EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. In this sentence, 'is made' emphasizes the creation of the vase.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的客體，而非執行動作的人。在本句中，「is made」（被製作）強調了花瓶的創作過程。
This book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名作家寫的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by hand' is an idiom meaning 'using the hands, rather than a machine'. It functions as an adverbial modifier of manner.
中文： 介係詞片語「by hand」是一個習慣用語，意思是「用手工，而非機器」。它在此處作為修飾動作方式的副詞修飾語。
The letters were all written by hand.
這些信件全部都是用手工寫的。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that something is 'made by hand' often implies high quality, uniqueness, and artisanal value, contrasting with mass-produced factory goods.
中文： 在英語系國家中，強調某物是「made by hand」（手工製作）通常意味著高品質、獨特性與工匠價值，這與工廠大量生產的商品形成對比。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'was woven' is the past passive form of 'weave'.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」。當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要時，會使用此句型。在本句中，「was woven」是動詞「weave」（編織）的過去被動形式。
The historic temple was built by local villagers in the 19th century.
這座歷史悠久的寺廟是由當地村民在 19 世紀建造的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action). Here, 'by skilled workers' indicates who did the weaving.
中文： 介係詞「by」在被動語態中用來引介動作的執行者（即發出動作的人或物）。在這裡，「by skilled workers」指明了編織工作是由誰完成的。
This beautiful portrait was painted by a famous street artist.
這幅美麗的肖像畫是由一位著名的街頭藝術家所畫的。
EN： Silk weaving is a traditional craft with thousands of years of history, particularly in Asian cultures. Describing it with passive voice ('was woven by skilled workers') emphasizes the craftsmanship and historical value of the textile, portraying it as a work of art rather than just a commercial product.
中文： 絲綢編織是一項擁有數千年歷史的傳統手工藝，在亞洲文化中尤為重要。使用被動語態（was woven by skilled workers）來描述，強調了這項紡織品的工藝技術與歷史價值，將其視為一種藝術品，而非僅僅是商品。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are painted' shows that the action of painting is done to 'these bowls'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「are painted」表示彩繪這個動作是被施加在「these bowls」（這些碗）上。
These toys are made of wood.
這些玩具是用木頭製成的。
EN： The preposition 'with' is used here to indicate the instrument, tool, or material used to perform an action. In this case, 'bright colors' are the medium used for painting.
中文： 介係詞「with」在此處用於表示用來執行動作的工具、儀器或材料。在這個句子中，「bright colors」（鮮豔的顏色）是彩繪所使用的媒介。
She wrote the letter with a blue pen.
她用一枝藍色的筆寫了那封信。
EN： The Past Simple Passive Voice (was/were + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the object of the action rather than the person who performed it. In this sentence, 'The temple' is the receiver of the action 'built', and the agent (who built it) is unknown or unimportant.
中文： 過去簡單式被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）用於強調動作本身或動作的承受者，而非執行動作的人。在此句子中，「The temple」（寺廟）是動作「built」（建造）的承受者，而建造者是誰並不重要或未知。
The ancient castle was destroyed during the war.
這座古堡在戰爭期間被摧毀了。
EN： The phrase 'hundreds of years ago' is a time expression used to indicate an approximate, long period of time in the past. 'Hundreds of' means several hundred, and 'ago' is placed after the time duration to mean back in the past from now.
中文： 片語「hundreds of years ago」是用於表示過去某個大約且久遠的時間點。「hundreds of」表示數百個，「ago」放在時間長度之後，表示從現在算起以前的時間。
This traditional dance was created hundreds of years ago.
這種傳統舞蹈是數百年前創造的。
EN： Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: When using a modal verb (like 'can', 'must', 'should') in the passive voice, the structure is 'modal verb + be + past participle'. This is used to show that something is possible or necessary to be done to the subject.
中文： 情態助動詞的被動語態：當在被動語態中使用情態助動詞（如 'can'、'must'、'should'）時，結構為「情態助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」。這用於表示某事對主詞而言是可能或必須被進行的。
The homework must be finished by tomorrow.
功課必須在明天前完成。
EN： The preposition 'into' is used after verbs of change or transformation (like 'fold', 'turn', 'change') to indicate the resulting state, shape, or form.
中文： 介係詞 'into' 的轉化用法：在表示改變或轉化的動詞（如 'fold' 折、'turn' 變成、'change' 改變）之後，使用 'into' 來表示轉化後所呈現的狀態、形狀或外觀。
Water turns into ice when it freezes.
水結冰時會變成冰。
EN： This sentence evokes the traditional art of origami (paper folding), which, while originating in East Asia, is widely appreciated globally as a creative craft that transforms a simple flat sheet of paper into complex 3D sculptures.
中文： 這句話讓人聯想到傳統的摺紙藝術（origami）。摺紙雖然起源於東亞，但如今在世界各地都被視為一種極具創意的工藝，能將一張簡單的平整紙張轉化為複雜的立體雕塑。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is held' (present simple passive) indicates a regular, repeated action.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在這裡，「is held」（現在簡單式被動語態）表示一個規律、重複發生的動作。
The meeting is held in the main conference room.
會議在主會議室舉行。
EN： Adverbials of time and place: In English, expressions of time (every autumn) and place (in the village) are typically placed at the end of the sentence, with the place often preceding the time, though 'every autumn' here acts as a frequency adverbial that fits naturally before the location.
中文： 時間與地點副詞：在英文中，時間（every autumn）和地點（in the village）的表達方式通常放在句尾。在此句中，頻率時間副詞與地點副詞結合，語意流暢地置於句末。
We play soccer every Sunday in the park.
我們每個星期天都在公園踢足球。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was dyed' indicates that the action of dyeing happened to the cloth in the past.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「was dyed」（被染色）表示對布料施加的染色動作發生在過去。
The house was painted last week.
這棟房子是上週粉刷的。
EN： The present participle 'using' acts as a participle preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'with the help of', introducing the instrument or method used to perform the action.
中文： 現在分詞「using」在此作為分詞介系詞使用，意思是「使用」或「藉由」，用來引出執行該動作所使用的工具或方法。
He solved the puzzle using a computer program.
他利用電腦程式解決了這個謎題。
EN： Natural dyeing is a traditional craft found in many cultures worldwide. Before the invention of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, all textiles were colored using organic materials derived from plants, minerals, and insects. Today, this eco-friendly method is experiencing a revival among artisans.
中文： 天然染色是全球許多文化中都能見到的傳統工藝。在19世紀合成染料發明之前，所有紡織品都是使用源自植物、礦物和昆蟲的有機材料來上色的。如今，這種環保的方法正在手工藝者之間復興。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe a regular action, a general truth, or a process where the doer of the action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown. In this sentence, 'is shaped' focuses on the action being done to the pottery.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於描述經常性的動作、普遍事實或某個製作過程，此時動作的執行者通常顯而易見、不重要或未知。在本句中，「is shaped」（被塑形）強調了陶器所接受的動作。
The glass is blown by hand in this workshop.
這個工作坊裡的玻璃是用手工吹製的。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used to indicate position on a surface or a machine that rotates or operates as a platform, such as 'a spinning wheel'.
中文： 介係詞「on」用於表示在某個表面上，或是指在旋轉、作為平台操作的機器上，例如「spinning wheel」（拉坯機/旋轉輪）。
The clay is placed on the table.
黏土被放置在桌子上。
EN： A 'spinning wheel' in pottery is commonly referred to as a 'potter's wheel'. It is an ancient invention that allowed potters to create symmetrical, round ceramic vessels. This traditional craft is highly valued worldwide as an art form that connects natural elements (clay, water, fire) with human skill.
中文： 製陶用的「spinning wheel」通常被稱為「potter's wheel」（陶輪/拉坯機）。這是一項古老的發明，讓陶藝師能夠製作出對稱、圓潤的陶瓷器皿。這項傳統工藝在全球被視為一種將自然元素（泥土、水、火）與人類技藝相結合的珍貴藝術形式。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are carved' indicates that the masks receive the action of carving.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「are carved」（被雕刻）表示面具是接受雕刻動作的客體。
The wooden toys are painted by local artists.
這些木製玩具是由當地藝術家彩繪的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used to indicate the source material from which something is made, especially when the material has undergone a physical change but is still recognizable.
中文： 介係詞「from」在此用於表示製作某物的原料，特別是當該原料經過物理變化但仍能辨識其本質時。
This table is made from strong oak wood.
這張桌子是用堅固的橡木製成的。
EN： Woodcarving is a traditional craft in many cultures worldwide. Using 'soft wood' (such as pine, linden, or cedar) is a common practice because it is easier to carve intricate details by hand compared to hardwood.
中文： 木雕是全球許多文化中的傳統手工藝。使用「軟木」（如松木、椴木或雪松）是常見的作法，因為與硬木相比，軟木更容易用手工雕刻出複雜精細的細節。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'was passed down' indicates that the recipe received the action of being handed down.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在這裡，「was passed down」表示食譜接受了「代代相傳」這個動作。
The traditional song was written by an unknown artist.
這首傳統歌曲是由一位無名藝術家所寫的。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass down' means to give or teach something to people who are younger or who will live after you. It is often used with cultural traditions, recipes, or family heirlooms.
中文： 片語動詞「pass down」意為將某物傳給或教授給比自己年輕或後代的人。常用於文化傳統、食譜或傳家寶的傳承。
These skills were passed down from father to son.
這些技能是由父親傳授給兒子的。
EN： In many cultures, family recipes are considered precious heirlooms, passed down orally or through handwritten notebooks from generation to generation, representing family history and identity.
中文： 在許多文化中，家族食譜被視為珍貴的傳家寶，透過口頭或手寫筆記代代相傳，代表著家族的歷史與認同感。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is drawn' indicates that the pattern receives the action of drawing.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is drawn」（被繪製）表示圖案是接受繪製動作的主體。
The picture was painted by a famous artist.
這幅畫是由一位著名的藝術家繪製的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with + abstract noun' (e.g., 'with care') functions as an adverbial phrase, describing how an action is performed. 'With great care' means 'very carefully'.
中文： 介系詞片語「with + 抽象名詞」（例如 with care）可用作副詞片語，用來修飾動作進行的方式。「With great care」的意思就是「非常小心地、極其用心地上」。
She handled the fragile glass with care.
她非常小心地拿著那易碎的玻璃杯。
EN： Passive Voice in Present Simple Tense: Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. Here, 'are sung' is the passive form of the verb 'sing'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在此句中，「are sung」是動詞「sing」的被動形式。
These letters are written by hand.
這些信件是用手寫的。
EN： Adverb Placement ('still'): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action or situation that continues to happen. In sentences with auxiliary or 'be' verbs, 'still' is typically placed after the first auxiliary/be verb and before the main verb.
中文： 副詞「still」（仍然）的位置：副詞「still」用於描述持續發生的動作或情況。在含有助動詞或 be 動詞的句子中，「still」通常放在第一個助動詞/be 動詞之後，主動詞之前。
The keys are still kept in the drawer.
鑰匙仍然被放在抽屜裡。
EN： In many cultures, including English-speaking ones, traditional or 'old' songs hold a significant place in weddings. They connect the couple to their heritage and community, symbolizing continuity and the preservation of cultural identity across generations.
中文： 在許多文化（包括英語系國家）中，傳統或「老」歌在婚禮上占有重要地位。這些歌曲將新人與他們的文化傳承及社群連結在一起，象徵著世代之間的延續與文化認同的保存。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are made' emphasizes that the crafts undergo the action of making.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「are made」強調手工藝品是被製作的過程。
These glass bottles are recycled in this factory.
這些玻璃瓶是在這家工廠回收的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by hand' is an adverbial phrase of manner, indicating that something is done using manual labor rather than machines.
中文： 介系詞片語「by hand」是表示方式的副詞片語，意為「手工地」，指出某事是透過人力而非機器完成的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the object receiving the action rather than the doer. It is commonly used to describe processes or general facts.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於描述動作，此時焦點在於接受動作的客體而非執行者。這常用於描述製作過程或客觀事實。
These beautiful baskets are woven from bamboo.
這些美麗的籃子是用竹子編織而成的。
EN： Prepositional phrases of place ('In one village' and 'on a spinning wheel') are used to provide spatial context. 'In' is used for a general area or community, while 'on' is used for a specific surface or machine.
中文： 地方介係詞片語（「In one village」與「on a spinning wheel」）用於提供空間背景。「In」用於較廣泛的區域或社區，而「on」則用於特定的表面或機器上。
On this table, the clay is kept moist.
在這張桌子上，陶土被保持濕潤。
EN： A 'spinning wheel' in the context of pottery is commonly referred to as a 'potter's wheel' (拉坯機). Traditional pottery making is a highly respected craft in many cultures, often passed down through generations in specific artisan villages.
中文： 在陶藝語境中，「spinning wheel」通常指「potter's wheel」（陶工旋轉輪，或稱拉坯機）。在許多文化中，傳統陶藝製作是一項備受尊重的工藝，通常在特定的手工藝村莊中代代相傳。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action itself is more important than who performs it. In this sentence, 'is dug' and '[is] cleaned' are passive verbs describing what happens to 'the clay'.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）：當動作本身比動作的執行者更重要時使用。在本句中，「is dug」（被挖掘）和「[is] cleaned」（被清洗）是被動語態動詞，用來描述「黏土」所經歷的動作。
The letters are delivered every morning.
這些信件每天早上都會被遞送。
EN： Ellipsis in Coordinate Clauses: When two passive verbs share the same subject ('the clay') and auxiliary verb ('is') connected by 'and', the second auxiliary verb 'is' can be omitted (ellipsed) to avoid repetition.
中文： 對等子句中的省略：當兩個被動語態動詞由「and」連接，且共享相同的生詞（the clay）與助動詞（is）時，第二個助動詞「is」可以省略，以避免重複（即 and [is] cleaned）。
The food was prepared and served by volunteers.
食物是由志工準備並端上桌的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than who performs it. Here, 'is dried' shows that the pot undergoes the drying process.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的客體，而非執行動作的人。在這裡，「is dried」（被晾曬）表示罐子經歷了乾燥的過程。
The letters are delivered every morning.
信件每天早上會被送達。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for + [duration]' is used to express how long an action or state lasts. In this sentence, 'for days' means the drying process continues for several days.
中文： 介係詞片語「for + [時間長度]」用於表示某個動作或狀態持續了多久。在本句中，「for days」表示乾燥過程持續了數天之久。
They stayed in the village for weeks.
他們在村子裡待了幾個星期。
EN： The Present Simple Passive (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe facts, general truths, or processes where the action is more important than who performs it. In this sentence, 'are mixed' shows that the mixing of colors is a general fact.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於描述事實、普遍真理或過程，此時動作本身比執行者更重要。在本句中，「are mixed」表示混合顏色的過程是一個普遍事實。
Paper is made from wood.
紙張是由木頭製成的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used here to indicate the source or origin of the materials (plants and minerals) used to create the colors.
中文： 介系詞「from」在此處用於表示製作顏色所使用原料（植物和礦物）的來源或起點。
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是由葡萄釀造的。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'Patterns' (plural subject) is paired with 'are painted'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：由「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」構成。當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時使用。在此處，複數主詞「Patterns」與「are painted」搭配使用。
The letters are delivered every morning.
信件每天早上都會被遞送。
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency/Manner 'one ... at a time': This structure is used to describe doing things individually and sequentially rather than all at once. 'One careful line at a time' specifies the meticulous manner of the painting process.
中文： 頻率/方式副詞片語「one ... at a time」（一次一個...）：此結構用於描述逐一、按順序做事，而非一次全部做好。這裡的「one careful line at a time」具體說明了繪畫過程中細緻、耐心的動作方式。
Please enter the room one person at a time.
請一次一人進入房間。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than who performs it. Here, 'are baked' indicates that the pots undergo the baking process.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象，而非執行者。在這裡，「are baked」表示陶罐經歷了烘烤的過程。
The bread is baked fresh every morning.
麵包每天早上都是新鮮烘烤的。
EN： The conjunction 'until' is used to show that an action or situation continues up to a specific time or event. In this sentence, it connects the main clause with an adverbial clause of time.
中文： 連接詞「until」（直到……為止）用於表示某個動作或狀態持續到特定的時間或事件發生。在本句中，它連接了主句與時間副詞子句。
Stir the mixture until it is smooth.
攪拌混合物，直到它變得滑順為止。
EN： Passive Voice in Past Simple Tense: Formed with 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'were taught' indicates that the skills received the action of teaching in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態：由「was/were + 過去分詞 (V3)」構成。用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「were taught」表示這些工藝技術在過去接受了「傳授」這一動作。
These beautiful songs were written by her grandfather.
這些優美的歌曲是由她的祖父創作的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by... to...': 'By' introduces the agent (the doer of the action in a passive sentence), while 'to' indicates the recipient of the action (the people who receive the teaching).
中文： 介系詞片語「by... to...」的用法：「by」引導出動作的執行者（被動句中的施動者），而「to」則指出動作的接受者（接受教導的人）。
The secret was passed by the chef to his apprentice.
這個秘密是由主廚傳授給他的學徒的。
EN： In many traditional cultures, crafts and artisanal skills are not learned in formal schools but are passed down orally and through hands-on practice from generation to generation within families, preserving cultural heritage and family identity.
中文： 在許多傳統文化中，手工藝和匠人技術並非在正規學校中學習，而是在家庭內部通過口傳身授、手把手實踐的方式代代相傳，以此保護文化遺產和家族認同感。
EN： Present Perfect Passive Voice (have/has been + past participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態（have/has been + 過去分詞）用於描述一個從過去開始並持續到現在的動作，強調動作的承受者而非執行者。
These traditions have been kept alive by local families.
這些傳統一直由當地的家庭保持著活力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for centuries' is used with the present perfect tense to indicate the duration of an action or state spanning hundreds of years up to the present.
中文： 介系詞片語「for centuries」（幾個世紀以來）與現在完成式連用，表示某個動作或狀態跨越數百年一直持續到現在的時間長度。
The castle has stood on the hill for centuries.
這座城堡已經在山丘上屹立了幾個世紀。
EN： This sentence reflects the deep appreciation for traditional craftsmanship and cultural preservation. In many cultures, passing down handmade techniques through generations is a source of community pride and identity, contrasting with modern mass production.
中文： 這句話反映了對傳統手工藝和文化保存的深切讚賞。在許多文化中，世代相傳的手工技藝是社區自豪感和認同感的來源，這與現代的工業化量產形成了鮮明對比。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'the work' is the receiver of the action 'is shared'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（am/is/are + 過去分詞）用於將焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「the work」（這項工作）是動作「is shared」（被分享）的接受者。
The local traditions are taught to young children.
當地的傳統被教授給年幼的孩子們。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'from far away' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'visitors', indicating their place of origin.
中文： 介系詞片語「from far away」（來自遠方）在此作為形容詞使用，修飾名詞「visitors」（訪客），表示他們的來源地。
We received letters from far away.
我們收到了來自遠方的信件。
EN： This sentence reflects a common modern trend in traditional craft villages worldwide, where local artisans open their workshops to global tourists. This cultural exchange helps sustain traditional arts financially and keeps heritage alive through education.
中文： 這句話反映了全球傳統工藝村落的一個現代常見趨勢：當地手工藝人向全球遊客開放他們的工作坊。這種文化交流不僅在經濟上支持了傳統藝術的延續，也透過教育讓文化遺產得以代代相傳。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is loved' and 'is kept' are passive verbs.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is loved」（被喜愛）和「is kept」（被保存）皆為被動語態。
The old temple is visited by thousands of people every year.
這座古老的寺廟每年都有數千人造訪。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to show that one event triggers another. In this structure, the present simple tense is used in the 'when' clause to refer to a general truth or future condition.
中文： 由「when」（當……時）引導的時間副詞子句，用於表示一個事件引發另一個事件。在此結構中，when 子句使用現在簡單式來表示普遍真理或未來的條件。
When a language is spoken, it stays alive.
當一種語言被使用時，它就會保持活力。
EN： This sentence reflects a universal cultural value: the preservation of traditional crafts. In many cultures, traditional arts and crafts are not just hobbies but vital links to history and identity. Passing these skills to the next generation ensures that cultural heritage remains 'alive' rather than becoming extinct museum pieces.
中文： 這句話反映了一個普世的文化價值觀：傳統手工藝的傳承。在許多文化中，傳統手工藝不僅僅是業餘愛好，更是連接歷史與文化認同的重要紐帶。將這些技藝傳授給下一代，能確保文化遺產保持「活態」傳承，而不是僅僅成為博物館裡的陳列品。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are passed on' emphasizes that the traditions are being transmitted, while the agent (the people passing them on) is omitted because it is obvious or general.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在此處，「are passed on」（被傳承）強調了傳統正在被傳遞，而執行者（傳承傳統的人們）因顯而易見或泛指大眾而被省略。
These stories are told to children every night.
這些故事每天晚上都會被講給孩子們聽。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass on' means to transmit or hand down something (like knowledge, traditions, or objects) to the next generation or to another person.
中文： 片語動詞「pass on」意為將某物（如知識、傳統或物品）傳遞或傳承給下一代或另一個人。
The family recipe was passed on to her daughter.
這道家傳食譜被傳承給了她的女兒。
EN： In many cultures, traditional crafts and songs are not just hobbies but essential parts of cultural identity. The phrase 'passed on with pride' reflects the deep respect and emotional connection younger generations hold for their ancestors' heritage, ensuring these practices do not fade away in the modern world.
中文： 在許多文化中，傳統手工藝和歌謠不僅僅是業餘愛好，更是文化認同的核心部分。「with pride」（伴隨著自豪感）這個片語反映了年輕一代對祖先遺產的深切尊重與情感連結，確保這些傳統在現代世界中不會消逝。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice in Questions: Used to ask about a process or how something is created. It is formed with 'How' + 'is/are' + subject + past participle (V3).
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態問句：用於詢問某個製作過程或某物是如何被創造的。其結構為「How」+「is/are」+ 主詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)。
How is this bread made?
這個麵包是怎麼做的？
EN： Direct Address with Comma: When addressing someone directly by name at the end of a sentence, a comma must be placed before the name.
中文： 直接呼語與逗號的使用：在句子末尾直接稱呼某人的名字時，名字前面必須加上逗號，以示停頓與區隔。
Where are you going, John?
你要去哪裡，約翰？
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. Here, 'is shaped' and 'is painted' (with 'is' omitted in the second part to avoid repetition) describe what happens to the bowl.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的客體，而非執行動作的人。在此處，「is shaped」（塑形）與「is painted」（繪製，後半句省略了重複的 is）描述了這只碗所經歷的工序。
The wooden box is carved by an old artist.
這個木盒是由一位老藝術家雕刻而成的。
EN： Prepositional phrases of manner ('by hand' and 'with care') describe how an action is performed. 'By hand' means using manual labor instead of machines, and 'with care' means doing something attentively and gently.
中文： 表示方式的介系詞片語（如「by hand」與「with care」）用來描述動作是如何進行的。「By hand」表示用手工而非機器製作，「with care」則表示用心、細心地做某事。
She wrote the letter by hand with great care.
她非常用心地親手寫了這封信。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' followed by the past participle of the main verb. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the silk) rather than the doer.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (p.p.)」。當說話者想將焦點放在承受動作的人或物（如本句中的絲綢），而非執行動作的主體時，會使用此句型。
The temple was built hundreds of years ago.
這座寺廟是數百年前建造的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態中用來引介「動作的執行者」（即主動句中的主詞）。
This beautiful vase was made by hand.
這個美麗的花瓶是用手工製作的。
EN： Silk weaving has a rich history in many cultures, often associated with high status and meticulous craftsmanship. Describing items as 'woven by skilled workers' highlights the value of traditional, non-industrialized labor.
中文： 在許多文化中，絲織業擁有悠久的歷史，通常與高貴地位和精湛工藝聯繫在一起。形容物品為「由技術嫻熟的工人們織成」，強調了傳統非工業化手工勞動的珍貴價值。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. Here, 'are carved' indicates that the masks receive the action of carving.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象，而非執行動作的人。在這裡，「are carved」表示面具接受「雕刻」這一動作。
The wooden toys are painted by local artists.
這些木製玩具是由當地藝術家繪製的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used to indicate the source material from which something is made, especially when the original material has undergone a physical change but is still recognizable.
中文： 介係詞「from」用於表示製作某物的原料，特別是當原始材料經歷了物理變化但仍可辨認時。
This beautiful paper is made from bamboo.
這種美麗的紙張是用竹子製成的。
EN： Woodcarving is a traditional craft in many cultures worldwide. Softwoods, such as pine or linden, are often preferred by artisans for intricate hand-carving because they are easier to shape with hand tools compared to hardwoods.
中文： 木雕是全球許多文化中的傳統工藝。與硬木相比，手工藝人通常更喜歡使用松木或菩提木等軟木來進行精細的手工雕刻，因為它們更容易用手動工具進行塑形。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened to the subject in the past, especially when the person or thing performing the action is unknown or not important.
中文： 過去式被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）用於描述過去發生在主詞身上的動作，特別是當執行動作的人或物未知或不重要時。
The letter was written in 1950.
這封信是在1950年寫的。
EN： The repetition of the word 'long' in the phrase 'long, long ago' is used for emphasis, making the time period sound even more distant in the past.
中文： 在短語「long, long ago」中重複使用「long」這個字是用來表示強調，使時間顯得更加久遠、古老。
They lived in a castle long, long ago.
很久很久以前，他們住在一座城堡裡。
EN： Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: The structure 'modal verb + be + past participle' is used to show that the subject receives the action, rather than performing it. Here, 'can be folded' indicates possibility in the passive voice.
中文： 情態助動詞的被動語態：結構為「情態助動詞 + be + 過去分詞」，用來表示主詞是動作的接受者而非執行者。在此處，「can be folded」表示被動語態中的可能性（可以被折疊）。
The trash can be recycled into new products.
垃圾可以被回收製成新產品。
EN： The preposition 'into' is used to express transformation or change of state, showing that the paper changes from its original flat form into a new shape.
中文： 介系詞「into」的用法：在此處用於表示轉變或狀態的改變，說明紙張從原本扁平的形狀轉變成新的形狀。
The ice melted into water.
冰融化成了水。
EN： The sentence evokes the traditional art of paper folding, known as 'origami' in Japan, which has become a popular craft and educational activity worldwide. It highlights the cultural appreciation for transforming simple materials into beautiful art.
中文： 這句話讓人聯想到傳統的折紙藝術（在日本稱為「origami」），這已成為全球受歡迎的手藝與教育活動。它展現了將簡單材料轉化為美麗藝術品的文化鑑賞價值。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. It is formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要時使用。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞」。
The bread is baked fresh every morning.
這麵包每天早上都是新鮮烘焙的。
EN： Preposition 'from' for origin/source: Used here to indicate the source material from which something is created or derived, especially when the original material has changed its form.
中文： 介係詞「from」表示來源或原料：在此處用於指出某物製造或衍生自何種來源材料，特別是當原始材料已改變其形態時。
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄釀造的。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe actions where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'are sung' is the passive form of 'sing'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「are sung」是動詞「sing」的被動形式。
These letters are written by hand.
這些信件是用手寫的。
EN： Adverb Placement (still): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action that continues to happen. In passive voice sentences, 'still' is typically placed after the auxiliary verb (am/is/are) and before the main verb (past participle).
中文： 副詞的位置（still）：副詞「still」（仍然）用於描述持續發生的動作。在被動語態的句子中，「still」通常放在助動詞（am/is/are）之後、主要動詞（過去分詞）之前。
The keys are still kept in the drawer.
鑰匙仍然放在抽屜裡。
EN： In many traditional cultures, songs and music are not just entertainment but essential oral traditions passed down through generations. Singing these songs at annual festivals helps preserve cultural heritage and community identity.
中文： 在許多傳統文化中，歌曲和音樂不僅僅是娛樂，更是代代相傳的重要口頭傳統。在年度節日中演唱這些歌曲，有助於保護文化遺產並凝聚社區認同感。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are passed down' shows that the 'old skills' receive the action of being transmitted.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在這裡，「are passed down」表示「古老的技藝」接受了被傳承的動作。
These traditions are kept alive by the villagers.
這些傳統由村民們保持著活力。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass down' means to teach or give something to someone who will live after you, often across generations. It is frequently used in the passive voice.
中文： 片語動詞「pass down」意為將某物傳授或給予後代，通常是跨世代的傳承。這個片語經常以被動語態呈現。
The family recipe was passed down to me by my grandmother.
這道家族食譜是我祖母傳承給我的。
EN： In many cultures, traditional crafts and skills are not just hobbies but a source of community identity and historical pride. Passing them down through generations ensures that cultural heritage is preserved and celebrated.
中文： 在許多文化中，傳統手工藝與技藝不僅僅是嗜好，更是社群認同與歷史自豪感的來源。將其代代相傳能確保文化遺產得以保留並發揚光大。
EN： The relative clause 'that is loved' is used as an adjective clause to modify the noun 'A craft'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 關係子句（形容詞子句）「that is loved」用來修飾先行詞（名詞）「A craft」。關係代名詞「that」在子句中擔任主詞的角色。
The book that is written in English is easy to read.
那本用英文寫成的書很容易讀。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle (V-ed)'. In this sentence, 'is loved' and 'is kept' are both passive constructions, emphasizing the action being done to the subject rather than who does it.
中文： 被動語態的結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V-ed)」。在本句中，「is loved」（被喜愛）與「is kept」（被保持/延續）皆為被動結構，用以強調主詞所承受的動作，而非動作的執行者。
The old house is kept clean by the family.
這棟老房子被這家人保持得很乾淨。
EN： This sentence reflects a universal cultural value: the preservation of traditional crafts. It emphasizes that cultural heritage survives not just through physical preservation, but through active appreciation and emotional connection ('loved').
中文： 這句話反映了一個普世的文化價值：傳統工藝的傳承。它強調文化遺產的存續不僅僅依靠物理上的保存，更需要人們主動的欣賞與情感連結（「受到喜愛」）。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 編織（weave 的過去分詞）
在本文中： 寺廟；神殿
在本文中： 節日；慶典
在本文中： 染色（dye 的過去式/過去分詞）
在本文中： 陶器
在本文中： 雕刻（carve 的過去式/過去分詞）
在本文中： 手工藝；工藝品
在本文中： 礦物
在本文中： 世紀（複數形，一世紀為一百年）
在本文中： 傳統
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Using the hands, rather than a machine.
手工地；用手做地
To give or teach something to people who are younger or who will live after you.
傳承；一代傳一代
A device used for spinning yarn, or a potter's wheel used for shaping clay.
拉坯機；紡車
To preserve or maintain something so that it does not fade, die, or disappear.
保持活躍；使（傳統、記憶等）延續下去