refers to the physiological state of a person's cells and tissues, contrasting with 'chronological age' (the number of years lived, referred to colloquially here as 'real age').
中文： 在醫學與老年學中，「biological age（生理年齡）」是指人體組織與細胞的衰老程度，常與「chronological age（曆法年齡，即文中所俗稱的 real age 實際年齡）」形成對比。
EN： The sentence begins with a present participle phrase ('Using this estimate') functioning as an adverbial modifier of manner or means, explaining how the main action is accomplished. The logical subject of the participle must match the subject of the main clause ('the system').
中文： 句子開頭使用現在分詞片語（'Using this estimate'）作為副詞修飾語，表示手段或方式，說明主句動作是如何達成的。分詞的邏輯主詞必須與主句主詞（'the system'）一致。
Using new data, researchers can track weather patterns more accurately.
利用新數據，研究人員能夠更精確地追蹤天氣模式。
EN： The phrase 'the chances of survival for patients with cancer' demonstrates stacked prepositional phrases: 'of survival' modifies 'chances' (explaining what kind of chances), and 'for patients with cancer' specifies who those chances apply to.
中文： 片語 'the chances of survival for patients with cancer' 展示了層疊介系詞片語的修飾用法：'of survival' 修飾 'chances'（說明是什麼機率），而 'for patients with cancer' 則指明該機率所適用的對象。
Doctors evaluated the risk of infection for people with diabetes.
醫生評估了糖尿病患者的感染風險。
EN： The correlative structure 'one ..., and the other ...' is used to contrast two specific items or entities out of a group of two.
中文： 「one ..., and the other ...」結構用於對比已知兩個特定事物中的「一個……另一個……」，具有明確的對照關係。
One sister loves classical music, and the other prefers jazz.
兩姊妹中一個熱愛古典音樂，另一個則偏好爵士樂。
EN： Prepositional phrases indicating means or source: 'through' denotes the intermediate mechanism or medium, while 'from' indicates the starting point or direct data source.
中文： 表示方式或來源的介系詞用法：「through」表示透過某種機制或媒介，而「from」則表示獲取資訊的起點或直接資料來源。
He learned English through songs, while she learned it from books.
他透過歌曲學習英語，而她則是從書本中學習。
EN： In scientific reporting, AI systems or models are often personified or referenced concisely as 'one ... and the other' to compare two distinct computational approaches without repeating cumbersome technical jargon.
中文： 在科技與醫學英文報導中，常將不同的 AI 模型或演算法簡稱為「one ... the other」，以簡潔清楚地對比兩種技術路徑，避免反覆出現繁複的專業術語。
EN： The sentence uses the simple past passive voice ('were published'). Passive voice is formed with 'be' + past participle, shifting the focus to the action or the object receiving the action (details of the research) rather than the agent who published them.
中文： 本句使用過去簡單式的被動語態（were published）。被動語態由「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」構成，將焦點放在動作或承受動作的對象（研究的細節）上，而不是發表的人。
The results of the experiment were published in a scientific journal.
該實驗的結果發表在一本科學期刊上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of the research' functions as an adjectival modifier modifying the plural noun 'Details'. Because the head noun 'Details' is plural, the plural verb 'were' is used (subject-verb agreement).
中文： 介系詞片語「of the research」作為形容詞修飾語，修飾複數名詞「Details」。由於核心主詞「Details」為複數，因此動詞必須使用複數形的「were」（主詞與動詞一致性）。
Details of the accident were reported on the news.
這起事故的細節已在新聞中報導。
EN： The Lancet is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals, founded in 1823. 'Lancet Digital Health' is an open-access monthly specialty journal within the Lancet family focusing on digital technologies in healthcare.
中文： 《刺胳針》（The Lancet）創立於 1823 年，是世界上歷史最悠久、最具聲望的同儕審查醫學期刊之一。《刺胳針數位健康》（Lancet Digital Health）是其旗下專注於醫療數位科技的開放獲取（Open Access）專業子期刊。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed here by a 'that'-clause functioning as a noun clause (object of 'suggests'). It reports a finding or hypothesis rather than a command.
中文： 動詞「suggest」在此處後接由「that」引導的名詞子句，作為「suggests」的受詞，用來陳述研究的發現或推論（表示「顯示、指出」），而非命令語氣。
Recent data suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
近期的數據顯示，規律運動能改善心理健康。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to'), i.e., 'help + someone + (do) something'. Here, two bare infinitives ('check' and 'guide') are coordinated by 'and'.
中文： 動詞「help」後面可接受詞再接原形不定詞（省略 to 的不定詞），結構為「help + 人 + (do) 原形動詞」。在此句中，兩個原形動詞「check」與「guide」透過對等連接詞「and」並列。
This app helps users track their expenses and save money.
這款應用程式協助使用者記錄開銷並省錢。
EN： The casual term 'selfie' (a self-portrait photograph taken with a smartphone) has become accepted in formal medical and tech reporting to highlight how ubiquitous, accessible consumer technology can intersect with high-level healthcare.
中文： 「selfie」（自拍照）這個源於日常社群媒體的口語詞彙，在此處被應用於正式的醫學與科技新聞報導中，凸顯出隨手可得的大眾消費科技（智慧型手機）如何能與高階專業醫療照護產生突破性的結合。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 預測、預料
在本文中： 存活、生存
在本文中： 非營利的
在本文中： 種族、族群
在本文中： 估計、估算
在本文中： 生物學的、生理的
在本文中： 病人、患者
在本文中： 期刊、學術雜誌
在本文中： 指導、引導
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A measure of how old a person seems based on their physical health and condition, rather than their calendar age.
生理年齡、生物學年齡
The likelihood or probability of staying alive, especially when facing a serious illness or danger.
存活率、生存機會
To use a specific set of data to teach a machine learning or artificial intelligence system.
使用（特定資料）進行模型訓練
The organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target populations.
醫療保健系統、醫療體系