EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to indicate that someone causes someone else to do something. When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to give someone the responsibility or instruction to do an action.
中文： 使役动词「have」用于表示某人促使他人去做某事。当后面接宾语和原形不定式（不带 to 的动词）时，表示给予某人责任或指示去执行该动作。
The manager had the team complete the report by Friday.
经理叫团队在周五前完成报告。
EN： Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves, etc.) can be used for emphasis, meaning 'without help' or 'personally'. In this sentence, 'ourselves' emphasizes that the students did the programming on their own.
中文： 反身代词（如 myself, ourselves 等）可用于加强语气，表示「独立完成」或「亲自」。在本句中，「ourselves」强调学生们是自己亲自编写程序的。
EN： In modern STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education, hands-on learning is highly emphasized. Teachers often act as facilitators, encouraging students to 'program... ourselves' to build problem-solving skills and confidence.
中文： 在現代 STEM（科學、技術、工程和數學）教育中，非常強調動手實作。教師通常扮演引導者的角色，鼓勵學生「自己編寫程式」，以培養解決問題的能力和自信心。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express the idea of persuading, convincing, or tricking someone into doing something. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a full infinitive (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
中文： 使役动词「get」用于表达说服、劝说或安排某人去做某事。与「have」或「make」不同，当「get」后面接主动的主语时，必须使用不定式（to + 动词原形）。
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
她说服了她的弟弟帮她做功课。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'got' is the past tense of 'get', indicating the action of persuading happened in the past.
中文： 一般过去时用于描述在过去特定时间已经完成的动作。在本句中，「got」是「get」的过去式，表示说服的动作发生在过去。
They tested the new software yesterday.
他们昨天测试了新的软件。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when something is done to an object by someone else. In this sentence, 'had the broken part replaced' means they arranged for a technician or someone else to replace the part.
中文： 使役动词结构「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V-3)」用于表示「安排他人为自己做某事」或「某物被他人处理」。在本句中，「had the broken part replaced」表示他们安排技术人员或其他人来更换该零件，而非自己动手。
I had my car repaired yesterday.
我昨天请人把我的车修好了。
EN： The past participle 'broken' (from the verb 'break') is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'part' to describe its state of being damaged or fractured.
中文： 过去分词「broken」（源自动词 break）在此处作形容词使用，修饰名词「part」，用以形容该零件处于「损坏、破裂」的状态。
Please throw away that broken glass.
请把那个碎玻璃丢掉。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 动词「watch」（观看）属于感官动词。当后面接宾语和原形动词（不带 to 的不定式）时，强调主语完整地目睹了该动作从开始到结束的全过程。
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我们看着飞机安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns starting with a consonant sound. Although '3D' starts with a number, it is pronounced as 'three-D' /θriː diː/, which begins with the consonant sound /θ/, thus requiring 'a' instead of 'an'.
中文： 不定冠词「a」用于以辅音开头的单数可数名词前。虽然「3D」以数字开头，但其发音为「three-D」/θriː diː/，是以辅音 /θ/ 开头，因此需要使用「a」而非「an」。
She bought a 3D puzzle yesterday.
她昨天买了一个 3D 拼图。
EN： The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or requires someone else to do something. In this structure (make + object + base verb), the bare infinitive (verb without 'to') is used as the object complement.
中文： 使役动词「make」用于表示强迫或要求某人做某事。在「make + 宾语 + 动词原形」的结构中，宾语补足语必须使用不带 to 的动词原形。
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
老师要求我们重写这篇作文。
EN： The word 'twice' is an adverb of frequency meaning 'two times'. It is typically placed at the end of the clause to modify the verb phrase.
中文： 「twice」是一个频率副词，意思是「两次」。它通常放在从句的末尾，用来修饰动词短语。
I checked the calculations twice to be absolutely sure.
我把计算结果检查了两次以确保万无一失。
EN： In technology and engineering education (such as robotics clubs or coding bootcamps), a 'mentor' plays a crucial role. Unlike a traditional classroom teacher, a mentor guides students through hands-on projects, encouraging independent problem-solving while maintaining high standards, such as double-checking code for errors.
中文： 在科技與工程教育（如機器人社團或程式設計訓練營）中，「mentor」（導師）扮演著關鍵角色。與傳統課堂教師不同，導師主要引導學生進行動手實作的專案，鼓勵獨立解決問題，同時維持嚴格的標準，例如要求反覆檢查程式碼以確保無誤。
EN： The causative verb 'have' can be used in the passive structure: 'have + object + past participle (V3)'. This pattern is used when you arrange for something to be done by someone else, or to describe an action that happens to an object, emphasizing the result rather than who performs the action.
中文： 使役动词「have」可用于被动结构：「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V3)」。此句型用于表达「安排他人完成某事」或「描述某物所经历的动作」，强调动作的结果而非执行者本身。
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
我们很快地把损坏的零件换掉了。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
中文： 介词「by」在被动结构中用来引出施动者（即执行该动作的人或物）。
The program was written by Emma.
这个程序是由艾玛编写的。
EN： Verbs of perception (such as 'hear', 'see', 'watch', 'feel') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject perceived the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官动词（如 'hear'、'see'、'watch'、'feel'）后面可以接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的动词），用来表示主语完整地经历或看见/听见了该动作从头到尾的过程。
I saw the bird fly away.
我看到那只鸟飞走了。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with a roar' functions as an adverbial modifier of manner, describing how the engine started. 'With + noun' is a common pattern used to describe the manner or accompaniment of an action.
中文： 介词短语 'with a roar' 作为方式或状态的修饰语（副词短语），描述引擎是如何发动的。「With + 名词」是描述动作进行方式或伴随状态的常用句型。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' is used when you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or when you experience something done to your property. Here, 'have this circuit fixed' means the speaker will get someone else to repair the circuit.
中文： 使役动词结构「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V3)」用于表达「安排他人为自己做某事」或「使某物受到某种处理」。在此处，「have this circuit fixed」表示说话者将安排他人来修理这个电路，而非亲自修理。
I need to have my car washed this afternoon.
我今天下午需要请人帮我洗车。
EN： The imperative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). 'Let me have...' is a polite way to offer to do something or to ask for permission to do something first.
中文： 祈使动词「let」（让）后面接「宾语 + 动词原形」（不带 to 的动词）。「Let me have...」是一种礼貌表达自己想先做某事或请求允许先做某事的方式。
Let me check the schedule before we decide.
在我们决定之前，让我先确认一下日程表。
EN： The verb 'saw' (past tense of 'see') is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 动词「saw」（「see」的过去式）是感官动词。当后面接宾语时，可以使用原形动词（不带 to 的不定式），用来表示主语完整目睹了该动作从头到尾的过程。
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
我们看到飞机安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'into the air' uses 'into' to express movement or direction toward the inside of something or a change of position, showing where the drone went.
中文： 介词短语「into the air」使用「into」来表示朝向某物内部或位置改变的移动与方向，在此处指出无人机飞往何处。
The balloon floated up into the sky.
气球向上飘入天空中。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express causing or persuading someone or something to do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a full infinitive ('to' + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
中文： 使役动词「get」用于表示说服或使某人、某物去做某个动作。与「have」或「make」后面接动词原形不同，「get」在接主动宾语时，必须使用不定式（to + 动词），其结构为「get + 宾语 + to + 动词」。
I got my brother to help me with the homework.
我叫我弟弟帮我做功课。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'without errors' functions as an adverbial modifier, indicating the manner in which the program ran. 'Without' is a preposition meaning 'not having' or 'free from', and is followed by a noun or gerund.
中文： 介词短语「without errors」作为副词修饰语，表示程序执行的状态。「without」是介词，意思是「没有」或「免于」，后面接名词或动名词。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of causing someone to do something. When followed by an agent (someone) and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it means to assign, instruct, or ask someone to perform an action.
中文： 使役动词「have」用于表达让某人做某事。当后面接主动执行者（某人）和动词原形（不带 to 的动词）时，表示指派、指示或要求某人执行某个动作。
The manager had the team submit the report by Friday.
经理要求团队在周五前提交报告。
EN： The bare infinitive (the base form of a verb without 'to') is used after causative verbs like 'have', 'make', and 'let' in active voice constructions.
中文： 动词原形（不带 to 的动词原形）在主动语态中，用于「have」、「make」和「let」等使役动词之后。
She made him clean his room.
她强迫他打扫他的房间。
EN： In professional and academic settings, having an external expert review one's work is a standard quality assurance practice. Using the causative 'had' implies a professional arrangement or a structured process rather than a casual favor.
中文： 在專業和學術領域中，請外部專家審查工作是一項標準的品質保證流程。使用使役動詞「had」暗示了一種專業的安排或結構化的流程，而非非正式的幫忙。
EN： Sensory verbs (verbs of perception) like 'feel', 'see', or 'hear' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to emphasize that the entire action was completed or witnessed from start to finish.
中文： 感官动词（如 feel、see、hear）后面可以接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的不定式），用以强调完整经历或目睹了该动作从头到尾的过程。
I heard the bell ring.
我听见铃声响了。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often implying a close connection or simultaneous development, similar to 'while' or 'when'.
中文： 从属连词「as」用于连接两个同时发生的动作，通常暗示两者有密切关联或同步发展，意思相当于「当……时」或「一边……一边」。
She sang as she walked.
她边走边唱。
EN： The causative verb 'have' (used here in the past tense 'had') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') to express causing, arranging, or asking someone to do something.
中文： 使役动词「have」（在此处为过去式「had」）后面接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的动词原形），用来表示安排、要求或让某人做某事。
The teacher had the students write a short essay in class.
老师让学生们在课堂上写一篇短文。
EN： The word 'last' is used with time expressions (like 'last week', 'last year') to indicate a specific past time. When these expressions function as adverbials of time, they do not require a preposition (e.g., do not say 'in last week').
中文： 单词「last」与时间词（如「last week」上周、「last year」去年）连用以表示特定的过去时间。当这些表达方式作为时间副词修饰语时，前面不需要加介词（例如：不能说「in last week」）。
Last month we visited a high-tech factory in Taipei.
上个月我们参观了台北的一家高科技工厂。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used to express the idea of giving someone the responsibility to do something. The structure is 'have + person + base verb (bare infinitive)'. Unlike 'make', which implies force, 'have' usually implies a request, instruction, or delegation of a task.
中文： 使役动词「have」用于表示让某人负责做某事。其结构为「have + 人 + 原形动词」。与隐含强迫意味的「make」不同，「have」通常表示请求、指示或委派任务。
The teacher had the students clean the classroom after school.
老师让学生们放学后打扫教室。
EN： An indirect question functions as a noun clause (object of the verb). It is introduced by a question word (like 'how', 'what', 'why') but follows the word order of a regular statement (subject + verb), rather than a question form.
中文： 间接问句在此作为名词从句，担任动词的宾语。它由疑问词（如「how」、「what」、「why」）引导，但必须使用陈述句的语序（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句的倒装语序。
I don't know how the machine works.
我不知道这台机器是如何运作的。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to indicate persuading, tricking, or successfully managing to make someone or something do an action. Unlike 'have' or 'make', 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object (get + object + to-infinitive).
中文： 使役动词「get」用于表示说服、诱使或成功设法让某人或某物执行某个动作。与「have」或「make」不同，当「get」后面接主动宾语时，必须搭配「不定式」（to + 动词原形），结构为「get + 宾语 + to-V」。
I finally got the computer to work after restarting it.
重新开机后，我终于让电脑可以正常运作了。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to express a specific rate, speed, or temperature (e.g., 'at 60 mph', 'at 100 degrees Celsius').
中文： 介词「at」用于表示特定的比率、速度或温度（例如：「以每小时 60 英里的速度」、「在摄氏 100 度」）。
The car was traveling at a very high speed.
那辆车当时正以极高的速度行驶。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V3)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something to an object, or that something is done to it. In this case, 'had the loose wires fixed' means they got someone to fix the wires.
中文： 使役动词「have」可用于「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V3)」的结构中，用来表示「安排、请别人为自己做某事」，或是「某物被如何处理」。在此句中，「had the loose wires fixed」表示他们安排或请人把松脱的电线修好。
We had the broken screen replaced at the shop.
我们在店里把损坏的屏幕换掉了（请店员更换）。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('before the demo started') to show that one event happened prior to another. Both clauses use the simple past tense ('had' and 'started') to describe completed actions in the past.
中文： 连词「before」引导时间状语从句（before the demo started），用来表示一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。主句与状语从句皆使用一般过去时（had 与 started），用以描述过去已完成的事件。
She saved the file before the computer crashed.
在电脑死机之前，她把文件保存了。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 动词「watch」为感官动词。当后面接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的动词）时，强调主语完整地目睹了该动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我亲眼看着飞机安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The phrase 'step by step' is an adverbial phrase meaning gradually, progressively, or doing one stage at a time in a sequence.
中文： 短语「step by step」是一个副词短语，意思是「一步一步地」、「循序渐进地」或「按部就班地」进行某个过程。
She explained the installation process step by step.
她一步一步地解释了安装过程。
EN： The causative verb 'make' (used here in the past tense 'made') is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It expresses that someone is forced or strongly required to do something.
中文： 使役动词「make」（在此处为过去式「made」）后面接宾语和原形不定式（不带 to 的动词）。它表示某人被强迫或被严格要求去做某事。
The teacher made us rewrite the essay.
老师要求我们重写这篇作文。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'one at a time' is used to describe doing things individually and sequentially, rather than all at once.
中文： 副词短语「one at a time」用于描述逐一、按顺序地做事情，而不是一次全部一起做，意为「一次一个」或「逐一」。
Please enter the room one at a time.
请一次一人进入房间。
EN： Sensory Verbs (see, watch, hear, etc.) followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb root) indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官动词（如 see, watch, hear 等）后面接宾语和原形动词，表示主语完整目睹或听到了该动作从头到尾的过程。
We heard the engine start with a roar.
我们听到引擎轰鸣着启动了。
EN： The preposition 'without' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to describe an action that did not happen during the main activity.
中文： 介词 'without' 后面接动名词（V-ing），用来描述在主句动作进行的过程中，某个伴随的情况或动作并未发生（意为「没有…地」）。
She got the program to run without making any errors.
她让程序顺利执行，没有产生任何错误。
EN： Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch) followed by a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官动词（如 hear, see, watch）后面接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式），表示主语完整目睹或听到了该动作从头到尾的发生过程。
We heard the music play in the distance.
我们听到远处传来音乐声。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'as' is used to introduce a clause describing an action that happens at the exact same time as another action (simultaneous events).
中文： 从属连词「as」用于引导一个从句，描述与主句动作同时发生的另一个动作（同时发生的事件），常译为「当……的时候」。
She smiled as she opened the gift.
她打开礼物时露出了微笑。
EN： The causative verb 'have' followed by an object and a past participle (have + object + V-ed) is used to describe causing something to be done by someone else, or experiencing something done to an object. Here, 'had the data checked' means she arranged for the data to be verified by someone or a system.
中文： 使役动词「have」后面接宾语和过去分词（have + 宾语 + 过去分词）的结构，用于表示「使某事被他人完成」或「让某物经历某种动作」。在此句中，「had the data checked」表示她安排他人或系统来核对数据，而非自己亲自核对。
We had the broken part replaced quickly.
我们很快就请人把损坏的零件更换了。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'to make sure' is used to express purpose, meaning 'in order to ensure' or 'to confirm'. It is typically followed by a noun clause (that-clause) where 'that' can be omitted.
中文： 不定式短语「to make sure」用来表示目的，意思是「为了确保」或「以确认」。其后通常引导一个名词从句（that 从句），其中连接词「that」常被省略。
Please double-check the code to make sure it runs without errors.
请双重检查代码，以确保其运行时没有错误。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase ('Letting us try ourselves') acts as the singular subject of the sentence. The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object ('us') and a bare infinitive ('try').
中文： 动名词当主语：动名词短语「Letting us try ourselves」作为整个句子的单数主语。其中「let」为使役动词，后接受格「us」与原形动词「try」。
Giving them a second chance made a huge difference.
给他们第二次机会带来了巨大的改变。
EN： Causative Verb 'Make' + Object + Bare Infinitive: The verb 'made' (past tense of make) is used to express causation, followed by the object 'the lesson' and the bare infinitive 'stick' (meaning to remain or be remembered).
中文： 使役动词「make」+ 宾语 + 动词原形：动词「made」（make 的过去式）用于表示因果关系，后接宾语「the lesson」与动词原形「stick」（意为留下深刻印象、被记住）。
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
老师让学生们重写了他们的作文。
EN： The idiom 'make something stick' means to make a concept, rule, or lesson permanently remembered or accepted. In educational contexts, it refers to active learning where hands-on experience ensures the knowledge is retained long-term.
中文： 片語「make something stick」字面意思是「讓某事黏住」，引申為使觀念、規則或教訓被永久記住或接受。在教育語境中，這指的是藉由親自動手實作的「主動學習」，以確保知識能長期內化。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') to emphasize the entire action from start to finish, or a present participle (-ing) to emphasize an action in progress. In this sentence, 'race' is a bare infinitive showing the sudden onset of the feeling.
中文： 动词「feel」（感觉）属于感官动词。当后面接宾语时，可以使用原形动词（不带 to 的不定式）来强调完整动作的发生，或使用现在分词（-ing）来强调正在进行的动作。在本句中，「race」为原形动词，用以强调心跳加速这一完整过程的发生。
I felt the ground shake during the earthquake.
在地震期间，我感觉到地面摇晃。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'at the same time that' or 'while'. It connects two events that happen simultaneously, often implying a cause-and-effect relationship or a vivid description of a moment.
中文： 连接词「as」在此处表示「当…的时候」或「与此同时」。它连接两个同时发生的事件，通常隐含因果关系或用于生动描述某个瞬间。
She smiled as she opened the present.
她打开礼物时露出了微笑。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase (a verb ending in -ing acting as a noun phrase) can function as the subject of a sentence. Here, 'Having an expert guide us' is the subject of the main verb 'made'.
中文： 动名词作主语：动名词短语（以 -ing 结尾且具有名词功能的动词短语）可以作为句子的主语。在此句中，「Having an expert guide us」是主要动词「made」的主语。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
学习一门新语言会开启许多机会。
EN： Causative Verb 'Have' and 'Make': 'Have' can be used as a causative verb followed by an object and a bare infinitive (base form of the verb) to mean causing someone to do something (e.g., 'have an expert guide us'). 'Make' is also a causative verb followed by an object and an adjective to describe causing a state change (e.g., 'made everything clearer').
中文： 使役动词 'Have' 与 'Make' 的用法：'Have' 作为使役动词时，后接宾语和动词原形，表示让某人做某事（例如：'have an expert guide us'）。'Make' 也是使役动词，后接宾语和形容词，用来描述使某种状态发生改变（例如：'made everything clearer'）。
She had her assistant schedule the meeting, which made the process smoother.
她让她的助理安排会议，这让整个流程更加顺畅。
EN： The causative structure 'get + object + present participle (V-ing)' is used to describe causing something to start functioning or performing an action. It emphasizes the process of making something start.
中文： 使役动词结构「get + 宾语 + 现在分词 (V-ing)」用于描述使某物开始运作或执行某动作。它强调让某事开始进行的过程。
She got the engine running after a few minutes.
几分钟后，她让引擎运转了起来。
EN： The name of the person being addressed (vocative case) is placed at the end of the sentence, preceded by a comma. This is common in spoken English to direct the question to a specific person.
中文： 称呼语（呼格）放在句尾时，前面必须加上逗号。这在英语口语中很常见，用来将问题指向特定的人（在此指「艾玛」）。
Are you ready to go, John?
你准备好要出发了吗，约翰？
EN： The causative verb 'have' can be used in the structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' to express that you arrange for someone else to do something for you, or to describe something that happens to an object. The past participle is used because the relationship between the object and the action is passive (the code is fixed by someone).
中文： 使役动词「have」可用于「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V-pp)」的结构中，用来表示「安排、请别人为自己做某事」，或是描述某物所处的被动状态。此处使用过去分词，是因为宾语与动作之间为被动关系（代码是被修复的）。
I had my car washed yesterday.
我昨天请人帮我洗了车。
EN： The demonstrative determiner 'this' combined with a time noun like 'morning' (this morning) functions as an adverbial phrase of time, referring to the morning of the current day. In past tense sentences, it indicates a completed action earlier today.
中文： 指示限定词「this」与时间名词「morning」结合（this morning，意为「今天早上」），在此句中作为时间副词短语。在过去式句子中，它指的是今天早些时候已经完成的动作。
She finished the report this morning.
她今天早上完成了这份报告。
EN： The causative verb 'make' is used to express that someone forces or strongly requires someone else to do something. It is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').
中文： 使役动词「make」用于表达某人强迫或强烈要求他人做某事。其后接宾语和原形不定式（即不带 to 的动词）。
The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
老师要求学生们重写他们的作文。
EN： The determiner 'every' is used before a singular countable noun to refer to all members of a group of three or more, emphasizing each individual member.
中文： 限定词「every」用于单数可数名词之前，指代三个或更多成员组成的群体中的所有人或事物，强调其中的每一个个体。
The engineer checked every connection before turning on the power.
工程师在开启电源前检查了每一个连接处。
EN： The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it emphasizes that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 动词「watch」（观看）属于感官动词。当后面接宾语和原形动词（不带 to 的动词）时，强调主语完整地目睹了该动作从开始到结束的全过程。
We watched the plane land safely on the runway.
我们看着飞机安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The indefinite article 'a' is used before singular countable nouns that start with a consonant sound ('tiny') to refer to a non-specific single item.
中文： 不定冠词「a」用于以辅音开头的单数可数名词（如「tiny」）之前，用来指代某个非特定的单一事物。
She bought a new computer yesterday.
她昨天买了一台新电脑。
EN： The causative verb 'have' is used in the passive structure 'have + object + past participle (V-ed)' to describe getting something done by someone else. The object ('the design') receives the action of the past participle ('reviewed').
中文： 使役动词「have」可用于被动结构「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」，用来表示「安排、请他人来完成某事」。在此句型中，宾语（the design）与其后的动作（reviewed）为被动关系。
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
我昨天请人修理了我的电脑。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent (the person or thing performing the action) in a passive construction.
中文： 介词「by」在被动结构中用来引介「动作的执行者」（即实际执行该动作的人或物）。
The book was written by a famous novelist.
这本书是由一位著名的小说家所写的。
EN： The causative verb 'get' is used to express persuading, convincing, or tricking someone to do something. Unlike other causative verbs like 'have' or 'make' which are followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), 'get' requires a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) when followed by an active object.
中文： 使役动词「get」用于表达说服、说动或安排某人去做某事。与其他使役动词（如 have 或 make 后面接不带 to 的原形动词）不同，「get」在接主动对象时，后面必须接「to + 动词原形」（不定式）。
She got her brother to help her with the homework.
她说服了她弟弟帮她做功课。
EN： The noun 'partner' refers to a person who takes part in an undertaking with another, often in a business, academic, or team context. In school or lab settings, it specifically refers to a classmate with whom one is paired for an activity.
中文： 名词「partner」（伙伴）指与他人共同参与某项任务的人，常用于商业、学术或团队合作情境。在学校或实验室环境中，它特指分组活动中与自己同组的搭档或伙伴。
My lab partner and I finished the experiment early.
我的实验室伙伴和我提早完成了实验。
EN： Sensory Verbs (hear, see, watch, etc.) can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the speaker perceived the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 感官动词（如 hear、see、watch 等）后面可接宾语和原形动词（不带 to 的动词），用以表示说话者完整经历或看见/听见了该动作的整个过程。
I saw the drone fly in a perfect circle.
我看到无人机绕着完美的圆圈飞行。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two events happening at the same time, often meaning 'while' or 'at the moment that'.
中文： 连接词「as」用于连接两个同时发生的事件，通常意为「当……的时候」或「正值……之际」。
The crowd gasped as the robot waved hello.
当机器人挥手打招呼时，群众惊呼了起来。
EN： The causative structure 'have + object + past participle (V-pp)' is used to express that you want or arrange for an action to be done to something by someone else, or to focus on the completion of an action on a specific object.
中文： 使役动词结构「have + 宾语 + 过去分词 (V-pp)」用于表示安排他人完成某事，或强调某个对象被施加某个动作的状态（此处的传感器是被测试，故用被动态的 tested）。
I need to have my computer repaired as soon as possible.
我需要尽快把我的电脑送去修理。
EN： The imperative structure 'Let me + base verb' is a polite way to offer to do something, suggest an action, or ask for permission to perform a task.
中文： 祈使句结构「Let me + 原形动词」是一种礼貌地主动提议做某事、提出建议或请求允许执行某项任务的表达方式。
Let me help you with those heavy boxes.
让我来帮你搬那些重箱子吧。
EN： The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
中文： 动词「see」（看见）属于感官动词。当后面接宾语和原形动词（不带 to 的不定式）时，表示主语完整地目睹了该动作从开始到结束的全过程。
We saw the plane land safely on the runway.
我们看见那架飞机安全地降落在跑道上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'in a perfect circle' uses the preposition 'in' to describe the shape, path, or pattern of a movement.
中文： 介词短语「in a perfect circle」使用介词「in」来描述运动的形状、路径或模式，意为「以…的形状」或「成…地」。
The children stood in a straight line.
孩子们排成一条直线站着。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun.
中文： 动名词当主语：动名词（动词 + -ing）可以当作名词使用，并在句子中担任主语。在语法上被视为单数名词。
Having a good plan helps us save time.
有一个好的计划能帮助我们节省时间。
EN： Causative Verb 'Make': The verb 'make' can be used in the pattern 'make + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause someone or something to become or be in a certain state'.
中文： 使役动词 'Make' 的用法：动词 'make' 可以用于「make + 宾语 + 形容词」的句型，表示「使某人或某事处于某种状态」。
The warm weather made the flowers bloom early.
温暖的天气让花朵提早绽放。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 编写程序，为（电脑、机器人等）设计程序
在本文中： 传感器，感应器
在本文中： 导师，指导者
在本文中： 电路，回路
在本文中： 无人驾驶飞机，无人机
在本文中： 专家，行家
在本文中： 分析，解析
在本文中： 演示，示范（demonstration 的简称）
在本文中： 印在脑海中，记住，留下深刻印象
在本文中： 贴标签于，标记
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Step-by-step; gradually and in a careful, orderly sequence.
一步一步地；循序渐进地
Individually; one by one.
一次一个；逐一
A three-dimensional representation of an object.
3D 模型；三维模型
To experience a very rapid heartbeat, typically due to excitement, anxiety, or fear.
心跳加速；心跳狂飙