Abdul Kalam: The Newspaper Boy阿卜杜勒·卡拉姆：卖报少年
完整音频预览
0:00
0:00
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. In this sentence, 'began' is the irregular past form of 'begin', indicating a specific starting point in history.
中文： 一般过去时（Past Simple）用于描述过去已完成的动作或状态。在此句子中，「began」是「begin」的不规则过去式，表示历史上的一个特定起点。
The project began last month and finished yesterday.
该项目上个月开始，昨天结束。
EN： Prepositions of Place (on/in): 'On' is used for islands or specific surfaces, while 'in' is used for larger geographical areas like regions or countries.
中文： 地点介词（on/in）：'on' 用于岛屿或特定表面，而 'in' 则用于较大的地理区域，如地区或国家。
He lives on a small island in the Pacific Ocean.
他住在太平洋上的一个小岛上。
EN： A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was a renowned scientist and the 11th President of India, often called the 'Missile Man of India'. Rameswaram is a significant pilgrimage town in Tamil Nadu, known for its historical and religious importance.
中文： A.P.J. 阿布杜·卡拉姆是印度著名的科學家，也是第 11 任印度總統，常被稱為「印度導彈之父」。拉梅斯瓦拉姆是泰米爾納德邦一個重要的朝聖城鎮，具有深厚的歷史與宗教意義。
EN： The 'with + noun + -ing' structure is an absolute construction used to provide additional information or circumstances related to the main clause.
中文： 「with + 名词 + 现在分词(-ing)」结构是一种独立主格结构，用于提供与主句相关的补充信息或背景情况。
She sat by the window, with the rain falling softly outside.
她坐在窗边，窗外下着绵绵细雨。
EN： The phrase 'earn a living' is a common collocation meaning to work to provide the money you need to live.
中文： 短语「earn a living」是一个常见的搭配，意思是工作以赚取生活所需的金钱（维持生计）。
He earns a living as a freelance graphic designer.
他以自由接案平面设计师的身份维持生计。
EN： Rameswaram is a coastal town in India where fishing and boat-related trades were historically central to the local economy. The mention of poverty highlights the humble beginnings of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who later became the President of India.
中文： 羅美斯瓦倫（Rameswaram）是印度的一個沿海小鎮，歷史上漁業和造船相關貿易是當地經濟的核心。文中提到貧困，強調了 A.P.J. 阿布杜·卡拉姆出身卑微，他後來成為了印度總統。
EN： The semi-modal verb 'had to' is the past tense of 'have to,' used to express a strong external obligation or necessity that existed in the past.
中文： 半助动词 'had to' 是 'have to' 的过去式，用于表达过去存在的强烈外部义务或必要性（不得不）。
She had to finish the report before the deadline.
她必须在截止日期前完成报告。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to help...' acts as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' Abdul had to work.
中文： 不定式短语 'to help...' 作为目的状语，解释了阿卜杜为什么必须工作的「目的」。
He saved money to buy a new bicycle.
他存钱是为了买一辆新自行车。
EN： In many developing regions during the early 20th century, it was common for children to contribute to the family income. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who later became the President of India, is often cited as an inspiration for overcoming such humble beginnings through education.
中文： 在 20 世紀初的許多開發中地區，孩童分擔家計是很常見的。後來成為印度總統的阿布杜·卡拉姆（A.P.J. Abdul Kalam）常被視為勵志典範，因為他克服了貧困的出身，透過教育改變了命運。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): Used here as a 'reduced relative clause' or to describe a simultaneous action/circumstance. 'Getting up' provides more information about how or when he performed his main action.
中文： 现在分词短语 (V-ing)：此处用作「简化从句」或描述伴随发生的动作或情况。「Getting up」提供了关于他如何或何时执行主句动作的额外信息。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗边，看着雨落下。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The phrase 'to deliver them' explains the reason or purpose for getting up early.
中文： 不定式表示目的 (to + 动词)：短语「to deliver them」解释了早起的理由或目的。
He saved money to buy a new bicycle.
他存钱是为了买一辆新自行车。
EN： In many developing economies during the 20th century, children selling newspapers was a common way to support their families. This reflects the value of hard work and filial responsibility often emphasized in the biography of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
中文： 在 20 世紀許多發展中經濟體中，孩童賣報紙是補貼家計的常見方式。這反映了勤奮工作和孝道責任的價值觀，這也是 A.P.J. Abdul Kalam 傳記中經常強調的特質。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose to explain 'why' the action was performed.
中文： 不定式 (to + 动词) 在此作为副词用法，用来表示目的，解释「为什么」执行该动作。
She saved money to buy a new laptop.
她存钱是为了买一台新笔记本电脑。
EN： The present participle phrase (showing...) acts as a resultative or descriptive clause, providing additional information about the preceding action.
中文： 现在分词短语 (showing...) 作为分词结构，用来补充说明前述动作所带来的结果或展现的特质。
He finished the project early, impressing his boss.
他提前完成了项目，让他的老板印象深刻。
EN： In many traditional cultures, including India during the early 20th century, children often contributed to the family's survival. This sense of 'filial responsibility' is a highly regarded virtue.
中文： 在許多傳統文化中（包括20世紀初的印度），孩童協助維持家計是很常見的。這種「孝道責任感」被視為一種非常崇高的美德。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as an adjective to modify the preceding noun 'birds', describing an ongoing action or state.
中文： 现在分词短语 (V-ing) 在此处作为形容词使用，用来修饰前面的名词 'birds' (鸟类)，描述一个正在进行的动作或状态。
The children watched the leaves falling from the trees.
孩子们看着叶子从树上飘落。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) indicates that the subject is the receiver of the action. 'Fascinated' is the past participle of 'fascinate'.
中文： 被动语态 (be + 过去分词) 表示主语是动作的接受者。'Fascinated' 是 'fascinate' (使着迷) 的过去分词。
She was fascinated by the ancient ruins.
她被那些古代遗迹深深吸引。
EN： A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, known as the 'Missile Man of India', grew up in Rameswaram, a small island town. His early fascination with flight eventually led him to become a scientist and the 11th President of India. This sentence highlights the humble beginnings of his scientific curiosity.
中文： 阿布杜·卡拉姆·卡拉姆 (A.P.J. Abdul Kalam) 被譽為「印度導彈之父」，他在拉梅斯沃勒姆這個小島鎮長大。他早期對飛行的著迷最終引領他成為一名科學家，並擔任印度第11任總統。這句話強調了他科學好奇心的卑微起點。
EN： Relative Clause with Omitted Relative Pronoun: The phrase 'he could find' is a relative clause modifying 'everything'. The relative pronoun 'that' is omitted because it serves as the object of the verb 'find'.
中文： 省略关系代词的关系从句：短语 'he could find' 是一个关系从句，用来修饰 'everything'。由于关系代词 'that' 在从句中担任动词 'find' 的宾语，因此可以省略。
I have finished every task I had to do.
我已经完成了我必须做的每一项任务。
EN： Participle Phrase (Result/Simultaneous Action): 'devouring...' is a present participle phrase used to describe how the main action was performed or to provide additional information about the subject's state during the action.
中文： 分词短语（伴随动作）：'devouring...' 是一个现在分词短语，用来描述主句动作进行的方式，或提供关于主语在动作期间状态的额外信息。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗边，看着雨落下。
EN： The word 'devouring' literally means eating hungrily or quickly. In a literary context, it is used metaphorically to describe reading with intense enthusiasm and speed, highlighting Abdul Kalam's passion for learning despite his humble beginnings.
中文： 'devouring' 原意是狼吞虎嚥地吃。在文學語境中，它被隱喻地用來形容以極大的熱情和速度閱讀，突顯了阿布杜·卡拉姆儘管出身貧寒，卻對學習充滿渴望。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, present simple/modal) is used here to express a general truth or a logical requirement. In this case, 'need to' acts as the modal requirement for the condition.
中文： 第一类条件句（If + 一般现在时，一般现在时/情态动词）在此用于表达普遍真理或逻辑要求。在句中，'need to' 作为达成条件的必要要求。
If you want to pass the exam, you need to study hard.
如果你想通过考试，你就必须努力学习。
EN： The phrase 'One of' is followed by a plural noun ('teachers') but the overall subject is singular, which is why the verb 'told' (past tense of tell) refers to that specific single individual.
中文： 短语 'One of'（其中之一）后面必须接复数名词（teachers），但整体主语视为单数。这里动词使用 'told'（tell 的过去式）来描述该位老师过去所说的话。
One of my friends lives in London.
我的一位朋友住在伦敦。
EN： This quote reflects a common theme in inspirational literature: the importance of vision and imagination as the starting point for any real-world achievement. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, who later became the President of India, often emphasized the power of dreaming to the youth of his country.
中文： 這段話反映了勵志文學中的常見主題：願景與想像力是實現任何現實成就的起點。後來成為印度總統的阿布杜·卡拉姆（A.P.J. Abdul Kalam）經常向該國年輕人強調「夢想的力量」。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (Reduced Relative Clause): The phrase 'sparking his imagination...' is a participle phrase that functions as an adverbial modifier, indicating a result or a simultaneous action caused by the main clause.
中文： 现在分词短语（简化关系从句）：'sparking his imagination...' 是一个分词短语，在此作为副词修饰语，用来表示主句所产生的结果或同时发生的动作。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the city.
大雨持续了数小时，导致城市严重淹水。
EN： Intransitive Verb with Adverb: 'Resonate' is an intransitive verb (a verb that does not take a direct object). It is often paired with an adverb like 'deeply' to describe the intensity of a feeling or reaction.
中文： 不及物动词与副词：'Resonate' 是个不及物动词（不需要直接宾语）。它常与 'deeply' 等副词连用，用来描述感受或反应的强度。
Her words resonated with the audience.
她的话语引起了听众的共鸣。
EN： The subject of the story, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is a highly revered figure in India, known as the 'People's President' and the 'Missile Man of India.' His life story is a classic example of overcoming poverty through education and perseverance, which is a value deeply cherished in many cultures.
中文： 故事的主角阿布杜·卡拉姆（A.P.J. Abdul Kalam）在印度是一位備受尊敬的人物，被譽為「平民總統」和「印度飛彈之父」。他的生平是透過教育與毅力克服貧窮的經典範例，這也是許多文化中深受珍視的價值觀。
EN： The verb 'dream' is often followed by the preposition 'of' or 'about' followed by a gerund (V-ing) to describe the content of the dream or ambition.
中文： 动词 'dream'（梦想）通常后接介词 'of' 或 'about'，再接动名词 (V-ing)，用来描述梦想或抱负的内容。
She dreams of becoming a professional pianist one day.
她梦想有一天能成为一名职业钢琴家。
EN： Parallel structure with 'and': When using coordinating conjunctions like 'and', the grammatical forms should match. Here, 'building' and 'exploring' are both gerunds acting as objects of the preposition 'of'.
中文： 使用 'and' 的平行结构：当使用并列连词 'and' 时，语法形式应保持一致。在此句中，'building' 和 'exploring' 均为动名词，共同作为介词 'of' 的宾语。
He enjoys hiking in the mountains and swimming in the lake.
他喜欢在山中徒步以及在湖中游泳。
EN： A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is a legendary figure in India, known as the 'Missile Man of India' for his work on rocket technology. His journey from a poor background to becoming the President of India is a source of great national pride and inspiration.
中文： A.P.J. 阿布杜·卡拉姆是印度的傳奇人物，因其在火箭技術方面的貢獻被譽為「印度導彈之父」。他從貧困背景成長為印度總統的歷程，是印度國家自豪感與激勵人心的重要來源。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to show contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), never a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介词 'Despite' 用于表示对比（尽管）。它后面必须接名词、名词短语或动名词（V-ing），不能接包含主语和动词的完整从句。
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
尽管下着大雨，足球赛仍继续进行。
EN： The structure 'be determined to + verb' expresses a strong sense of resolve or firm decision to do something.
中文： 结构 'be determined to + 动词' 表达了做某事的坚定决心或果断态度。
She was determined to win the competition.
她决心要赢得这场比赛。
EN： A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, known as the 'Missile Man of India,' rose from a humble background to become the President of India. His life story is a powerful symbol of social mobility through education in Indian culture.
中文： A.P.J. 阿布杜·卡拉姆被譽為「印度導彈之父」，他出身寒微，最終成為印度總統。他的生平故事在印度文化中是透過教育實現社會流動的強大象徵。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('studied', 'earned') to describe completed actions in the past. The conjunction 'and' connects two independent clauses with the same subject, allowing the second 'he' to be omitted for conciseness.
中文： 本句使用一般过去时（studied, earned）来描述过去已完成的动作。连词「and」连接两个具有相同主语的独立从句，为了简洁，第二个主语「he」被省略了。
She worked late and finally finished the report.
她工作到很晚，最后终于完成了报告。
EN： The adverb 'eventually' is used to describe something that happens after a long time or a lot of effort, often placed before the main verb to emphasize the result of a process.
中文： 副词「eventually」（最终）用于描述在长时间或大量努力后发生的事情，通常置于主要动词之前，以强调过程后的结果。
They traveled for hours and eventually reached the summit.
他们走了好几个小时，最终到达了山顶。
EN： In many cultures, including India, obtaining a degree in engineering is highly prestigious and seen as a primary pathway to social mobility, especially for those from humble backgrounds like Abdul Kalam.
中文： 在包括印度在內的許多文化中，獲得工程學位被視為極具聲望的成就，也是社會流動的主要途徑，特別是對於像 Abdul Kalam 這樣出身寒門的人來說。
EN： The sentence uses an 'Adjective Phrase as a Complement' (ready to...). This phrase describes the state of the subject (He) at the time he joined the agency, functioning similarly to a reduced relative clause ('who was ready to...').
中文： 本句使用了「形容词短语作为补语」(ready to...)。这个短语描述了主语 (He) 在加入机构时的状态，其功能类似于省略了关系代词与系动词的从句（即省略了 who was）。
She arrived at the interview, confident in her abilities.
她抵达面试现场，对自己的能力充满信心。
EN： The idiom 'put something to work' means to use a skill, knowledge, or resource for a practical purpose or to achieve a specific result.
中文： 成语「put something to work」意为将某种技能、知识或资源投入实际用途，以达成特定目标，即「付诸实践」或「发挥作用」。
It is time to put your ideas to work.
是时候将你的想法付诸实践了。
EN： ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is a source of immense national pride for India. Abdul Kalam, known as the 'Missile Man of India,' played a pivotal role in its early success, eventually becoming the 11th President of India.
中文： ISRO（印度太空研究組織）是印度巨大的民族驕傲。阿布杜·卡拉姆被譽為「印度導彈之父」，在該組織的早期成功中發揮了關鍵作用，後來更成為了印度第 11 任總統。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to indicate the start of an ongoing activity or profession. In this context, 'working' functions as the direct object of 'began'.
中文： 动词 'begin' 后面可以接动名词 (V-ing)，用来表示开始一项持续性的活动或职业。在此语境中，'working' 作为 'began' 的直接宾语。
She began teaching at the university last year.
她去年开始在大学任教。
EN： Appositive Phrase: The phrase 'a groundbreaking achievement for India' is an appositive that renames or provides more information about the preceding clause or the specific project mentioned.
中文： 同位语短语：'a groundbreaking achievement for India' 是一个同位语，用来重新命名或提供关于前述从句或所提到之特定计划的更多信息。
The team won the championship, a remarkable feat for such a young group.
该团队赢得了冠军，这对于如此年轻的团体来说是一项了不起的壮举。
EN： A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is known as the 'Missile Man of India' for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. His transition from a humble background to the Presidency of India makes him a symbol of meritocracy and national pride.
中文： A.P.J. 阿布杜·卡拉姆因其在彈道飛彈和運載火箭技術開發方面的貢獻，被譽為「印度飛彈之父」。他從貧寒背景到擔任印度總統的歷程，使他成為功績主義和民族自豪感的象徵。
EN： The noun 'capability' is often followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) to specify what kind of ability or power is being described. It functions as an adjectival phrase modifying the noun.
中文： 名词「capability」（能力）之后经常接「不定式」（to + 动词），用来具体说明是什么样的能力或力量。这在语法上作为形容词短语来修饰该名词。
The company has the capability to produce high-quality chips.
这家公司具备生产高品质芯片的能力。
EN： The phrase 'For the first time' is an adverbial phrase of frequency/time. When placed at the beginning of a sentence, it emphasizes the novelty or significance of the event, often followed by a comma.
中文： 短语「For the first time」（第一次/首次）是一个时间副词短语。当放在句首时，它强调了该事件的新颖性或重要性，通常后面会加上逗号隔开。
For the first time, I felt truly independent.
我第一次感到真正地独立。
EN： This sentence refers to India's significant milestone in space exploration. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, known as the 'Missile Man of India,' played a pivotal role in developing the SLV-III (Satellite Launch Vehicle), which made India a member of the exclusive 'Space Club.'
中文： 這句話指的是印度太空探索的重要里程碑。被譽為「印度導彈之父」的阿布杜·卡拉姆（A.P.J. Abdul Kalam）在開發 SLV-III（衛星運載火箭）中發揮了關鍵作用，這使印度成為少數擁有自主發射能力國家的「太空俱樂部」成員。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 贫穷，贫困的状态
在本文中： 贡献，捐助（金钱或心力）
在本文中： 着迷的，深受吸引的
在本文中： 如饥似渴地阅读，废寝忘食地吸收（知识）
在本文中： 引起共鸣，产生深远影响
在本文中： 抱负，野心，志向
在本文中： 下定决心的，意志坚定的
在本文中： 航空航天（的）
在本文中： 开创性的，突破性的
在本文中： 能力，功能，潜力
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
to earn enough money to pay for the things you need
谋生，维持生计
to fly high in the sky with great ease
在高空翱翔
to start using something or someone for a particular purpose
运用，投入使用
to make someone feel interested and creative
激发某人的想象力
Rockets used to carry a payload (such as a satellite or spacecraft) from Earth's surface into outer space.
运载火箭 / 载具
A government organization responsible for a nation's space program and research.
太空研究机构 / 航天局