EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had already left' happened before 'got to the stop'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或另一個過去動作之前，就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「公車已經開走 (had already left)」發生在「我到達公車站 (got to the stop)」之前。
By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
在我們到達之前，電影就已經開始了。
EN： The adverb 'already' is commonly used with the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that something happened sooner than expected or before a specific point in time. It is placed between the auxiliary verb 'had' and the past participle.
中文： 副詞「already（已經）」常用於過去完成式中，以強調某事比預期更早發生，或在特定時間點之前就已發生。它通常置於助動詞「had」與過去分詞之間。
I had already finished my homework before dinner.
在晚餐前，我早就已經寫完功課了。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (Had + Past Participle) in questions: Used to ask about an action that was completed before another point in the past. In questions, the auxiliary verb 'had' is placed before the subject.
中文： 過去完成式（Had + 過去分詞）的疑問句：用於詢問在過去某個時間點或動作之前，已經完成的動作。在疑問句中，助動詞「had」要置於主詞之前。
Had you finished the report before the meeting started?
會議開始前你已經完成報告了嗎？
EN： The adverb 'before' at the end of a sentence: Often used with the past perfect tense to mean 'prior to the past time/event being discussed'.
中文： 副詞「before」置於句尾：常用於過去完成式，表示「在所討論的過去時間或事件之前」。
I realized I had never seen him before.
我意識到我以前從未見過他。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific point in the past. In this sentence, 'had never missed' indicates that the state of never missing the bus/train occurred prior to 'that day'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作或狀態。在本句中，「had never missed」表示「從未錯過」這一狀態一直持續到「那天」之前。
I had never seen such a beautiful sunset until I visited Greece.
在我去希臘旅遊之前，我從未見過如此美麗的日落。
EN： The adverb 'never' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'had' and the main verb (past participle) to express a negative experience up to a past point in time. The prepositional phrase 'until that day' marks the specific boundary in the past when this state changed.
中文： 否定副詞「never」（從不）置於助動詞「had」與主要動詞（過去分詞）之間，用來表示截至過去某個時間點為止的否定經驗。而介係詞片語「until that day」（直到那天）則標示出過去這個狀態發生改變的特定界線。
They had never eaten sushi until they moved to Tokyo.
在他們搬到東京之前，他們從未吃過壽司。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had started' happened before 'arrived'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「電影開始（had started）」發生在「我們到達（arrived）」之前。
By the time I woke up, my father had already left for work.
當我醒來時，我父親已經出門去上班了。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'by the time' is used to introduce a time clause, meaning 'no later than the moment that'. It often pairs with the past perfect tense in the main clause to show a sequence of past events.
中文： 連接詞片語「by the time」用於引導時間副詞子句，意思是「最遲在...的時候」或「當...之時」。它經常與主要子句中的過去完成式搭配使用，以表示過去事件的先後順序。
By the time the police arrived, the thief had run away.
當警察到達時，小偷已經逃跑了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前，就已經完成的動作。
By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
在我們到達之前，電影就已經開始了。
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific time or event (in this case, 'dinner').
中文： 介係詞「before」用於表示某事發生在特定時間或事件（在此指「晚餐」）之前。
Please wash your hands before lunch.
午餐前請先洗手。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action or point in time in the past. In this sentence, 'had lost' happened before she 'was sad'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「弄丟鑰匙（had lost）」發生在「難過（was sad）」之前。
He was hungry because he had not eaten lunch.
他那時很餓，因為他沒有吃午餐。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason or cause of something. It connects the main clause (the result) with the subordinate clause (the reason).
中文： 從屬連接詞「because（因為）」用於引導表示原因的從屬子句。它將主要子句（結果）與從屬子句（原因）連接起來。
She stayed home because it was raining.
她待在家裡，因為那時正在下雨。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had planned' happened before 'rained'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或另一個過去動作之前，就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「規劃旅行」（had planned）發生在「下雨」（rained）之前。
I had finished my homework before my mom came home.
在媽媽回到家之前，我已經寫完功課了。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. The clause following 'before' uses the simple past tense to represent the later event.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）用於連接兩個從句，以表示事件的時間先後順序。接在「before」後面的從句使用簡單過去式，代表較晚發生的事件。
They had left the office before the storm started.
在暴風雨開始之前，他們就已經離開辦公室了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had eaten' happened first, and 'washed' happened second.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「吃完飯 (had eaten)」發生在先，「洗碗 (washed)」發生在後。
After she had finished her homework, she watched TV.
在她寫完功課後，她看了電視。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'after' describe the sequence of events. When the 'after' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 由引導詞 'after'（在……之後）引導的時間副詞子句，用來描述事件的先後順序。當 'after' 子句放在句首時，與主要子句之間必須用逗號隔開。
After we had packed our bags, we left for the airport.
在我們打包好行李後，我們就出發去機場了。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action happened before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had forgotten' happened before the action of realizing ('realized').
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示某個動作在過去另一個動作或時間點之前已經完成。在本句中，「忘記帶傘」（had forgotten）發生在「意識到」（realized）這個過去動作之前。
She realized she had left her phone at home.
她意識到她把手機忘在家裡了。
EN： The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal English when introducing a noun clause (object clause) after verbs of mental activity like 'realize', 'think', or 'know'. Here, 'I had forgotten my umbrella' is the object clause of 'realized'.
中文： 在非正式英語中，引導名詞子句（賓語從句）的連接詞「that」在表示心理活動的動詞（如 realize、think、know）後面經常會被省略。在本句中，「I had forgotten my umbrella」是「realized」的賓語從句。
I knew (that) you would come.
我知道（那時）你一定會來。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had cleaned' happened before 'came'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「打掃房間 (had cleaned)」發生在「我們到來 (came)」之前。
I had finished my homework before dinner.
我在晚餐前就已經做完功課了。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating that the action in the main clause (Past Perfect) occurred prior to the action in the subordinate clause (Simple Past).
中文： 從屬連接詞「before (在...之前)」用於連接兩個從句，表示主句的動作（過去完成式）發生在從屬子句的動作（簡單過去式）之前。
We had planned the trip before it rained.
在下雨之前，我們就已經規劃好這次旅行了。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action or experience that occurred before a specific point in the past. In this sentence, 'had never seen' indicates that the experience of seeing such a crowd did not happen at any point prior to that past moment.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經發生或未曾發生的動作或經驗。在此句子中，「had never seen」表示在過去那個時刻之前，從未有過看見如此龐大人群的經驗。
I had never tasted sushi before I went to Japan.
在我去日本之前，我從未嚐過壽司。
EN： 'Such a/an + adjective + singular countable noun' is a structure used for emphasis, meaning 'of this/that kind' or 'so great'. It intensifies the description of the noun.
中文： 「such a/an + 形容詞 + 單數可數名詞」是用於加強語氣的結構，意為「如此的...」或「這樣特別的...」，用來強化對該名詞的描繪。
It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic.
那是如此美好的一天，以至於我們決定去野餐。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had saved' happened before the past action 'crashed'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「存檔 (had saved)」發生在另一個過去動作「當機 (crashed)」之前。
By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
在我們到達之前，電影就已經開始了。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. The event in the 'before' clause happens second.
中文： 從屬連接詞「before（在……之前）」用於連接兩個子句，以表示事件發生的先後順序。在 before 子句中的事件較晚發生。
I had finished my homework before dinner.
我在晚餐前就已經做完功課了。
EN： The verb 'plan' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express an intention or a future action that was decided upon.
中文： 動詞「plan」（計劃）後面須接不定詞（to + 原形動詞），用來表示意圖或決定要做的未來行動。
We planned to visit the museum, but it was closed.
我們計劃去參觀博物館，但它關門了。
EN： The simple past tense ('planned') is used here to describe a completed action or state of mind that occurred at a specific time in the past ('Last Sunday').
中文： 此處使用簡單過去式（「planned」）來描述在過去特定時間（「上個星期天」）所發生且已完成的動作或心態。
Last night I decided to stay home.
昨晚我決定留在家裡。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had stayed up' happened before the past action 'woke up'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「熬夜」（had stayed up）發生在「起床」（woke up）這個過去動作之前。
I woke up late because I had stayed up too long the night before.
我起床晚了，因為我前一天晚上熬夜太久。
EN： The phrasal verb 'stay up' means to go to bed later than usual. It is often followed by 'late' or 'too long' to describe the duration.
中文： 片語動詞「stay up」意為「熬夜」或「比平時晚睡」。通常後接「late」（晚）或「too long」（太久）來描述持續的時間。
She stayed up late to study for her final exam.
她為了準備期末考試而熬夜到很晚。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had already left' happened before 'reached'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或動作之前，就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「火車已經開走（had already left）」發生在「我到達車站（reached）」之前。
By the time we arrived at the theater, the movie had already started.
當我們到達電影院時，電影已經開始了。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'by the time' is used to establish a deadline or a point in time by which something else has occurred. It is typically followed by a simple past verb, while the main clause uses the past perfect.
中文： 連接詞片語「by the time」（到了…的時候）用於設定一個時間點或截止時間，在此時間點之前另一件事已經發生。後面通常接一般過去式動詞，而主句則使用過去完成式。
By the time he finished his homework, everyone had gone to bed.
當他寫完功課時，大家都已經上床睡覺了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or point in time in the past. Here, 'had never missed' happened before the past action 'felt'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句中，「從未錯過」（had never missed）發生在過去的動作「感到」（felt）之前。
She had already eaten dinner when I arrived.
當我到達時，她已經吃過晚餐了。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to introduce a clause that shows the result or consequence of the preceding clause.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（所以）用於引導一個表示前面子句結果或影響的子句。
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
那時正在下雨，所以我們待在室內。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, public transportation schedules (like trains) are expected to be punctual. Missing a train can cause significant delays in one's daily schedule, which explains the strong emotional reaction ('very upset') of the speaker.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，大眾運輸工具（如火車）通常被要求要準點。錯過火車可能會對個人的日常行程造成重大延誤，這解釋了說話者為何會有如此強烈的情緒反應（「非常沮喪」）。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had not checked' happened before the past action 'remembered'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「沒有確認過（had not checked）」發生在過去動作「想起（remembered）」之前。
I realized that I had left my keys at home.
我意識到我把鑰匙忘在家裡了。
EN： A noun clause starting with 'that' can function as the direct object of a transitive verb (like 'remembered'). The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in casual speech but is kept here for clarity.
中文： 由連接詞「that」引導的名詞子句可以作為及物動詞（如「remembered」）的直接受詞。在口語中「that」常被省略，但在此處保留以使語意更清晰。
She remembered that she had an appointment today.
她想起她今天有一個預約。
EN： Indirect speech (reported speech) is used to report what someone else said. When the reporting verb (e.g., 'told') is in the past tense, the tenses in the reported clause usually shift back (backshift). Here, the original spoken words 'Another train has not come yet' (present perfect) shift to the past perfect 'had not come yet'.
中文： 間接引語（轉述語氣）用於轉述他人所說的話。當主要動詞（如 'told'）為過去式時，被轉述子句中的時態通常需要往回推一個時態（時態後退）。在此句中，原本說話的內容「另一班火車還沒來」（現在完成式）轉述後變成了過去完成式「had not come yet」。
She told me that she had already finished her work.
她告訴我她已經完成工作了。
EN： The past perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action happened before another action in the past. In this sentence, the train's failure to arrive ('had not come') happened before the worker spoke ('told').
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經發生或未發生的動作。在本句中，火車還沒來（had not come）的狀態發生在工作人員告知（told）之前。
By the time I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
當我到達車站時，火車已經開走了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or state in the past. In this sentence, 'had given up' happened before the state of being glad ('was').
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或狀態之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「已經放棄」（had given up）發生在「感到高興」（was glad）之前。
She was disappointed because she had lost her keys.
她很失望，因為她弄丟了鑰匙。
EN： The adverb 'almost' is used to indicate that something was very close to happening but did not actually happen. In past perfect constructions, it is placed between the auxiliary verb 'had' and the past participle.
中文： 副詞「almost」（幾乎）用於表示某事差一點就發生，但實際上並未發生。在過去完成式的結構中，它位於助動詞「had」與過去分詞之間。
I had almost finished my homework when the power went out.
停電時，我幾乎快要寫完功課了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had waited' occurred before the past action of 'arrived'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「已經等待（had waited）」發生在過去的動作「抵達（arrived）」之前。
By the time the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： The adverb 'finally' is used to emphasize that something happened after a long time or after some difficulty, usually placed before the main verb.
中文： 副詞「finally（終於）」用來強調某事在經歷了很長時間或困難之後才發生，通常置於主要動詞之前。
After searching for an hour, she finally found her keys.
找了一個小時後，她終於找到了她的鑰匙。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, punctuality is highly valued. Arriving an hour late for a meeting with friends is generally considered a significant delay, which is why the speaker uses the past perfect tense to emphasize the long duration their friends had to wait before the arrival.
中文： 在英語系國家中，守時是一項非常重要的社交禮儀。與朋友聚會遲到一個小時通常被視為嚴重的耽擱，這也是為什麼說話者使用過去完成式來強調朋友們在自己抵達之前，已經無奈地等待了極長的時間。
EN： The verb 'learn' can be followed by a noun clause starting with 'that' (often omitted in informal speech) which functions as the direct object, expressing the fact or information that was acquired.
中文： 動詞「learn」（學習、得知）後面可以接由「that」引導的名詞子句（在口語中常省略）作為直接受詞，用來表示所學到或得知的具體事實或資訊。
She learned that honesty is the best policy.
她學到了誠實是上策。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to express duty, advice, or recommendation. In this sentence, it indicates a wise or necessary action to take.
中文： 情態助動詞「should」用來表示義務、建議或勸告。在本句中，它表示一個明智或有必要採取的行動。
You should drink more water every day.
你每天應該多喝水。
EN： Wh-questions with the verb 'to be' in the past simple tense. In this structure, the question word (Why) is followed by the past tense form of 'be' (were), then the subject (you), and finally the adjective/complement (late).
中文： 使用過去簡單式 be 動詞的 Wh- 問句。在此結構中，疑問詞 (Why) 後面接 be 動詞的過去式 (were)，接著是主詞 (you)，最後是形容詞/補語 (late)。
Why were you angry yesterday?
你昨天為什麼生氣？
EN： Adverbials of time like 'this morning' are used to specify when an action or state occurred in the past. They usually appear at the end of the clause.
中文： 時間副詞（如 'this morning'）用於明確指出過去某個動作或狀態發生的時間，通常置於子句的末尾。
I saw him this morning.
我今天早上看到他了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, asking 'Why were you late?' in a casual or friendly tone among peers (like Sarah to Ryan) is common and shows friendly concern rather than strict interrogation. Adding the person's name at the end softens the question.
中文： 在英語系國家中，同儕之間（如莎拉對萊恩）以輕鬆或友善的語氣詢問「你為什麼遲到？」是很常見的，這通常代表友善的關心，而非嚴厲的審問。在句末加上對方的名字（萊恩）能使語氣顯得更溫和。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had left' happened before 'got there'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「公車開走 (had left)」發生在「我到達那裡 (got there)」之前。
The movie had already started when we arrived at the theater.
當我們到達電影院時，電影已經開始了。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. The clause following 'before' usually uses the Simple Past tense.
中文： 從屬連接詞「before（在……之前）」用於連接兩個子句，以表示事件發生的先後順序。緊跟在 before 後面的子句通常使用簡單過去式。
I had finished my homework before I went to bed.
我在睡覺前就已經做完功課了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前，就已經完成的動作。
By the time we arrived, the movie had started.
在我們到達之前，電影就已經開始了。
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific point in time or another event.
中文： 介係詞「before」用於表示某個事件發生在特定時間點或另一個事件之前。
I had finished my homework before dinner.
我在晚餐前就已經做完了功課。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in time in the past. In this question, 'had you been' refers to the period before 'last week'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經完成的動作。在此問句中，「had you been」指的是在「上週」這個時間點之前發生的狀態。
Had you finished the report before the meeting started?
在會議開始之前，你已經完成報告了嗎？
EN： The adverb 'ever' is commonly used in past perfect questions to mean 'at any time before the specified past time'. It is placed between the subject and the past participle.
中文： 副詞「ever」（曾經）常用於過去完成式的問句中，表示「在過去指定時間之前的任何時候」。它通常置於主詞與過去分詞之間。
Had they ever met him before that night?
在那天晚上之前，他們曾見過他嗎？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, asking about someone's past travels or experiences using the Past Perfect is common when establishing a timeline of events, especially when discussing a specific past trip or event that occurred recently.
中文： 在英語系國家中，當要釐清過去事件的時間軸時（特別是討論到最近發生的某次旅行或事件），使用過去完成式來詢問對方在此之前的經歷是非常常見且自然的表達方式。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'had never visited' indicates that the action of visiting did not happen at any point prior to the past reference point.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「had never visited」表示在過去那個時間點之前的任何時候，都從未發生過拜訪該地的行為。
I had already finished my homework when my friend called me.
當我朋友打電話給我時，我已經做完功課了。
EN： The adverb 'never' is used to express negation meaning 'at no time'. In the past perfect tense, 'never' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'had' and the past participle (visited). The word 'before' is used at the end of the sentence to reinforce the idea of 'prior to that past time'.
中文： 否定副詞「never」用於表示「從未、絕不」。在過去完成式中，「never」置於助動詞「had」與過去分詞（visited）之間。句尾的「before」則用來加強「在該過去時間點之前」的概念。
She had never seen a glacier before she went to Alaska.
在她去阿拉斯加之前，她從未見過冰河。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had read' happened before 'began'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前，已經完成的動作。在本句中，「已經讀完 (had read)」發生在「課堂開始 (began)」之前。
By the time the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： The phrase 'by the time' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a time clause, meaning 'no later than the moment that'. It is commonly paired with the past perfect in the main clause.
中文： 片語「by the time」是一個從屬連接詞，用來引導時間副詞子句，意思是「最遲在...之時」或「到...的時候」。主句通常會搭配過去完成式使用。
By the time he arrived at the station, the train had left.
到他抵達車站時，火車已經開走了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had run' happened before the past state of feeling tired ('felt').
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「跑了很久」（had run）發生在「感到疲倦」（felt）這個過去狀態之前。
She was hungry because she had not eaten breakfast.
她肚子餓是因為她沒有吃早餐。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason or cause for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導一個表示原因或理由的從屬子句，用來解釋主句動作發生的原因。
They stayed home because it was raining.
他們待在家裡是因為正在下雨。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前，已經完成的動作。
I had finished my homework before my mom came home.
在媽媽回到家之前，我已經寫完功課了。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, showing the chronological order of events. The action in the 'before' clause happens second and is in the simple past tense.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）用於連接兩個從句，以顯示事件的時間順序。在「before」引導的從句中的動作較晚發生，須使用一般過去式。
He washed his hands before he ate dinner.
他在吃晚餐之前洗了手。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had studied' happened before 'knew'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前，就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「努力讀書 (had studied)」發生在「知道答案 (knew)」之前。
She had already left when I arrived at the station.
當我到達車站時，她已經離開了。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason or cause for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because（因為）」用來引導一個表示原因的從屬子句，說明主句動作發生的原因。
We stayed indoors because it was raining heavily.
因為雨下得很大，所以我們待在室內。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had packed' happened before 'left'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或動作之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「打包（had packed）」發生在「出發（left）」之前。
After she had finished her homework, she watched TV.
在她寫完功課之後，她看了電視。
EN： The phrasal verb 'leave for' means to depart in order to go to a specific destination. 'Leave for the trip' means to start the journey.
中文： 片語動詞「leave for」表示出發前往某個特定的目的地。「leave for the trip」意指啟程去旅行。
They left for the airport early in the morning.
他們大清早就出發去機場了。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 意識到、明白、領悟
在本文中： 幸好、幸運地
在本文中： （電腦系統或程式）當機、崩潰
在本文中： 難過的、沮喪的、生氣的
在本文中： 時刻表、日程表
在本文中： 截止日期、最後限期
在本文中： 人群、群眾
在本文中： 準備、預備
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To go to bed later than usual.
熬夜、不睡覺
To stop believing that something good will happen or that you will succeed.
放棄希望
Used to say that something has already happened when something else happens.
到了…的時候、在…之前