EN： The present perfect tense ('has announced') is used here to report a recent event that has current relevance or provides new information, a common feature in news reporting.
中文： 現在完成式（has announced）在此用於報導最近發生且對現狀有影響的事件或提供新資訊，這是新聞報導中的常見特徵。
The government has confirmed that the new policy will take effect next month.
政府已確認新政策將於下個月生效。
EN： The present participle phrase ('replacing...') functions as a reduced relative clause or a resultative modifier, providing additional information about the action's effect or the nature of the 'next generation of banknotes'.
中文： 現在分詞短語（replacing...）在此作為簡化的關係子句或結果修飾語，提供關於該動作影響或「下一代鈔票」性質的額外資訊。
The company launched a new app, allowing users to track their expenses in real-time.
該公司推出了一款新應用程式，讓用戶能夠即時追蹤支出。
EN： The past participle 'depicted' acts as an adjective modifying 'historical figures'. It is a reduced passive relative clause (which are currently depicted).
中文： 過去分詞「depicted」作為形容詞修飾「historical figures」。這是一個簡化的被動關係子句（which are currently depicted）。
The scenes depicted in the movie are based on true events.
電影中描繪的場景是根據真實事件改編的。
EN： The Bank of England traditionally features prominent historical figures on its banknotes, such as Winston Churchill (£5), Jane Austen (£10), J.M.W. Turner (£20), and Alan Turing (£50). Moving to wildlife represents a significant shift in national branding, moving away from human achievement toward natural heritage.
中文： 英格蘭銀行傳統上會在鈔票上印製傑出的歷史人物，例如溫斯頓·邱吉爾（5鎊）、珍·奧斯汀（10鎊）、J.M.W. 泰納（20鎊）和艾倫·圖靈（50鎊）。轉向以野生動物為主題代表了國家品牌形象的重大轉變，從強調人類成就轉向自然遺產。
EN： The use of 'pound' as a singular modifier: When a currency unit acts as an adjective modifying a noun (like 'notes'), it remains in the singular form even if the number is greater than one.
中文： 「pound」作為單數修飾語的用法：當貨幣單位作為形容詞修飾名詞（如「notes」）時，即使數值大於一，該單位仍保持單數形式。
He handed me a twenty pound bill.
他遞給我一張二十英鎊的鈔票。
EN： Serial Comma (Oxford Comma): In a list of three or more items, a comma is placed before the coordinating conjunction (and) to ensure clarity and prevent ambiguity.
中文： 序列逗號（牛津逗號）：在三個或更多項目的列表中，在對等連接詞（and）之前放置逗號，以確保清晰並防止歧義。
The shop sells five, ten, and twenty dollar vouchers.
這家商店出售五美元、十美元和二十美元的代金券。
EN： Apposition and Ellipsis: This phrase functions as an appositive fragment, providing specific detail to the 'banknotes' mentioned previously. The verb 'are' or 'include' is elided (omitted) for stylistic brevity in news reporting.
中文： 同位語與省略：此短語作為同位語片段，為前文提到的「banknotes」提供具體細節。在新聞報導中，為了文體簡潔，省略了動詞（如 are 或 include）。
There are four denominations: the five, ten, twenty, and fifty pound notes.
共有四種面額：五鎊、十鎊、二十鎊和五十鎊鈔票。
EN： In the UK, the four denominations mentioned are the only ones currently in general circulation in England and Wales. While Scotland and Northern Ireland issue their own banknotes (including £1 and £100 notes in some cases), the Bank of England's notes are the most widely recognized currency across the United Kingdom.
中文： 在英國，文中提到的這四種面額是目前英格蘭和威爾斯境內唯一普遍流通的鈔票。雖然蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭也會發行自己的鈔票（有時包括 1 英鎊和 100 英鎊面額），但英格蘭銀行的鈔票是全英國認可度最高的貨幣。
EN： The structure 'have/has yet to + verb' is a formal way to express that something has not happened up to the present moment, but is expected to happen in the future. It is more sophisticated than 'have not yet + past participle'.
中文： 結構「have/has yet to + 動詞」是一種正式用法，用來表示某事直到目前為止尚未發生，但預計未來會發生。這比「have not yet + 過去分詞」更具書面語感且更為高級。
The results of the clinical trial have yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
該臨床試驗的結果尚未在同行評審期刊上發表。
EN： The word 'although' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a concessive clause. It sets up a contrast between the lack of current information (animals not determined) and the planned future action (compiling a list).
中文： 「Although」是一個從屬連詞，用於引導讓步子句。它在「目前資訊缺乏（動物尚未確定）」與「計劃中的未來行動（編寫名單）」之間建立了對比。
Although the initial investment is high, the long-term benefits are substantial.
雖然初期投資很高，但長期效益是非常可觀的。
EN： Public consultation is a standard democratic process in the UK where government bodies or institutions like the Bank of England seek the opinions of citizens before making significant changes. This reflects a culture of transparency and civic engagement in national identity symbols.
中文： 「公眾諮詢」(Public consultation) 是英國標準的民主程序。政府機構或像英格蘭銀行這樣的機構在做出重大變更前，會徵求公民的意見。這反映了在國家身份象徵（如貨幣）的決策中，強調透明度和公民參與的文化。
EN： The use of double negatives (not + without) is a rhetorical device called litotes. It is used to emphasize an affirmative statement by negating its opposite, often creating a more nuanced or understated tone than simply saying 'has been controversial'.
中文： 雙重否定（not + without）是一種稱為「曲言法」(litotes) 的修辭手法。它透過否定相反的概念來強調肯定的陳述，通常比直接說「具有爭議性」顯得更委婉、含蓄且具層次感。
The new policy was not without its critics.
這項新政策並非沒有批評者。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to feature animals on banknotes' acts as an adjectival modifier for the noun 'decision'. It specifies the content or nature of the decision.
His decision to resign surprised everyone.
他辭職的決定讓每個人都感到驚訝。
EN： The present perfect tense 'has not been' indicates a state that began in the past (when the decision was first discussed) and continues to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式「has not been」表示一個從過去（當決定首次被討論時）開始，並持續到現在這一刻的狀態。
The project has been a success so far.
到目前為止，這個項目一直很成功。
EN： British banknotes traditionally feature the reigning monarch on the front and a historical figure of national significance on the back. The move to wildlife represents a significant shift in national branding, moving away from human-centric historical narratives to focus on environmental heritage, which reflects contemporary British values regarding conservation.
中文： 英國鈔票傳統上正面印有在位君主，背面則印有具國家意義的歷史人物。改用野生動物作為主題代表了國家品牌形象的重大轉變，從以人為中心的歷史敘事轉向關注自然遺產，這反映了當代英國對於環境保護價值的重視。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have expressed') is used here to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past but has relevance or impact on the current situation (the ongoing debate about banknotes).
中文： 現在完成式（have expressed）在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間點發生的動作，但該動作對現狀（關於鈔票設計的持續辯論）具有關聯性或影響。
The local community has expressed concerns about the new development project.
當地社區已對這項新開發計畫表示擔憂。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'including...' acts as a non-restrictive modifier, providing specific examples of the general subject 'Several politicians' without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
中文： 介係詞短語「including...」作為非限制性修飾語，為一般性主詞「Several politicians」提供具體實例，而不改變句子的核心意義。
Many countries, including Japan and South Korea, are facing aging populations.
許多國家，包括日本和韓國，都面臨人口老齡化的問題。
EN： The phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples of a broader category ('celebrated figures'). It is more formal than 'like' in written academic or journalistic English.
中文： 短語「such as」用於引入廣泛類別（celebrated figures）中的具體例子。在書面學術或新聞英語中，它比「like」更為正式。
The museum houses works by Renaissance masters such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
這座博物館收藏了李奧納多·達文西和米開朗基羅等文藝復興大師的作品。
EN： Winston Churchill (former Prime Minister) and Jane Austen (renowned novelist) are iconic British figures. Their presence on banknotes symbolizes national pride and history. Nigel Farage and Ed Davey represent different ends of the UK political spectrum, showing that the debate crosses party lines.
中文： 溫斯頓·邱吉爾（前首相）和珍·奧斯汀（著名小說家）是英國的標誌性人物。他們出現在鈔票上象徵著國家自豪感和歷史。奈傑爾·法拉吉和艾德·戴維分別代表英國政壇的不同立場，這顯示了這場辯論跨越了黨派界限。
EN： The use of 'Nevertheless' as a conjunctive adverb. It is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what has just been said, often appearing in formal writing or high-level academic discourse to maintain logical flow despite opposing evidence.
中文： 「Nevertheless」作為連接副詞的用法。它用於引出與前文形成對比的陳述，常用於正式寫作或高級學術論述中，用以在存在相反證據的情況下維持邏輯連貫性。
The project faced numerous technical setbacks; nevertheless, the team completed it on schedule.
該專案面臨許多技術挫折；儘管如此，團隊仍準時完成了任務。
EN： Reduced relative clause using a past participle. 'Conducted by the Bank' is a shortened version of 'which were conducted by the Bank,' acting as an adjective phrase to modify 'public consultations'.
中文： 使用過去分詞的減縮關係子句。「Conducted by the Bank」是「which were conducted by the Bank」的縮減形式，作為形容詞短語修飾「public consultations」（公眾諮詢）。
The research conducted by the university suggests a link between sleep and productivity.
由該大學進行的研究顯示，睡眠與生產力之間存在聯繫。
EN： Noun clause as a direct object. The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause ('the majority of citizens favour...') which functions as the object of the verb 'suggest'.
中文： 名詞子句作為直接受詞。單字「that」引導一個從屬子句（the majority of citizens favour...），該子句在句中擔任動詞「suggest」的受詞。
Recent surveys indicate that consumers prefer eco-friendly packaging.
最近的調查顯示，消費者更偏好環保包裝。
EN： The Bank of England often uses public consultations to maintain democratic legitimacy when making symbolic changes to national identity, such as currency design. This reflects a British institutional preference for consensus-building.
中文： 英格蘭銀行在對國家象徵（如貨幣設計）進行重大更動時，經常透過「公眾諮詢」來維持民主合法性。這反映了英國機構在決策中偏好建立共識的傳統。
EN： The gerund phrase 'Regularly updating the currency design' acts as the singular subject of the sentence. Gerunds (-ing forms) are used to represent an action as a concept or a noun, and when they function as subjects, they require a singular verb (serves).
中文： 動名詞短語「Regularly updating the currency design」作為句子的單數主詞。動名詞（-ing 形式）用於將動作表示為一個概念或名詞，當它們作為主詞時，需要使用單數動詞（serves）。
Implementing new security measures reduces the risk of data breaches.
實施新的安全措施可以降低數據洩漏的風險。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to provide a reason or explanation, functioning similarly to 'because' or 'since'. In formal writing, 'as' is often preferred to introduce a logical justification for the preceding statement.
中文： 連接詞「as」在此處用於提供原因或解釋，功能類似於「because」或「since」。在正式寫作中，通常偏好使用「as」來為前面的陳述引入邏輯上的辯護。
The meeting was postponed, as several key members were unable to attend.
會議延期了，因為幾位主要成員無法出席。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then either a bare infinitive (combat) or a full infinitive (to combat). Both are grammatically correct, but the bare infinitive is more common in modern English and suggests a more direct involvement in the action.
中文： 動詞「help」後面可以接受詞，然後接不帶 to 的不定詞（combat）或帶 to 的不定詞（to combat）。兩者在語法上都是正確的，但現代英語中更常用不帶 to 的不定詞，且暗示對該動作有更直接的參與。
This software helps users organize their files more efficiently.
這款軟體有助於用戶更有效地整理他們的文件。
EN： In the UK, the Bank of England regularly updates banknote designs not just for aesthetics, but as a critical security measure. Each new 'series' introduces advanced features like polymer material and intricate holograms to stay ahead of counterfeiters. The mention of 'authorities' typically refers to the Bank of England in conjunction with law enforcement like the National Crime Agency.
中文： 在英國，英格蘭銀行定期更新鈔票設計不僅是為了美觀，更是一項關鍵的安全措施。每一套新系列都會引入先進技術，如聚合物材料和複雜的全息圖，以領先於偽造者。文中提到的「當局」通常指英格蘭銀行以及國家打擊犯罪調查局等執法部門。
EN： The preposition 'among' is used here to indicate inclusion within a group or category. It is often followed by a plural noun and helps establish the context or scope of the subject.
中文： 介係詞「among」在此用於表示在某個群體或類別中的包含關係。它通常後接複數名詞，有助於確立主詞的背景或範圍。
Among the various options, the first one seems the most practical.
在各種選項中，第一個似乎是最實用的。
EN： The phrase 'alongside' acts as a preposition meaning 'together with' or 'in addition to'. It is used to introduce supplementary information that holds equal importance to the preceding elements.
中文： 短語「alongside」作為介係詞，意為「與…一起」或「除…之外」。它用於引入與前述元素具有同等重要性的補充資訊。
The new library was built alongside the existing community center.
新圖書館是與現有的社區中心並排建造的。
EN： The use of 'such as' and 'like' for exemplification: While often used interchangeably, 'such as' is generally preferred in formal writing to introduce specific examples, whereas 'like' is more common in informal speech to suggest similarity.
中文： 「such as」與「like」在舉例中的用法：雖然兩者常互換使用，但在正式寫作中通常偏好使用「such as」來引入具體實例，而「like」在非正式口語中更常用於暗示相似性。
Tropical fruits such as mangoes and pineapples grow well in this climate.
熱帶水果如芒果和鳳梨在這種氣候下生長良好。
EN： The animals mentioned (hedgehog, robin, barn owl) are iconic symbols of the British countryside. The robin, in particular, is often voted as Britain's national bird and is deeply embedded in British folklore and Christmas traditions.
中文： 文中所提到的動物（刺蝟、知更鳥、穀倉貓頭鷹）是英國鄉村的標誌性象徵。特別是知更鳥，經常被選為英國的國鳥，並深深植根於英國的民間傳說和聖誕傳統中。
EN： The verb 'advocate' is often followed by a 'that' clause. In formal contexts, this can trigger the subjunctive mood (base form of the verb), though in this sentence, the modal 'should' is used to express a recommendation or strong suggestion.
中文： 動詞「advocate」（主張/提倡）之後常接「that」子句。在正式語境中，這類表示建議或要求的動詞可觸發虛擬語氣（使用動詞原形），但在本句中則使用了情態助動詞「should」來表達建議或應盡的義務。
Environmentalists advocate that the government should implement stricter carbon emission limits.
環保人士主張政府應實施更嚴格的碳排放限制。
EN： The word 'criteria' is the plural form of 'criterion'. It is a common feature in academic and formal English to use Latin-derived plural forms. When 'criteria' is the subject, it technically requires a plural verb, though it is increasingly treated as a collective singular in casual speech.
中文： 「criteria」是「criterion」（標準）的複數形式。在學術和正式英語中，使用拉丁語源的複數形式非常常見。當「criteria」作為主詞時，嚴格來說需要搭配複數動詞，但在非正式口語中，有時會被視為集體單數。
The main criteria for the scholarship are academic excellence and community service.
該獎學金的主要標準是學術卓越和社區服務。
EN： The past participle 'reintroduced' functions as part of a reduced relative clause (species [which have been] successfully reintroduced), acting as an adjective to modify 'species'.
中文： 過去分詞「reintroduced」在此處引導一個簡化的關係子句（即 species [which have been] successfully reintroduced），作為形容詞修飾前面的「species」（物種）。
The museum displays artifacts recovered from the shipwreck.
博物館展示了從沉船中打撈出來的文物。
EN： Natural England is an executive non-departmental public body in the UK, responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment is protected and improved. The mention of 'reintroduced species' refers to conservation efforts like bringing back the white-tailed eagle, which had previously gone extinct in the region.
中文： 「Natural England」（英格蘭自然署）是英國的一個非部會公共機構，負責保護與改善英格蘭的自然環境。文中提到的「重新引入物種」是指當地的保育努力，例如將曾在該地區滅絕的白尾海鵰重新引回自然棲息地。
EN： Inverted Conditional (Second Conditional): The sentence uses 'Were' at the beginning to replace 'If the committee were to adopt...'. This inversion is a formal literary device used to express a hypothetical situation that is unlikely or formal in tone.
中文： 倒裝假設句（第二類型假設）：句子開頭使用 'Were' 來取代 'If the committee were to adopt...'。這種倒裝法是一種正式的文學修辭，用於表達假設性、可能性較低或語氣較為莊重的狀況。
Were he to resign, the company would face a leadership crisis.
倘若他辭職，公司將面臨領導危機。
EN： The 'Be to' Infinitive in Conditionals: Using 'were to + verb' in a conditional clause emphasizes the hypothetical nature of the action, often used for future possibilities that are being discussed theoretically.
中文： 假設句中的 'Be to' 不定詞：在假設從句中使用 'were to + 動詞' 強化了動作的假設性質，常用於討論理論上的未來可能性。
If you were to win the lottery, what would you do first?
如果你真的中了彩券，你第一件事會做什麼？
EN： Modal Verb 'Might' for Possibility: 'Might' is used here to indicate a tentative or hypothetical possibility, which aligns with the speculative nature of the conditional 'were to' structure.
中文： 助動詞 'Might' 表示可能性：此處使用 'Might' 來表示一種暫定或假設的可能性，這與 'were to' 結構的推測語氣相呼應。
The new policy might improve efficiency, but it remains to be seen.
新政策可能會提高效率，但仍有待觀察。
EN： The mention of 'white-tailed eagle' and 'large blue butterfly' refers to successful reintroduction programs in the UK. The white-tailed eagle was reintroduced to the Isle of Wight and Scotland, while the large blue butterfly was once extinct in Britain before being successfully brought back in the 1980s. These species symbolize conservation success.
中文： 文中提到的「白尾海鵰」和「大藍蝶」是指英國成功的物種引進計畫。白尾海鵰被重新引進至懷特島和蘇格蘭，而大藍蝶曾於英國滅絕，後於 1980 年代成功復育。這些物種象徵著生態保育的成就。
EN： The verb 'feature' is used as a transitive verb meaning 'to include someone or something as an important part'. It is common in journalism and marketing to highlight specific characteristics.
中文： 動詞 'feature' 作為及物動詞，意為「以...為特色」或「重點列出」。在新聞報導或行銷語境中，常用來強調某事物的顯著特徵。
The new museum exhibit features several rare artifacts from the Roman Empire.
這座博物館的新展覽以幾件來自羅馬帝國的稀有文物為特色。
EN： The prepositional phrase starting with 'with' acts as an absolute construction or a supplementary modifier, providing additional descriptive details about the preceding clause.
中文： 以 'with' 開頭的介系詞短語在此作為補充修飾語，提供關於前述主句的額外細節描述，增加資訊的豐富度。
The room was elegantly decorated, with gold leaf accents on the ceiling.
房間裝飾得非常優雅，天花板上還有金箔點綴。
EN： The past participle phrase 'issued by...' functions as an adjective modifying 'notes'. It is a reduced relative clause (which were issued by...).
中文： 過去分詞短語 'issued by...' 作為形容詞修飾 'notes'。這是一個簡化的關係子句（原為 which were issued by...）。
The report published by the committee highlights several areas for improvement.
委員會發布的報告強調了幾個需要改進的領域。
EN： Unlike many countries with a single central bank, the UK allows three retail banks in Scotland (Royal Bank of Scotland, Bank of Scotland, and Clydesdale Bank) to issue their own banknotes. These notes are legal currency throughout the UK, though they are most commonly seen in Scotland.
中文： 與許多只有單一中央銀行的國家不同，英國允許蘇格蘭的三家零售銀行（蘇格蘭皇家銀行、蘇格蘭銀行和克萊茲代爾銀行）發行自己的鈔票。這些鈔票在全英國都是法定貨幣，但在蘇格蘭最為常見。
EN： The use of 'Not all' at the beginning of a sentence creates a partial negation. It indicates that while some members of a group fit a description, others do not. This is more nuanced than 'No nominations,' which would be a total negation.
中文： 在句首使用「Not all」會形成「部分否定」。這表示雖然群體中的某些成員符合描述，但並非全部都符合。這比使用「No nominations」（全部否定）更具細節與準確性。
Not all employees were satisfied with the new policy.
並非所有員工都對新政策感到滿意。
EN： The phrasal verb 'centre on' (or 'center on') means to have something as the main subject or interest. In formal writing, it is often used in the present perfect tense ('have centred on') to describe a trend or process that has occurred up to the present.
中文： 短語動詞「centre on」意為「以...為中心」或「集中於」。在正式寫作中，常用現在完成式（have centred on）來描述直到目前為止所發生的趨勢或過程。
The discussion centred on the need for better urban planning.
討論集中在改善城市規劃的需求上。
EN： The adverb 'conventionally' modifies the adjective 'appealing'. This structure (Adverb + Adjective + Noun) is common in C1 level English to add precision, indicating that the 'appeal' is based on traditional standards or social norms.
中文： 副詞「conventionally」（傳統地/常規地）修飾形容詞「appealing」（吸引人的）。這種「副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞」的結構在 C1 級別的英語中非常常見，用以增加精確度，暗示這種「吸引力」是基於傳統標準或社會規範的。
He is not a conventionally handsome man, but he has great charm.
他並非傳統意義上的帥哥，但他很有魅力。
EN： In British public discourse, there is a long-standing tension between traditional aesthetics (represented by figures like Churchill) and modern, inclusive, or scientific values (represented here by biodiversity). The mention of 'unfashionable' animals like rats or pigeons reflects a characteristically British sense of irony and a deep-seated affection for the 'underdog' or the overlooked aspects of nature.
中文： 在英國的公共輿論中，傳統美學（如邱吉爾等人物所代表）與現代、包容或科學價值觀（如生物多樣性）之間長期存在張力。提到像老鼠或鴿子這樣「不流行」的動物，反映了典型的英式幽默感，以及對「弱者」或自然界中被忽視事物的深厚情感。
EN： The verb 'urge' is used here with a 'that' clause. In formal British English, this often triggers the mandative subjunctive (e.g., 'urge that animals deserve' or 'urge that animals should deserve'). While 'deserve' here is in the indicative, it functions as a formal recommendation or demand.
中文： 動詞 'urge'（敦促）後接 'that' 子句。在正式英文中，這類表示建議、要求或命令的動詞通常會觸發虛擬語氣（Mandative Subjunctive），雖然此處使用了陳述語氣 'deserve'，但在語境上仍代表一種正式的訴求。
The committee urged that the chairman resign immediately.
委員會敦促主席立即辭職。
EN： The use of 'representation' in this context refers to the act of being shown or included in a specific medium (currency). It is a common term in social and political discourse regarding visibility for specific groups or entities.
中文： 'Representation' 在此語境下是指在特定媒介（如貨幣）中被呈現或納入。這是在社會與政治論述中，探討特定群體或實體之「能見度」時常用的術語。
The film was praised for its diverse representation of minority groups.
這部電影因其對少數群體的多樣化呈現而受到讚揚。
EN： The RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) is the oldest and largest animal welfare charity in the UK. Its involvement in the banknote debate highlights the British cultural emphasis on animal welfare and the symbolic importance of what appears on national currency.
中文： RSPCA（英國皇家防止虐待動物協會）是英國歷史最悠久、規模最大的動物福利慈善機構。該組織參與鈔票設計的討論，突顯了英國文化對動物福利的重視，以及國家貨幣圖案所承載的象徵意義。
EN： This sentence uses 'Locative Inversion' (or Prepositional Phrase Inversion), where a prepositional phrase is moved to the front for emphasis or cohesion, and the subject and verb are swapped. This is common in formal writing to introduce a list or describe a setting.
中文： 本句使用了「地方副詞倒裝」（或介係詞片語倒裝），將介係詞片語移至句首以達到強調或銜接效果，並將主詞與動詞對調。這在正式寫作中常用於引出清單或描述場景。
Among the guests was a famous Hollywood director.
在賓客之中有一位好萊塢知名導演。
EN： The verb 'are' must agree with the logical subject that follows it. In this sentence, the subject is a compound list (pigeon, fox, gull, and rat), which is plural, hence the use of 'are' instead of 'is'.
中文： 動詞 'are' 必須與其後方的邏輯主詞保持一致。在本句中，主詞是一個複合列表（鴿子、狐狸、海鷗和老鼠），屬於複數，因此使用 'are' 而非 'is'。
Included in the report are several recommendations for improvement.
報告中包含了幾項改進建議。
EN： The animals mentioned (pigeons, foxes, gulls, rats) are often considered 'pests' or 'unfashionable' in British urban environments. The RSPCA's suggestion is a deliberate attempt to challenge the public's perception of value and beauty in nature, advocating for species that are often overlooked in favor of more 'charismatic' wildlife like owls or hedgehogs.
中文： 句中提到的動物（鴿子、狐狸、海鷗、老鼠）在英國城市環境中常被視為「有害動物」或「不討喜的」。英國皇家防止虐待動物協會（RSPCA）的這項建議，是刻意挑戰大眾對自然價值與美感的認知，為那些比起貓頭鷹或刺蝟等「有魅力」的野生動物更容易被忽視的物種發聲。
EN： Inversion in conditional sentences (First/Second/Third Conditionals) can be used to replace 'if' for a more formal or literary tone. In this case, 'Should' replaces 'If' in a first or hypothetical conditional structure, placing the auxiliary verb before the subject.
中文： 在條件句中使用倒裝結構（第一、二、三類條件句）可以取代 'if'，使語氣更為正式或具文學感。在此句中，'Should' 置於主詞前取代了 'If'，用以表示一種可能性較低的假設情況。
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our office.
倘若您需要進一步的協助，請隨時聯繫我們的辦公室。
EN： The modal verb 'would' is used here to express a hypothetical result in the main clause of a conditional sentence, indicating what the outcome would be if the condition in the 'if' (or inverted) clause were met.
中文： 助動詞 'would' 在此用於條件句的主句中，表達一種假設性的結果，指出若從句中的條件達成時，將會產生的後果。
Winning the lottery would change my entire life.
中大獎將會改變我的一生。
EN： The noun 'departure' followed by the preposition 'from' is a common collocation meaning a change from what is expected, usual, or traditional.
中文： 名詞 'departure' 後接介系詞 'from' 是一個常見的搭配詞，意指背離或改變了原有的預期、慣例或傳統。
The new CEO's strategy is a radical departure from the company's previous policies.
新任執行長的策略與公司先前的政策有著激進的背離。
EN： British banknotes traditionally feature the reigning monarch on the obverse and a significant historical figure (like Winston Churchill or Jane Austen) on the reverse. Moving to wildlife represents a shift from celebrating national history through individuals to celebrating natural heritage, which can be a sensitive cultural topic regarding national identity.
中文： 英國紙幣傳統上正面印有在位君主，背面則印有重要的歷史人物（如邱吉爾或珍·奧斯汀）。轉向以野生動物為主題，代表了從透過「個人」來慶祝國家歷史，轉向慶祝「自然遺產」的轉變，這在涉及國家認同的議題上是一個敏感的文化話題。
EN： The present participle phrase 'describing...' functions as an adverbial clause of accompaniment, providing additional information about the subject's action or state simultaneously with the main verb.
中文： 現在分詞短語「describing...」在此作為伴隨狀語，用以補充說明主詞在執行主要動詞（nominated）時的同時動作或狀態。
The CEO signed the contract, smiling at the cameras.
執行長簽署了合約，同時對著鏡頭微笑。
EN： The present perfect tense 'has nominated' is used here to indicate a recent action that has current relevance or is part of an ongoing news development.
中文： 現在完成式「has nominated」用於表示最近發生的動作，且該動作與現狀高度相關，或屬於正在進行的新聞事件的一部分。
The committee has selected the final candidates for the award.
委員會已經選出了該獎項的最終候選人。
EN： The adverb 'quintessentially' is used to describe something that represents the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.
中文： 副詞「quintessentially」用於描述某事物代表了某種特質或類別中最完美、最典型的範例，常用於強調文化特徵。
Afternoon tea is a quintessentially British tradition.
下午茶是一項典型的英國傳統。
EN： The red fox is a polarizing figure in British culture; while many urban residents see them as charismatic neighbors, they are historically associated with controversial fox hunting traditions in rural areas. Chris Packham's nomination reflects a modern, conservation-focused view of British identity.
中文： 紅狐在英國文化中是一個評價兩極的角色；雖然許多城市居民視其為充滿魅力的鄰居，但在鄉村地區，牠們歷史上與具爭議性的獵狐傳統有關。克里斯·帕卡姆的提名反映了一種現代、以保育為核心的英國認同觀。
EN： The passive structure 'is expected to' is a common formal register used in news reporting to distance the speaker from the prediction or to indicate a general consensus without specifying who is doing the expecting.
中文： 被動結構「is expected to」是新聞報導中常用的正式語氣，用於使說話者與預測保持距離，或在不指明預期者的情況下表示普遍共識。
The new policy is expected to reduce carbon emissions by thirty percent.
新政策預計將減少百分之三十的碳排放。
EN： The prepositional phrase starting with 'with' functions as an absolute construction or a circumstantial adjunct, providing additional context or consequences related to the main clause.
中文： 以「with」開頭的介係詞短語充當獨立結構或環境附加語，提供與主句相關的額外背景資訊或後果。
The concert ended early, with many fans feeling disappointed.
演唱會提早結束了，許多粉絲感到失望。
EN： The adjective 'likely' followed by a to-infinitive expresses probability. In formal contexts, it is often preferred over 'probably' to describe future tendencies.
中文： 形容詞「likely」後接不定詞（to-infinitive）表示可能性。在正式語境中，通常比「probably」更常用於描述未來的趨勢。
The stock market is likely to fluctuate following the announcement.
公告發布後，股市可能會出現波動。
EN： Public consultations and votes for national symbols (like currency or flags) are common in democratic societies to foster a sense of national identity and inclusion, though they often spark debate between traditionalists and progressives.
中文： 針對國家象徵（如貨幣或國旗）進行公眾諮詢和投票在民主社會中很常見，旨在培養國家認同感和包容性，儘管這往往會引發傳統主義者與進步主義者之間的辯論。
EN： The use of 'Whichever' as a compound relative pronoun introduces a concessive clause, meaning 'it does not matter which'. It functions as a determiner for the noun 'animals' and sets up a condition that does not affect the outcome of the main clause.
中文： 使用 'Whichever' 作為複合關係代名詞來引導讓步子句，意為「無論哪一個」。它在此處作為名詞 'animals' 的限定詞，設定了一個不影響主句結果的條件。
Whichever path you choose, I will support your decision.
無論你選擇哪條路，我都會支持你的決定。
EN： The phrase 'serve as' is a formal phrasal verb used to describe the function or role of an object or person. It is often used in academic or journalistic registers to indicate a symbolic or practical purpose.
中文： 短語 'serve as' 是一個正式的片語動詞，用於描述事物或人的功能或角色。它常用於學術或新聞語體中，表示象徵性或實用性的目的。
The old lighthouse now serves as a museum for maritime history.
這座舊燈塔現在作為航海歷史博物館使用。
EN： The modal verb 'may' combined with 'even' emphasizes a potential additional benefit or a surprising secondary consequence. 'Even' acts as an intensive adverb to highlight the extent of the impact.
中文： 助動詞 'may' 與 'even' 連用，強調了潛在的額外好處或令人驚訝的次要後果。'Even' 作為強化副詞，用以突出影響的程度。
This new policy may even improve the local economy in the long run.
這項新政策從長遠來看甚至可能改善當地經濟。
EN： The Bank of England frequently updates its banknotes to include historical figures who have shaped British culture. The shift to wildlife reflects a growing national emphasis on environmental conservation and the 'Green' movement in the UK. Scotland and Northern Ireland issue their own banknotes, which often feature different designs from those in England and Wales.
中文： 英格蘭銀行經常更新其鈔票，以納入塑造英國文化的歷史人物。轉向以野生動物為主題，反映了英國國內對環境保護和「綠色」運動日益增長的重視。蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭發行自己的鈔票，其設計通常與英格蘭和威爾斯的設計不同。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 描繪、呈現於貨幣或藝術品上
在本文中： 諮詢、徵求公眾意見的過程
在本文中： 偽造、製造假幣的行為
在本文中： 有魅力的、吸引人的（常用於形容受大眾喜愛的物種）
在本文中： 將（消失的物種）重新引進回原棲息地
在本文中： 裝飾、點綴
在本文中： 非傳統的、不尋常的
在本文中： 適應力強的、有韌性的
在本文中： 典型地、最精髓地
在本文中： 遺產、傳統（指自然或文化遺產）
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Something that causes disagreement or debate; not universally accepted.
並非沒有爭議
A significant and courageous change from traditional or previous methods.
對傳統的重大突破/背離
To increase people's knowledge or understanding of a particular issue.
提升意識、喚起關注
To create a small list of candidates selected from a larger group for final consideration.
編寫候選名單/決選名單
A formal process in which government bodies or organizations seek the opinions of the public on new policies or changes.
公眾諮詢
Predatory species that have widespread popular appeal and are often used by environmental groups to achieve conservation goals.
具魅力的捕食者
The deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas, where it was once native but has since disappeared.
重新引入
A change from what is usual or expected; a deviation from a previous style or tradition.
偏離 / 突破
The inclusion of different types of people, groups, or species in a way that is fair and gives them a voice or presence.
代表性 / 呈現