EN： The verb 'think' is often followed by a noun clause (that-clause) acting as the direct object. The conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted in informal or spoken English, leaving 'I think [subject + verb]'.
中文： 动词「think」（认为）后面经常接一个名词从句（that 从句）作为直接宾语。在口语或非正式英语中，连接词「that」通常会被省略，形成「I think [主语 + 动词]」的结构。
I think learning languages is useful.
我认为学习语言很有用。
EN： 'Moreover' is a conjunctive adverb used to transition to an additional, supporting point. It is typically used at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma, to add information that strengthens the previous statement.
中文： 「Moreover」（此外/而且）是一个连接副词，用于过渡到另一个支持性的论点。它通常置于句首，后面接逗号，用来增加信息以强化前述的说法。
The hotel is clean. Moreover, it is cheap.
这家旅馆很干净。此外，它很便宜。
EN： The use of a semicolon (;) followed by a conjunctive adverb like 'therefore' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related in meaning. A comma must follow the conjunctive adverb.
中文： 使用分号 (;) 后接连接副词（如 'therefore'）可用于连接两个在意义上紧密相关的独立分句（完整句子）。连接副词后面必须加上逗号。
She was tired; however, she finished her homework.
她很累；然而，她还是完成了作业。
EN： 'Therefore' is a conjunctive adverb used to show a cause-and-effect relationship. It means 'as a result' or 'for that reason'.
中文： 'Therefore' 是一个连接副词，用于表示因果关系。意思是「因此」或「所以」。
The weather was bad; therefore, the flight was canceled.
天气很糟糕；因此，航班被取消了。
EN： Using semicolons and conjunctive adverbs like 'therefore' is highly characteristic of formal writing, academic essays, and professional communication. In casual spoken English, people are more likely to use 'so' to connect these ideas (e.g., 'He studied hard, so he passed.').
中文： 使用分號和像 'therefore' 這樣的連接副詞是學術寫作、正式文章和商務溝通的典型特徵。在日常口語中，人們更傾向於使用 'so' 來連接這類因果關係（例如：'He studied hard, so he passed.'）。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'however' is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has just been said. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a new sentence.
中文： 连接副词「however」（然而）用于引出与前文形成对比或矛盾的陈述。当它放在新句子的开头时，后面通常会加上逗号。
I wanted to go for a walk. However, it started to rain.
我想去散步。然而，开始下雨了。
EN： The phrase 'too much' can act as a noun phrase serving as the subject of a sentence, referring to an excessive amount of something (in this context, coffee).
中文： 短语「too much」（太多）可以作为名词短语，在句子中担任主语，指代过量的某物（在此语境中指咖啡）。
A little sugar is fine, but too much is bad for your teeth.
一点点糖没关系，但太多对你的牙齿不好。
EN： Coffee culture is highly prominent in English-speaking countries, where it is a daily ritual for many. However, there is also a growing awareness of health and wellness, leading to discussions about limiting caffeine intake, which is reflected in the sentiment of this sentence.
中文： 咖啡文化在英語系國家非常盛行，對許多人來說是每日的例行公事。然而，隨著健康意識的抬頭，人們也開始討論限制咖啡因攝取的話題，這句話正反映了這種生活態度的平衡。
EN： The phrase 'For example' is a transitional adverbial (or transition word) used to introduce an illustrative case. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma to set it apart from the main clause.
中文： 「For example」（例如）是一个转折副词（或过渡词），用于引入说明性的例子。它通常放在句首，后面接逗号，与主句隔开。
For example, reading books can expand your vocabulary.
例如，阅读书籍可以扩展你的词汇量。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to state a general truth or scientific fact. In this sentence, 'exercise' is an uncountable noun acting as a singular subject, so the verb 'improve' takes the third-person singular ending '-s' (improves).
中文： 此处使用一般现在时来陈述一个普遍事实或科学真理。在本句中，「exercise」（运动）是不可数名词，作为单数主语，因此动词「improve」要加上单数第三人称词尾「-s」（improves）。
Regular practice improves your English skills.
规律的练习能提升你的英语能力。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, especially in academic and professional writing, using transition words like 'For example' is highly valued for structuring arguments logically and making explanations clear and persuasive.
中文： 在英語系國家的文化中，特別是在學術與專業寫作裡，非常重視使用如「For example」這類的過渡詞。這有助於建構邏輯清晰的論點，並使解釋更加明確且具說服力。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'nevertheless' is used to show contrast or concession, meaning 'in spite of that' or 'however'. It is often preceded by a semicolon and followed by a comma when connecting two independent clauses.
中文： 连接副词「nevertheless」用于表示对比或让步，意思是「尽管如此」或「然而」。当它连接两个独立从句时，通常前面会加上分号（;），后面则加上逗号（,）。
The test was difficult; nevertheless, she passed with an A.
这场考试很难；然而，她还是以 A 等级通过了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'play on' uses the particle 'on' to indicate the continuation of an action. In this context, it means to continue playing, especially despite difficulties or interruptions.
中文： 短语动词「play on」中的介词/副词「on」表示动作的持续。在此语境中，它意味着继续玩耍或比赛，特别是在面临困难或干扰的情况下。
Although it was getting dark, the children played on.
虽然天色渐渐变暗，孩子们还是继续玩了下去。
EN： The sentence reflects a common cultural attitude in English-speaking countries, especially in places like the UK or parts of North America, where outdoor activities or sports (like football or soccer) are often continued despite rainy weather, showcasing resilience and a 'carry on' spirit.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家（特別是英國或北美部分地區）常見的文化態度。在這些地方，即使下雨，戶外活動或體育比賽（如足球）通常也會繼續進行，展現出堅韌不拔和「堅持下去」的精神。
EN： The transition phrase 'In addition' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce extra information that supports or reinforces the previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma.
中文： 过渡短语「In addition」（此外）是一个连接副词，用于引入支持或强化前述声明的额外信息。其后通常会加上逗号。
In addition, the new software is easy to use.
此外，这款新软件非常易于使用。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). The pattern is 'help + someone + do something'.
中文： 动词「help」后面可以接宾语（受词）和不带 to 的不定式（即动词原形）。其句型为「help + 某人 + 做某事」。
Regular exercise helps you sleep better.
规律运动有助于你睡得更好。
EN： The transitional phrase 'on the other hand' is a conjunctive adverbial used to introduce a contrasting point of view, argument, or fact. It is often paired with 'on the one hand' to present two opposing sides of an issue.
中文： 过渡短语「on the other hand」（另一方面）是一个连接副词短语，用于引入相反的观点、论点或事实。它经常与「on the one hand」（一方面）搭配使用，以呈现事情的两个对立面。
On the one hand, technology saves time. On the other hand, it can make us lazy.
一方面，科技节省时间。另一方面，它也可能让我们变得懒惰。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or potential. It indicates that screens have the capability or potential to cause harm, rather than stating it as an absolute certainty.
中文： 情态助动词「can」（能够/可能）在此处用于表示可能性或潜在性。它指出屏幕具有造成伤害的能力或潜力，而非将其陈述为绝对的必然事实。
Loud music can damage your hearing over time.
长时间听大声的音乐可能会损害你的听力。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'therefore' is used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between two independent clauses. When connecting two independent clauses in a single sentence, it is typically preceded by a semicolon (;) and followed by a comma (,).
中文： 连接副词「therefore」（因此）用于表示两个独立从句之间的因果关系。在单个句子中连接两个独立从句时，通常在前面加上分号（;），后面加上逗号（,）。
The weather was terrible; therefore, the match was canceled.
天气非常糟糕；因此，比赛被取消了。
EN： The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive), in this case, 'prepare'.
中文： 情态助动词「must」（必须）用于表示强烈的义务或必要性。其后接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式），在此句中为「prepare」。
We must submit the report by Friday.
我们必须在周五前提交报告。
EN： In professional and academic English, using semicolons with conjunctive adverbs like 'therefore' or 'however' is a common way to connect closely related ideas. It creates a more formal and cohesive tone than splitting them into two separate sentences with a period.
中文： 在專業與學術英語中，使用分號搭配「therefore」或「however」等連接副詞是連接緊密相關觀點的常用方式。與用句號將其拆分為兩個獨立句子相比，這種寫法能營造出更正式且連貫的語氣。
EN： The word 'still' is used as a conjunctive adverb (transition word) meaning 'nevertheless' or 'even so'. It is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what has just been said. It is often placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma.
中文： 「still」在此处用作连接副词（转折词），意思是「尽管如此」或「然而」。它用于引出与前文形成对比的陈述，通常放在句首，后面加上逗号。
The weather was terrible. Still, we decided to go for a walk.
天气非常糟糕。尽管如此，我们还是决定去散步。
EN： Adverbs of frequency (like 'always') describe how often an action occurs. In terms of word order, they are typically placed before the main verb (e.g., 'always helps') but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb.
中文： 频率副词（如「always」）用来描述动作发生的频率。在词序上，它们通常放在实义动词之前（例如「always helps」），但放在助动词或 be 动词之后。
He always arrives on time.
他总是准时到达。
EN： Using 'Still' at the beginning of a sentence is a common, slightly informal but very natural way in spoken English to show contrast, equivalent to 'However' or 'Nevertheless' but warmer and more conversational.
中文： 在句首使用「Still」是英語口語中非常常見且自然的方式，用來表示轉折與對比。它相當於「However」或「Nevertheless」，但在語氣上顯得更溫和、更具口語人情味。
EN： The use of sequential adverbs 'First' and 'then' to show chronological order. 'First' introduces the initial step, while 'then' introduces the subsequent action. They are often used to give instructions or describe a process.
中文： 使用顺序副词「First」（首先）和「then」（然后）来表示时间先后顺序。「First」引导第一个步骤，而「then」引导接续的动作。这些词常用于给予指示或描述流程。
First, we wash the vegetables; then, we chop them.
首先，我们洗蔬菜；然后，我们把它们切碎。
EN： The semicolon (;) is used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought. It indicates a closer relationship between the clauses than a period would.
中文： 分号（;）用于连接两个在思想上紧密相关的独立分句。它表示分句之间的关系比用句号连接更为紧密。
She loves reading; he prefers watching movies.
她热爱阅读；他则更喜欢看电影。
EN： This sentence reflects a pragmatic and action-oriented mindset often valued in professional and personal development contexts in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing the balance between preparation and execution.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家在個人與職涯發展中常推崇的實用與行動導向思維，強調「規劃」與「執行」之間的平衡。
EN： "In conclusion" is a transitional phrase (or conjunctive adverbial) used at the beginning of a sentence to signal that the speaker is summarizing their final points or reaching a final decision. It is usually followed by a comma.
中文： 「In conclusion」是一个过渡性短语（或称连接性副词），用于句首，表示说话者正在总结最终论点或得出最后结论。其后通常会加上逗号。
In conclusion, we must protect our environment.
总之，我们必须保护我们的环境。
EN： The structure "Subject + Link Verb (be) + Subject Complement" is used to describe or identify the subject. Here, "balance" is the subject, "is" is the linking verb, and "the key" is the noun phrase acting as the subject complement, defining what balance is.
中文： 「主语 + 连系动词 (be) + 主语补语」的结构用于描述或定义主语。在此句中，「balance」（平衡）是主语，「is」（是）是连系动词，而「the key」（关键）则是作为主语补语的名词短语，用来定义平衡是什么。
Patience is the key to success.
耐心是成功的关键。
EN： In English academic writing and formal presentations, transitions like "In conclusion" are essential for guiding the audience. However, in modern writing, overusing this phrase can sometimes be seen as repetitive, so speakers also use alternatives like "To sum up" or "Ultimately".
中文： 在英文學術寫作和正式簡報中，像「In conclusion」這樣的過渡詞對於引導聽眾至關重要。然而，在現代寫作中，過度使用這個片語有時會顯得流於俗套，因此說話者也會使用「To sum up」或「Ultimately」等其他表達方式來替代。
EN： "As a result" is a transitional phrase used as a conjunctive adverb to show cause and effect. It connects the previous sentence (the cause) to the current sentence (the effect). It is usually followed by a comma.
中文： 「As a result」是一个过渡短语，用作连接副词以表示因果关系。它将前一句（原因）与当前句子（结果）连接起来。通常其后会加上逗号。
He didn't study for the test. As a result, he failed.
他没有为考试读书。因此，他不及格。
EN： "A lot" is used here as an adverbial phrase meaning "to a great degree" or "much" to modify the verb "improved". It is placed after the verb it modifies.
中文： 「A lot」在此处用作副词短语，意思是「很大程度上」或「非常」，用来修饰动词「improved」。它被放置在所修饰的动词之后。
She practices English every day, so her speaking has improved a lot.
她每天练习英语，所以她的口语进步了很多。
EN： In professional and academic English, "As a result" is highly preferred over more casual terms like "so" to start a sentence. It shows a logical progression of thoughts, which is highly valued in teamwork and business presentations.
中文： 在專業和學術英文中，比起在句首使用較口語的「so」，人們更傾向使用「As a result」。它展現了邏輯性的思考推導，這在團隊合作和商業簡報中非常受到重視。
EN： The conjunction 'whether' is used to introduce a noun clause (or indirect question) expressing doubt or choice between alternatives, often functioning as the object of verbs like 'wonder', 'know', or 'decide'. It can be used with or without 'or not'.
中文： 连接词「whether」（是否）用于引导名词从句（或间接问句），表示怀疑或在不同选项中做选择，常用作「wonder」（想知道）、「know」（知道）或「decide」（决定）等动词的宾语。后面可接或不接「or not」。
I wonder whether we should accept the offer.
我想知道我们是否应该接受这个提议。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to express obligation, duty, or advice, indicating what is the correct or best thing to do.
中文： 情态助动词「should」（应该）用于表达义务、职责或建议，指出什么是正确或最好的做法。
Students should manage their time wisely.
学生应该明智地管理他们的时间。
EN： In many Western countries, taking a part-time job during high school or university is highly encouraged as a way to gain independence, learn financial responsibility, and build a resume. This is often seen as a valuable transition into adulthood.
中文： 在許多西方國家，非常鼓勵高中或大學生做兼職工作，這被視為培養獨立性、學習財務責任以及累積履歷的一種方式。這通常被看作是邁向成年階段的重要過渡。
EN： The transitional phrase 'On one hand' is used to introduce the first of two contrasting points or perspectives. It is typically followed later in the text by 'On the other hand' to present the opposing view.
中文： 过渡短语「On one hand」（一方面）用于引出两个对比观点或角度中的第一个。在文章中，通常随后会出现「On the other hand」（另一方面）来呈现相反的观点。
On one hand, living in the city is convenient.
一方面，住在城市里很方便。
EN： The verb 'teaches' is in the simple present tense and takes a singular form because the subject 'a job' is a singular noun. In English, abstract nouns like 'responsibility' and compound noun phrases like 'money skills' can both act as direct objects of the verb.
中文： 动词「teaches」使用一般现在时，并采用单数形式，因为主语「a job」是单数名词。在英文中，抽象名词如「responsibility」（责任感）与复合名词短语如「money skills」（理财能力）都可以同时作为该动词的直接宾语。
This course teaches leadership and communication skills.
这门课程教授领导力与沟通技巧。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, encouraging teenagers and young adults to take part-time jobs is highly valued. It is seen as a practical way to foster independence, financial literacy ('money skills'), and personal responsibility outside the academic environment.
中文： 在英語系國家中，人們非常鼓勵青少年和年輕人做兼職工作。這被視為在學術環境之外，培養獨立性、理財觀念（money skills）和個人責任感（responsibility）的實用途徑。
EN： The transition phrase 'For example' is used to introduce a specific instance or illustration of a general statement. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文： 过渡短语「For example」（例如）用于引入具体实例来支持或说明前述的一般性论点。它通常放在句首，后面紧跟着逗号。
For example, some people prefer to work at night.
例如，有些人更喜欢在晚上工作。
EN： The structure 'how + to-infinitive' (how to plan and save) functions as a noun phrase, acting as the direct object of the verb 'learn'. It expresses the method or way of doing something.
中文： 「how + 不定式」（how to plan and save）结构在句中作为名词短语，担任动词「learn」的直接宾语，用来表示做某事的方法或途径。
She wants to learn how to play the piano.
她想学习如何弹钢琴。
EN： The transition word 'Moreover' is a conjunctive adverb used to add information that supports or builds on a previous point. It is formal and typically placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma.
中文： 转折词「Moreover」（此外/而且）是一个连接副词，用于添加支持或进一步阐述前述观点的信息。它属于正式用语，通常放在句首，后面接逗号。
Moreover, the new technology will save us time.
此外，这项新技术将为我们节省时间。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to express the method or means by which an action is achieved. It answers the question 'how?'.
中文： 介词「by」后面接动名词（V-ing）用于表示达成某动作的方法或手段，回答「如何（how）」的问题。
She improved her English by watching movies.
她通过看电影来提高她的英文水平。
EN： In Western academic and professional settings, 'working with others' (collaboration/teamwork) is highly valued and often discussed as a primary way to build self-esteem and soft skills. Transition words like 'Moreover' are essential in structured essays to show logical progression.
中文： 在西方學術與職場文化中，「與他人合作」（團隊協作）被視為培養個人自信與軟實力的重要途徑。此外，在撰寫英文結構化文章時，使用如「Moreover」這類的轉折詞，對於展現邏輯的嚴謹性與連貫性至關重要。
EN： The transitional phrase 'on the other hand' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce a contrasting point or alternative perspective, balancing a previously stated argument.
中文： 转折短语「on the other hand」（另一方面）是用来引出对比性观点或另一种看法的连接副词，用以平衡前文所提及的论点。
Working part-time provides income; on the other hand, it can increase stress.
兼职工作能提供收入；另一方面，它也可能会增加压力。
EN： The phrasal verb 'take something away from' means to subtract, diminish, or reduce the amount or value of something, often referring to time, attention, or resources.
中文： 短语动词「take something away from」意为「从……夺去/占用某物」，通常指时间、注意力或资源被减少、消耗或分散。
Loud music can take your attention away from studying.
大声的音乐可能会分散你学习的注意力。
EN： In Western academic and professional discussions, presenting a balanced argument using transition phrases like 'on one hand' and 'on the other hand' is highly valued. It demonstrates critical thinking by showing that the speaker has considered multiple perspectives of an issue, such as the pros and cons of student employment.
中文： 在西方的學術與職場討論中，非常看重使用「on one hand」（一方面）和「on the other hand」（另一方面）等過渡片語來呈現平衡的論點。這展現了批判性思考，表明說話者已全面考量問題的多個維度（例如學生打工的利與弊）。
EN： The word 'however' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce a contrast or contradiction to a previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a sentence.
中文： 「however」（然而）是一个连接副词，用于引出与前述内容相反或对比的观点。当它置于句首时，后面通常会加上逗号。
The weather was cold; however, we decided to go for a walk.
天气很冷；然而，我们还是决定去散步。
EN： The verb 'fit together' is a phrasal verb meaning to be compatible, to harmonize, or to find a way to coexist or work well with each other.
中文： 动词短语「fit together」表示相容、协调，或是找到彼此共存、良好运作的方法（在此指学业与兼职工作并存）。
Our ideas fit together perfectly to create a great plan.
我们的想法完美地结合在一起，创造出一个棒极了的计划。
EN： The word 'Therefore' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce a logical result or conclusion based on previously stated information. It is often placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma.
中文： 「Therefore」是一个连接副词（conjunctive adverb），用于引出基于前述信息的逻辑结果或结论。它通常放在句首，后面接逗号。
He studied hard; therefore, he passed the exam.
他努力学习；因此，他通过了考试。
EN： The superlative adjective 'the most important' is used to compare three or more things, indicating that 'balance' has the highest degree of importance among all factors.
中文： 最高级形容词「the most important」（最重要的）用于三者或以上的比较，表示「平衡」在所有因素中具有最高程度的重要性。
Health is the most important thing in life.
健康是生命中最重要的事情。
EN： The transition word 'In addition' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce extra information or support an existing argument. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文： 转折词「In addition」（此外）是一个连接副词，用于引入额外的信息或支持现有的论点。它通常放在句子的开头，后面接逗号。
In addition, regular exercise can improve your sleep quality.
此外，规律运动可以改善你的睡眠质量。
EN： The relative clause 'that match their goals' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'jobs'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause, followed by the plural verb 'match' to agree with the antecedent 'jobs'.
中文： 关系从句「that match their goals」是一个形容词从句，用来修饰名词「jobs」（工作）。关系代词「that」在关系从句中担任主语，后面接复数动词「match」以与先行词「jobs」保持一致。
She wants to buy a computer that has a long battery life.
她想买一台电池续航力长的电脑。
EN： The transition phrase 'as a result' is used as a conjunctive adverb to introduce a logical consequence or outcome of a previously mentioned situation.
中文： 过渡短语「as a result」（因此、结果）用作连接副词，用来引出前文所述情况的逻辑结果或影响。
He practiced every day; as a result, his English improved significantly.
他每天练习；因此，他的英语有了显著的进步。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'rather than' is used to express preference or to contrast two ideas, meaning 'instead of' or 'and not'. It is followed here by a bare infinitive 'block' to parallel 'support'.
中文： 并列连词「rather than」（而不是）用于表示偏好或对比两个概念，意思是「而不是」。在此处其后接动词原形「block」，以与前面的「support」形成平行结构。
We should focus on solving the problem rather than complaining about it.
我们应该专注于解决问题，而不是抱怨它。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'nevertheless' is used to show contrast, meaning 'in spite of that' or 'however'. It is often placed at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma to connect with the previous context.
中文： 连接副词「nevertheless」用于表示对比，意思是「尽管如此」或「然而」。它通常放在句首，后面接逗号，用以与前文建立逻辑关联。
The test was difficult; nevertheless, she passed with an excellent grade.
这场考试很难；尽管如此，她还是以优异的成绩通过了。
EN： The modal verb 'must' expresses strong obligation or necessity. When combined with 'always' and the phrasal verb 'come first', it emphasizes that something is of the utmost importance and should be prioritized above all else.
中文： 情态助动词「must」表示强烈的义务或必要性。当与「always」和短语动词「come first」结合时，它强调某事具有最高的重要性，应被置于首位。
Safety must always come first when working in a laboratory.
在实验室工作时，安全必须总是排在第一位。
EN： The phrase 'In conclusion' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to signal that the speaker is summarizing their main points or reaching a final decision. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文： 「In conclusion」（总之、结论是）是一个过渡性的副词短语，用于表示说话者正在总结其主要观点或得出最终结论。它通常放在句首，后面接逗号。
In conclusion, we must take immediate action to protect our environment.
总之，我们必须立即采取行动来保护我们的环境。
EN： The clause 'if managed well' is a reduced conditional clause. When the subject of the conditional clause is the same as the main clause's subject (a part-time job), and the verb is a passive 'be' verb (if it is managed well), the subject and 'be' verb can be omitted, leaving 'if' followed by a past participle.
中文： 从句「if managed well」是一个简化的条件从句。当条件从句的主语与主要从句的主语（兼职工作）相同，且动词为被动语态的「be」动词（if it is managed well）时，主语和「be」动词可以省略，只留下「if」加上过去分词。
This device is safe if used correctly.
如果使用正确，这个装置是安全的。
EN： The adverb 'therefore' is used as a conjunctive adverb (or transition word) to show a cause-and-effect relationship. When placed in the middle of a sentence (parenthetical position), it is set off by commas on both sides to smoothly connect the thought to the previous context.
中文： 副词「therefore」（因此）在此作为连接副词（或过渡词）使用，用以表示因果关系。当它被置于句子中间（插入语位置）时，前后需加上逗号，以便将思绪与前文流畅地连接起来。
The weather was bad; we, therefore, decided to cancel the picnic.
天气很糟糕；因此，我们决定取消野餐。
EN： The phrasal preposition 'based on' means 'using something as a foundation or reason.' It is followed by a noun phrase (in this case, 'their own needs') to indicate the basis of an action or decision.
中文： 介词短语「based on」意为「根据、以……为基础」。其后接名词短语（在此处为「their own needs」），用以表示某个行动或决定的依据。
The movie is based on a true story.
这部电影是根据真实故事改编的。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to ask for or give advice, recommendations, or opinions. In questions, the subject and the modal verb are inverted (Should + subject + base verb).
中文： 情态动词「should」（应该）用于征询或提出建议、推荐或意见。在疑问句中，主语与情态动词的位置需要倒装（Should + 主语 + 动词原形）。
Should we start the meeting now?
我们现在应该开始开会吗？
EN： The prepositional phrase 'in class' is used without an article to refer to the state of being in a lesson or during school hours, rather than referring to a physical classroom.
中文： 介词短语「in class」在不加冠词的情况下，指的是「在上课中」或「课堂上」的状态，而非指具体的某间教室实体。
Please keep your voice down in class.
上课时请放低音量。
EN： In English-speaking classrooms, using a classmate's first name (like 'Emma') directly is very common and fosters an egalitarian, collaborative learning environment. The debate on whether to allow smartphones in class is a highly relevant contemporary topic globally.
中文： 在英語系國家的課堂中，直接稱呼同學的名字（如「艾瑪」）是非常普遍且自然的，這有助於建立平等、合作的學習氛圍。此外，課堂上是否開放使用智慧型手機是全球教育界目前非常熱門且具爭議性的話題。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'however' is used to show contrast between two independent clauses. When connecting two independent clauses in a single sentence, it is preceded by a semicolon (;) and followed by a comma (,).
中文： 连接副词「however」（然而）用于表示两个独立分句之间的对比。当在同一个句子中连接两个独立分句时，其前面须使用分号（;），后面则须加上逗号（,）。
She wanted to go for a walk; however, it started to rain.
她想去散步；然而，天开始下雨了。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). This structure is called 'help + object + base verb'.
中文： 动词「help」（帮助）后面可以接宾语和动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。此结构为「help + 宾语 + 动词原形」。
They help us understand the lesson.
他们帮助我们理解这堂课。
EN： The phrasal verb 'look up' means to search for information in a reference book or database. When the object is a noun phrase (like 'new words'), it can place either after 'look up' or between 'look' and 'up'. However, if the object is a pronoun (like 'them'), it must go in the middle (e.g., 'look them up').
中文： 短语动词「look up」表示在参考书或数据库中查阅信息。当宾语是名词短语（如「new words」）时，它可以放在「look up」后面，也可以放在「look」与「up」之间。但如果宾语是代词（如「them」），则必须放在中间（例如：「look them up」）。
You should look up the definition in the dictionary.
你应该在字典里查阅这个定义。
EN： The transition phrase 'For example' is a sentence connector used to introduce an instance that illustrates a previous point. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文： 过渡短语「For example」（例如）是一个句子连接词，用于引入说明前述观点的实例。它通常放在句首，后面接逗号。
For example, some people prefer tea to coffee.
例如，有些人比起咖啡更喜欢茶。
EN： In English academic and professional writing, transition words like 'For example' are essential for logical flow. While 'fast' is commonly used as an adverb in spoken English, formal writing often prefers 'quickly'.
中文： 在英文學術與專業寫作中，「For example」等過渡詞對於邏輯流暢度至關重要。雖然在口語英文中「fast」常被用作副詞，但在正式寫作中，通常更傾向使用「quickly」。
EN： The transitional phrase 'on the other hand' is a conjunctive adverbial used to introduce a contrasting point of view, argument, or fact. It is often paired with 'on the one hand' to present two opposing sides of an issue.
中文： 过渡性短语「on the other hand」（另一方面）是连接性副词短语，用于引出相反的观点、论点或事实。它经常与「on the one hand」（一方面）搭配使用，以呈现某一问题的两个对立面。
The job pays well. On the other hand, the hours are very long.
这份工作薪水很高。但另一方面，工作时间非常长。
EN： The verb 'waste' functions as a transitive verb here, meaning to use or expend something valuable (like time, money, or energy) carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.
中文： 动词「waste」（浪费）在此处作为及物动词，意思是粗心、奢侈或无目的地使用或消耗有价值的东西（如时间、金钱或精力）。
Don't waste your money on things you don't need.
不要把金钱浪费在你不需要的东西上。
EN： In English-speaking academic and professional debates, structuring arguments using balanced transition words like 'on the one hand' and 'on the other hand' is highly valued. It shows critical thinking by acknowledging multiple perspectives of an issue before arriving at a conclusion.
中文： 在英語系的學術與專業辯論中，使用「on the one hand」（一方面）和「on the other hand」（另一方面）等平衡的過渡詞來建構論點是非常受到重視的。這展現了批判性思考，即在得出結論之前，先承認並分析一個問題的多個面向。
EN： The word 'Therefore' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce a logical result or conclusion based on previously stated information. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文： 「Therefore」是一个连接副词，用于根据前面提到的信息引出逻辑上的结果或结论。它通常放在句首，后面紧跟一个逗号。
The weather was terrible. Therefore, the game was canceled.
天气非常糟糕。因此，比赛被取消了。
EN： The structure 'Subject + Be Verb + Adjective' is a basic sentence pattern where the adjective functions as a subject complement, describing the state or quality of the subject. The adverb 'very' is used to modify and intensify the adjective.
中文： 「主语 + be 动词 + 形容词」是一个基本的句型，其中形容词充当主语补语，描述主语的状态或特征。副词「very」则用来修饰并加强该形容词的语气。
These instructions are very clear.
这些指示非常明确。
EN： The word 'Moreover' is a conjunctive adverb used to add information that supports or builds on a previous point. It is formal and typically placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma.
中文： 「Moreover」（此外、而且）是一个连接副词，用于添加支持或补充前述论点的信息。它属于正式用语，通常置于句首，后面接逗号。
Moreover, the new technology is highly cost-effective.
此外，这项新技术的性价比非常高。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or ability. It is followed by the base form of the main verb ('guide') to show what teachers are capable of doing.
中文： 情态助动词「can」（能够、可以）在此处用于表示可能性或能力。其后接动词原形（「guide」），用以说明教师有能力做到的事情。
Parents can guide their children to make healthy food choices.
家长可以引导孩子做出健康的饮食选择。
EN： In educational discussions, especially regarding technology in classrooms, the focus has shifted from banning devices to 'guiding good use.' This reflects a modern pedagogical approach that values digital literacy and self-regulation over strict prohibition.
中文： 在教育議題的討論中（特別是關於課堂上使用手機），焦點已從單純的「禁止設備」轉向「引導良好的使用方式」。這反映了現代教學法更看重數位素養與自我管理，而非一味地嚴格禁止。
EN： The transition word 'In addition' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce extra information or support an existing argument. It is typically followed by a comma.
中文： 转折词「In addition」（此外/而且）是一个连接副词，用于引入额外的信息或支持现有的论点。其后通常会加上逗号。
In addition, the hotel offers free breakfast.
此外，这家饭店还提供免费早餐。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used to express advice, recommendation, or obligation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive).
中文： 情态助动词「should」（应该）用于表达建议、推荐或义务。其后须接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。
We should eat more vegetables for our health.
为了健康，我们应该多吃蔬菜。
EN： In modern digital culture, 'screen breaks' (or 'digital detox') have become highly recommended by health professionals to combat 'computer vision syndrome' and digital fatigue. The 20-20-20 rule (looking at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes) is a common practice associated with this concept.
中文： 在現代數位文化中，健康專家強烈建議進行「螢幕休息」（或稱數位排毒），以對抗「電腦視覺綜合症」和數位疲勞。與此概念相關的一個常見做法是「20-20-20法則」（每觀看螢幕20分鐘，就眺望20英尺遠的地方20秒）。
EN： The phrase 'As a result' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a consequence or outcome of a previously mentioned action or situation.
中文： 「As a result」是一个转折副词短语，用于引出前文所述动作或情况所导致的结果或后果。
He practiced every day. As a result, he won the game.
他每天练习。因此，他赢得了比赛。
EN： The verb 'stay' functions here as a linking verb (copula), which is followed by subject complements (adjectives 'focused' and 'healthy') to describe the state of the subject.
中文： 动词「stay」在此处作为连系动词（linking verb），后面接形容词（focused 和 healthy）作为主语补语，用来描述主语的状态。
Please stay calm during the meeting.
会议期间请保持冷静。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'nevertheless' is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with what has just been said. It is synonymous with 'however' or 'nonetheless' but carries a slightly more formal tone.
中文： 连接副词「nevertheless」（然而、尽管如此）用于引出与前文形成对比的陈述。它与「however」或「nonetheless」同义，但语气更为正式。
The test was difficult; nevertheless, she passed with an excellent grade.
这场考试很难；然而，她还是以优异的成绩通过了。
EN： The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. In the present simple tense, it takes an '-s' (matters) when the subject is third-person singular (self-control). 'Most' is used here as an adverb meaning 'to the greatest extent'.
中文： 动词「matter」是不及物动词，意思是「重要」或「有重大关系」。在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数（self-control）时，动词须加「-s」（matters）。这里的「most」用作副词，表示「最、最大程度地」。
In any relationship, trust matters most.
在任何关系中，信任是最重要的。
EN： In Western educational and self-development contexts, 'self-control' or 'self-discipline' is highly valued as a key predictor of academic and personal success. Using 'nevertheless' to pivot to this concept emphasizes a cultural belief that while external tools and environments are important, personal agency and responsibility are ultimately the deciding factors.
中文： 在西方的教育與個人成長語境中，「self-control」（自制力）或自律被視為學業與個人成功的重要關鍵。使用「nevertheless」將話題轉折至這個概念，強調了一種文化信念：雖然外部工具和環境很重要，但個人的主動能動性與責任感最終才是決定性因素。
EN： The transitional phrase 'In conclusion' is a cohesive device used to signal the final point, summary, or logical result of a discussion. It is typically followed by a comma and a complete clause.
中文： 过渡短语「In conclusion」（总之、结论是）是一种衔接手段，用于引出讨论的最后一点、总结或逻辑结果。它通常后接逗号与一个完整的从句。
In conclusion, we must take immediate action to protect our environment.
总之，我们必须立即采取行动来保护我们的环境。
EN： The comparative structure 'as + adjective + as' is used to show equality. In the idiom 'only as good as...', it expresses a limitation, meaning something's quality or effectiveness is entirely dependent on and limited by the quality of the other thing.
中文： 比较结构「as + 形容词 + as」用于表示同等程度。在习惯用语「only as good as...」（与……一样好／取决于……）中，它表达了一种限制，意指某事物的品质或效能完全取决于且受限于另一事物的品质。
A computer is only as smart as the person programming it.
电脑的聪明程度完全取决于为它编写程序的人。
EN： This sentence expresses a common philosophical idea in modern technology-driven societies: technology itself is neutral. The value, safety, or productivity of any tool (from a simple hammer to advanced AI) depends entirely on the skill, ethics, and intentions of the human using it.
中文： 這句話表達了現代科技導向社會中一個常見的哲學觀點：科技本身是中立的。任何工具（從簡單的鐵錘到先進的人工智慧）的價值、安全性或生產力，完全取決於使用它的人的技能、道德和意圖。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 尽管如此、然而，用于表示转折或让步
在本文中： 责任、职责，指应尽的义务或本分
在本文中： 信心、自信，对自身能力的信任
在本文中： 因素、要素，影响结果的其中一个原因
在本文中： 分散（注意力）、使分心
在本文中： 自我控制、自制力
在本文中： 有价值的、有用的、宝贵的
在本文中： 此外、而且，用于补充说明或递进
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
used to introduce a contrasting point of view, fact, or argument
另一方面
to search for information in a reference book, database, or online
查阅、搜索（资料、单词等）
a job done for only part of the standard working week
兼职工作、打工
used to introduce the final comments or summary of a speech or piece of writing
总之、最后、结论是