EN： Noun clause as object: The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that a community... is strong') which functions as the direct object of the main verb 'believe'. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted.
中文： 名词从句作为宾语：连接词「that」引导一个名词从句（that a community... is strong），在句中担任主要动词「believe」的直接宾语。在非正式英语中，「that」常被省略。
I hope that you can join our team.
我希望你能加入我们的团队。
EN： Relative clause (adjective clause): The relative pronoun 'where' introduces a relative clause ('where people care') that modifies the noun 'community'. 'Where' is used because it refers to a place, functioning as an adverb of place within the clause.
中文： 定语从句（形容词从句）：关系副词「where」引导一个定语从句（where people care），用来修饰先行词名词「community」（社区）。因为先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，故使用「where」。
This is the park where we first met.
这就是我们初次见面的公园。
EN： Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a clause ('who help others') that modifies the subject noun 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'help'.
中文： 主语关系从句（形容词性从句）：关系代词「who」引导一个从句（who help others）来修饰主语名词「People」。在这个从句中，「who」担任动词「help」的主语。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力学习的学生通常会取得好成绩。
EN： Object Relative Clauses with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a clause ('that feels safe') modifying the object noun 'place'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the linking verb 'feels'.
中文： 使用「that」的宾语关系从句：关系代词「that」引导一个从句（that feels safe）来修饰宾语名词「place」。在这个从句中，「that」担任系动词「feels」的主语。
She bought a book that looks interesting.
她买了一本看起来很有趣的书。
EN： The 'When' clause is a temporal adverbial clause (time clause). In this sentence, it sets the condition or time under which the main action occurs. When referring to general truths or habitual actions, we use the present simple tense in both the time clause and the main clause.
中文： 「When」引导的时间状语从句。在本句中，它设定了主要动作发生的条件或时间。当描述普遍真理或习惯性动作时，时间从句和主句皆使用一般现在时。
When the sun sets, the temperature drops.
当太阳下山时，气温就会下降。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people carry out an action that mutually affects one another. 'Everyone' is an indefinite pronoun that is grammatically singular, so it takes a singular verb (benefits).
中文： 相互代词「each other」用于表示两个或更多人之间互相影响的动作。而「everyone」是不定代词，在语法上视为单数，因此后方接单数动词（benefits）。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong sense of community and civic responsibility, which is highly valued in many English-speaking cultures. The idea of mutual trust and collective benefit is a cornerstone of neighborhood associations and community-building efforts.
中文： 這句話反映了強烈的社區意識和公民責任感，這在許多英語系國家的文化中非常受到重視。彼此信任與集體互惠的想法是社區發展和鄰里關係的基石。
EN： A free relative clause (or nominal relative clause) introduced by 'What' acts as the subject of the sentence. It means 'the thing that' or 'the things which'.
中文： 由「What」引导的关系从句（又称名词性关系从句）在此担任整个句子的主语，相当于「the thing that」（所发生的事/重要的一点）。
What matters most is your health.
最重要的事情是你的健康。
EN： The wh-adverb 'how' introduces a noun clause acting as the subject complement after the linking verb 'is'. It describes the manner or way in which something is done.
中文： 疑问副词「how」引导名词性从句，在系动词「is」后面作主语补语，用来表示事情进行的方式或方法。
The question is how we can solve this problem.
问题在于我们该如何解决这个问题。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong community-oriented value in Western culture, emphasizing empathy, social responsibility, and the ethical treatment of vulnerable or marginalized groups ('those who need us').
中文： 這句話反映了西方文化中強烈的社區意識與人文關懷，強調同理心、社會責任，以及對弱勢群體（those who need us）的友善與尊重。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces an adjective clause (defining relative clause) modifying the noun 'town'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'values'.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导一个形容词性从句（限定性关系从句），用来修饰名词「town」（城镇）。在此从句中，「that」充当动词「values」的主语。
A company that values creativity often succeeds.
一家重视创造力的公司通常会成功。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' introduces an adjective clause modifying the pronoun 'one' (which stands for 'a town'). 'Where' indicates a place in which the action of the clause ('I want to live') occurs.
中文： 关系副词「where」引导一个形容词性从句，用来修饰代词「one」（在此代指「城镇」）。「where」表示该从句动作（「我想要居住」）发生的地点。
This is the library where I study every weekend.
这是我每个周末读书的图书馆。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause (expressing a contrast). In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect two clauses, unlike in Chinese where '雖然' (although) and '但是' (but) often appear together.
中文： 从属连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步状语从句（表示对比）。在英文中，「although」和「but」（但是）不能同时出现在同一个句子中来连接两个从句，这与中文里「虽然」和「但是」经常成对出现的习惯不同。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The word 'same' is an adjective used to describe identical things. It is almost always preceded by the definite article 'the' (the same) when referring to specific shared characteristics or identities.
中文： 单词「same」（相同的）是形容词，用于描述完全相同的事物。当指代特定共享的特征或身份时，它前面几乎总是会加上定冠词「the」（the same）。
We live in the same building.
我们住在同一栋大楼里。
EN： The noun clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'know'. In this sentence, 'that' introduces the entire statement 'small acts... add up' as the thing being known. The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal speech, but is kept here for clarity.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词从句作为动词 'know' 的直接宾语。在此句子中，'that' 引导了整个陈述「微小的善行累积起来也是很大的力量」作为被知道的事物。在口语中 'that' 经常被省略，但在此处保留以使结构更清晰。
I believe that honesty is the best policy.
我相信诚实是最好的策略。
EN： The non-defining relative clause ', which seem tiny,' is set off by commas and provides extra, non-essential information about the noun 'small acts'. The relative pronoun 'which' is used because 'acts' is a non-human noun. Unlike defining clauses, non-defining clauses cannot use 'that' and cannot be omitted without keeping the main sentence grammatically complete.
中文： 非限定性定语从句「, which seem tiny,」由逗号隔开，针对名词「small acts」（微小的善行）提供额外且非必要的补充说明。因为「acts」是非人物，所以使用关系代词「which」。与限定性从句不同，非限定性从句不能使用「that」替代「which」，且将其删除后主句结构依然完整。
My new car, which cost a lot of money, is very reliable.
我的新车（花了我很多钱）非常可靠。
EN： The word 'Whoever' is an indefinite relative pronoun that means 'any person who' or 'no matter who'. In this sentence, 'Whoever joins our effort' acts as a noun clause serving as the subject of the main verb 'makes'.
中文： 「Whoever」是一个不定关系代词，意思是「任何…的人」或「无论是谁」。在本句中，「Whoever joins our effort」作为名词性从句，担任主要动词「makes」的主语。
Whoever finishes the project first will win the prize.
无论谁先完成这个项目，都将获得奖品。
EN： The verb 'make' is used here as a causative/factitive verb in the pattern 'make + object + object complement (adjective)'. The comparative adjective 'stronger' describes the state of the object 'it' resulting from the action.
中文： 动词「make」在此处用作使役/不完全及物动词，句型为「make + 宾语 + 宾语补语（形容词）」。比较级形容词「stronger」描述了宾语「it」因该动作而产生的状态变化。
Regular exercise makes your body healthier.
规律的运动会让你的身体更健康。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong community-oriented value prevalent in many English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that collective effort and inclusivity ('whoever') are key to social strength and resilience.
中文： 這句話反映了許多英語系國家中強烈的社區導向價值觀，強調集體努力與包容性（「whoever」，即不論是誰）是社會力量與韌性的關鍵。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, will/can + base verb) is used to talk about possible future events and their realistic results. In this sentence, 'If we act together' is the condition, and 'we can fix...' is the likely outcome.
中文： 第一条件句（If + 一般现在时，will/can + 动词原形）用于讨论未来可能发生的事件及其现实的结果。在本句中，「If we act together」是条件，「we can fix...」是可能达成的结果。
If you study hard, you can pass the exam.
如果你努力学习，你就能通过考试。
EN： The nominal relative pronoun 'what' acts as 'the thing(s) that'. It introduces a noun clause ('what is broken') that functions as the direct object of the verb 'fix'.
中文： 关系代词「what」相当于「the thing(s) that」（所……的事物）。它引导一个名词从句（what is broken），在句中作为动词「fix」的直接宾语。
She always says what is on her mind.
她总是心直口快（说出她心里所想的事）。
EN： Defining Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes and defines the subject 'The people'. It tells us exactly which people we are talking about.
中文： 限定性定语从句（形容词从句）：关系代词「who」用于引导一个修饰并限定主语「The people」（人们）的从句，明确指出我们所指的是「哪一种」人。
The students who study hard usually pass the exam.
努力学习的的学生通常会通过考试。
EN： Adverbial Clauses of Time: The conjunction 'before' introduces a time clause ('before they speak') that indicates when the main action ('listen') takes place.
中文： 时间状语从句：连接词「before」（在...之前）引导一个时间从句（before they speak），用来表示主要动作（listen）发生的时间点。
Think carefully before you make a decision.
在做决定之前要仔细思考。
EN： This sentence reflects a widely valued leadership philosophy in modern professional and community environments, emphasizing active listening and empathy over authoritative speaking. It aligns with the concept of 'servant leadership' popular in Western organizational psychology.
中文： 這句話反映了現代職場與社群環境中備受推崇的領導哲學，強調「主動傾聽」與「同理心」的重要性，而非一味地發號施令。這與西方組織心理學中流行的「僕人式領導」概念相契合。
EN： A noun clause introduced by 'That' can function as the subject of a sentence. This structure is used to state a fact or an idea as a complete proposition. It is often considered formal and can also be rephrased using an introductory 'It' (e.g., 'It is simply a fact that we depend on each other').
中文： 由「That」引导的名词性从句可以作为整个句子的主语。这种结构用于将一个完整的主张或事实当作一个整体来陈述。这属于较为正式的用法，通常也可以用形式主语「It」来改写（例如：「It is simply a fact that we depend on each other」）。
That she passed the exam surprised everyone.
她通过了考试这件事让每个人都感到很惊讶。
EN： The phrasal verb 'depend on' means to rely on or trust someone or something. It is followed by a noun or pronoun object.
中文： 短语动词「depend on」表示信赖、依靠或取决于某人或某事。后面接名词或代词作为宾语。
Children depend on their parents for food and shelter.
孩子们依靠父母提供食物和住所。
EN： The adverbial clause of time introduced by 'when' is used to indicate the condition or time under which the main action occurs. In this sentence, 'when no one is left behind' specifies the condition for the society to work best.
中文： 由连接词「when」引导的时间状语从句，用于表示主句动作发生的时间或条件。在本句中，「when no one is left behind」指定了社会运作得最好的前提条件。
A team performs best when everyone communicates openly.
当每个人都公开交流时，团队表现得最好。
EN： The passive voice 'is left behind' (be + past participle) is used here with the negative pronoun 'no one' to express that no individual is abandoned or excluded. 'Leave behind' is a phrasal verb meaning to abandon or fail to include.
中文： 此处使用被动语态「is left behind」（be 动词 + 过去分词），并结合否定代词「no one」，表示没有任何人被遗弃或排除在外。「leave behind」是一个短语动词，意思是遗留、抛下或未能纳入。
No student should be left behind in the learning process.
在学习过程中，不应该有任何学生被落下。
EN： The phrase 'leave no one behind' has strong cultural and political resonance in English-speaking societies. Originally associated with military solidarity (not leaving wounded soldiers on the battlefield), it has evolved into a cornerstone concept for social justice, inclusive growth, and public policy (such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals).
中文： 「leave no one behind」（不遺下任何人）在英語系國家的文化和政治語境中具有強烈的共鳴。該詞最初與軍事團結有關（不將受傷的士兵留在戰場上），後來演變成社會正義、包容性增長和公共政策（如聯合國可持續發展目標）的核心概念。
EN： The phrase 'come to + verb' (e.g., 'come to believe', 'come to realize') is used to describe a gradual change in attitude, belief, or understanding over a period of time.
中文： 「come to + 动词」（例如「come to believe」渐渐相信、「come to realize」渐渐明白）用于描述态度、信念或理解在一段时间内逐渐发生的转变。
After living abroad, I have come to appreciate my own culture more.
出国生活后，我渐渐更加欣赏自己的文化。
EN： The passive voice 'is built by' is used here to shift the focus of the sentence to the receiver of the action ('a good community') rather than the doers ('everyone'), emphasizing the result of collective effort.
中文： 此处使用被动语态「is built by」（由……所建立），将句子的焦点转移到动作的承受者（「一个好的社区」）而非执行者（「每个人」），借此强调集体努力的成果。
This beautiful garden is maintained by local volunteers.
这座美丽的花园是由当地的志愿者维护的。
EN： The sentence uses a defining relative clause (adjective clause) introduced by the relative pronoun 'who' to modify the subject 'People'. 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who care about their neighbors'.
中文： 本句使用关系代词「who」引导的限定性关系从句（形容词性从句）来修饰主语「People」（人们）。「who」在关系从句「who care about their neighbors」中担任主语角色。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力学习的学生通常会取得好成绩。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce an adjective clause modifying the noun of place 'a place'. Within this clause, 'where' functions as an adverbial of place, meaning 'in which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导形容词性从句，修饰表示地点的名词「a place」（地方）。在此从句中，「where」相当于「in which」，作地点状语使用。
This is the park where we first met.
这就是我们初次相遇的公园。
EN： The use of 'those who' is a common relative clause structure used to refer to people in general who meet a certain condition. 'Those' acts as a demonstrative pronoun (meaning 'the people'), and 'who' introduces the defining relative clause.
中文： 「those who」是一个常见的关系从句结构，用来泛指符合某种特定条件的人。「those」在此作为指示代词（意为「那些人」），而「who」则引导后面的限定性关系从句。
We should support those who strive to make a difference.
我们应该支持那些努力做出改变的人。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause.
中文： 由「when」引导的时间状语从句，用于表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，或在从句动作之后立即发生。
When we share our resources, we build a stronger community.
当我们分享资源时，我们就建立了一个更强大的社群。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong sense of collectivism and community support, which is a core value in many cultures emphasizing social responsibility and mutual aid over individual isolation.
中文： 這句話反映了強烈的集體主義與社區互助精神。在許多強調社會責任與互助的文化中，這是一個核心價值，強調群體的力量大於個人的孤立奮鬥。
EN： A nominal relative clause (or free relative clause) starting with 'What' acts as the subject of the sentence. It means 'the thing that' or 'that which' and is used to emphasize a specific point.
中文： 由「What」引导的名词性关系从句（或称自由关系从句）在句中担任主语。其意思是「那件…的事」，常用于强调特定的观点或事物。
What worries me is the lack of preparation.
让我担心的是准备不足。
EN： An embedded question (or noun clause) introduced by 'how much' functions as the subject complement after the linking verb 'is'. It follows statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order.
中文： 由「how much」引导的间接问句（名词性从句）在系动词「is」后面作主语补语。此从句须使用陈述句语序（主语 + 动词），而非疑问句语序。
I realized how much she cared about the project.
我意识到她有多么在乎这个项目。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used in the same sentence to connect the clauses.
中文： 从属连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步状语从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，「although」和「but」（但是）不能同时出现在同一个句子中来连接两个从句。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'choose' is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to express a decision or preference to perform an action.
中文： 动词「choose」（选择）后面接不定式（to + 动词原形），用来表示决定或偏好去做某个动作。
She chose to study abroad instead of finding a job.
她选择出国留学，而不是找工作。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that the choices we make shape the world we share') acting as the direct object of the main verb 'know'. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted, but it is kept here for clarity.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词性从句：单词 'that' 在此引导一个名词性从句（'that the choices we make shape the world we share'），作为主要动词 'know' 的直接宾语。在非正式英语中，'that' 经常会被省略，但在此处保留以使结构更清晰。
I believe that we can make a difference.
我相信我们能有所作为。
EN： Relative Clauses with Omitted Relative Pronouns: The phrases 'we make' and 'we share' are defining relative clauses modifying 'the choices' and 'the world' respectively. Because the relative pronouns ('which' or 'that') function as the objects of the verbs 'make' and 'share', they are commonly omitted.
中文： 省略关系代词的关系从句：短语 'we make' 和 'we share' 分别是限定修饰 'the choices' 和 'the world' 的关系从句。因为关系代词（'which' 或 'that'）在从句中担任动词 'make' 和 'share' 的宾语，所以通常会被省略。
The book you lent me was fascinating.
你借给我的那本书非常引人入胜。
EN： Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The sentence uses two relative clauses to modify nouns. 'that protects its weakest members' is a defining relative clause modifying 'A society', where 'that' acts as the subject. 'we can be proud of' (with the relative pronoun 'which' or 'that' omitted) is a relative clause modifying 'one' (pronoun for society), where the relative pronoun acts as the object of the preposition 'of'.
中文： 定语从句（形容词从句）：本句使用了两个定语从句来修饰名词。「that protects its weakest members」是一个限定性定语从句，修饰主语「A society」，其中「that」充当关系代词作主语。而「we can be proud of」（省略了关系代词 which 或 that）则是修饰代词「one」的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词「of」的宾语。
The project that we are working on is something we can be proud of.
我们正在进行的这个项目是一件我们可以为之自豪的事情。
EN： Preposition at the End of a Relative Clause: In informal and standard spoken English, prepositions (like 'of' in 'proud of') are commonly left at the end of the relative clause rather than being placed before the relative pronoun (e.g., 'of which we can be proud').
中文： 介词置于定语从句末尾：在日常口语和标准英语中，介词（如 'proud of' 中的 'of'）通常会留在定语从句的末尾，而不是放在关系代词之前（例如较正式的 'of which we can be proud'）。
This is the house that I told you about.
这就是我之前跟你提过的那间房子。
EN： This sentence reflects a widely held social value in democratic and humanitarian cultures, often associated with quotes from figures like Hubert Humphrey or Mahatma Gandhi, suggesting that the moral test of a society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens.
中文： 這句話反映了民主與人道主義文化中廣泛認同的社會價值觀。這類觀點常與休伯特·漢弗萊（Hubert Humphrey）或甘地（Mahatma Gandhi）等名人的名言相呼應，即一個社會的道德水準取決於它如何對待最弱勢的群體。
EN： The word 'whoever' is an indefinite relative pronoun that means 'any person who' or 'no matter who'. In this sentence, it introduces a noun clause ('Whoever gives time or care') that functions as the subject of the main verb 'makes'.
中文： 单词「whoever」是一个不定关系代词，意思是「任何…的人」或「无论是谁」。在本句中，它引导一个名词从句（Whoever gives time or care）作为主要动词「makes」的主语。
Whoever finishes the project first will receive a prize.
无论是谁先完成这个项目，都将获得奖品。
EN： A defining relative clause (or restrictive relative clause) starting with 'that' is used to identify or define the noun preceding it. Here, 'that lasts' modifies the noun 'difference', specifying that the difference is one of a permanent or long-enduring nature.
中文： 以「that」引导的限定性定语从句（或限制性定语从句）用于修饰或定义其前面的名词。在这里，「that lasts」修饰名词「difference」，说明这种影响是持久且深远的。
She wants to find a job that challenges her.
她想找一份能给她带来挑战的工作。
EN： The phrase 'make a difference' is a deeply ingrained cultural concept in English-speaking societies, emphasizing individual agency and the value of contributing to the community, no matter how small the act.
中文： 「make a difference」（帶來改變/產生影響）在英語系國家是一個根深蒂固的文化概念，強調個人能動性以及為社區做出貢獻的價值，無論行動多麼微小。
EN： The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'their') and connects a relative clause to a noun (in this case, 'people').
中文： 关系代词「whose」用于表示所有格关系。它取代了所有格形容词（如「their」），并将关系从句连接到先行词（在此句中为「people」）。
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
我认识了一位书很畅销的作家。
EN： This sentence uses a First Conditional structure ('If' + present simple, + present simple/modal) to describe a general truth or a highly possible future outcome based on a specific condition.
中文： 本句使用了第一类条件句结构（「If」+ 现在时，+ 现在时/助动词），用来描述基于特定条件下的一般真理或极有可能发生的未来结果。
If we practice every day, we improve quickly.
如果我们每天练习，我们就会进步得很快。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong modern social value in English-speaking democratic societies: inclusivity and active listening. It emphasizes the importance of giving a platform to marginalized groups (those 'whose voices are often ignored') to foster collective growth and empathy.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系民主社會中強烈的現代社會價值觀：包容性與積極傾聽。它強調了給予邊緣群體（那些「聲音經常被忽視的人」）發言平台的重要性，以促進集體的成長與共情。
EN： The noun clause 'that we are connected' acts as an appositive to the noun 'The fact'. An appositive clause (同位語子句) is introduced by the conjunction 'that' and serves to explain or define the content of the preceding abstract noun.
中文： 名词从句「that we are connected」作为名词「The fact」的同位语。同位语从句由连接词「that」引导，用来解释或定义前面抽象名词的具体内容。
The news that he won the race surprised everyone.
他赢得比赛的这个消息让每个人都很惊讶。
EN： The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It does not require a direct object.
中文： 动词「matter」是不及物动词，意思是「重要」或「有重大关系」，其后不需要接直接宾语。
Your opinion matters to us.
你的意见对我们来说很重要。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong sense of civic responsibility and community interdependence, which is a common theme in modern social discourse emphasizing collective impact over individual isolation.
中文： 這句話反映了強烈的公民責任感與社區相互依存的觀念，這是現代社會論述中常見的主題，強調集體影響力而非個人的孤立存在。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time with 'When': The word 'when' introduces an adverbial clause of time, which sets the condition or time frame for the main clause. In zero conditional sentences (expressing general truths), both the time clause and the main clause use the simple present tense.
中文： 由 'when' 引导的时间状语从句：单词 'when' 用于引导时间状语从句，为主句设定条件或时间背景。在表达普遍真理的「零类条件句」中，时间从句与主句皆使用一般现在时。
When water reaches 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
当水达到摄氏 100 度时，它就会沸腾。
EN： The Phrasal Verb 'spread to': This verb phrase means to reach or affect a larger area or more people. 'Spread' is an intransitive verb here, and 'to' is a preposition indicating the direction or recipient of the spreading action.
中文： 短语动词 'spread to'：此动词短语意为「传播到」或「波及」更大的范围或更多的人。这里的 'spread' 是不及物动词，而 'to' 是介词，用以指出传播动作的方向或接受者。
The flu can easily spread to other family members.
流感很容易传播给其他家庭成员。
EN： The use of defining relative clauses (adjective clauses) without a relative pronoun. When the relative pronoun (such as 'which' or 'that') acts as the object of the relative clause, it can be omitted. In 'the community [that] we want' and 'the one [that] we choose to build', 'that' is omitted because 'we' is the subject of the relative clauses.
中文： 限定性关系从句（形容词性从句）中关系代词的省略。当关系代词（如 that 或 which）在从句中担任宾语时，通常可以省略。在「the community [that] we want」与「the one [that] we choose to build」中，关系代词皆因在从句中作宾语而省略。
The book we read yesterday was very inspiring.
我们昨天读的那本书非常具有启发性。
EN： The pronoun 'one' is used as a substitute word to avoid repeating a previously mentioned singular countable noun (in this case, 'the community').
中文： 代词「one」的替代用法。用来代替前面已经出现过的单数可数名词（在此句中指「the community」），以避免文字重复。
If you don't have a pen, I can lend you one.
如果你没有圆珠笔，我可以借你一支。
EN： The pronoun 'What' is used as a subject question word. When 'what' acts as the subject of a sentence, the verb following it is conjugated in the third person singular (e.g., 'makes'). Unlike object questions, subject questions do not require auxiliary verbs like 'do' or 'does'.
中文： 代词「What」（什么）在此用作主语疑问词。当「what」作为句子的主语时，其后的动词需使用第三人称单数形式（例如「makes」）。与宾语疑问句不同，主语疑问句不需要助动词（如 do 或 does）。
What brings you to this beautiful city?
是什么风把你吹到这座美丽的城市的？
EN： The verb 'make' is a causative verb used in the pattern 'make + object + object complement (adjective)'. It means to cause the object to be in a certain state or possess a certain quality.
中文： 动词「make」在此作为使役动词，使用「make + 宾语 + 宾语补语（形容词）」的句型。意思是使宾语处于某种状态或具备某种特质。
Music makes me happy.
音乐让我感到快乐。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, starting a question with a direct address (or ending with it, like 'Emma') is a common way to show warmth, establish personal connection, and invite the other person into a meaningful conversation.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在問句的開頭或結尾直接加上對方的名字（如本句尾的「艾瑪」），是一種非常常見的社交方式。這能展現親切感、建立個人連結，並誠摯地邀請對方參與有意義的對話。
EN： The relative adverb 'where' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies a noun of place (in this case, 'A place'). The relative clause 'where people help each other' describes what kind of place it is.
中文： 关系副词「where」用于引导关系从句（形容词性从句），修饰表示地点的名词（在此句中为「A place」）。关系从句「where people help each other」用来描述那是一个怎样的地方。
This is the library where we study together.
这就是我们一起学习的图书馆。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people do the same thing to one another. It acts as the object of the verb 'help'.
中文： 相互代词「each other」用于表示两个或更多的人对彼此做相同的事情。在此句中，它作为动词「help」的宾语，表示「互相」。
They always support each other during difficult times.
他们在困难时期总是互相支持。
EN： The noun clause introduced by 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'think'. In informal English, 'that' is often omitted, but including it makes the structure clearer.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词性从句作为动词 'think' 的直接宾语。在非正式英语中，'that' 经常被省略，但保留它可以使句子结构更清晰。
I believe that honesty is the best policy.
我相信诚实是最好的策略。
EN： A free relative clause (or nominal relative clause) introduced by 'what' functions as a noun phrase. Here, 'what holds us together' acts as the subject complement after the linking verb 'is'.
中文： 由 'what' 引导的关系从句（名词性关系从句）在句中相当于一个名词短语。在此处，'what holds us together' 作为系动词 'is' 后面的主语补语。
This is what I wanted to tell you.
这就是我想告诉你的事。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like 'when'. They indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. In this sentence, 'When we respect those who differ' sets the condition or time for the main action 'we grow'.
中文： 时间状语从句由从属连词（如 'when'）引导，用来表示主句动作发生的时间。在本句中，「When we respect those who differ」为主要动作「we grow」设定了时间或前提条件。
When the rain stops, we will go for a walk.
雨一停，我们就去散步。
EN： The pronoun 'those' can be used as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the people'. It is frequently followed by a relative clause (starting with 'who', 'whom', or 'whose') to define or describe the specific group of people being referred to.
中文： 代词「those」可用作指示代词，意思是「那些人」。它经常后面接定语从句（由 'who'、'whom' 或 'whose' 引导），用来限定或描述所指的特定人群。
We should help those who are in need.
我们应该帮助那些有需要的人。
EN： The word 'whoever' acts as a compound relative pronoun meaning 'any person who' or 'no matter who'. It introduces a nominal clause that functions as the subject of the main verb 'matters'.
中文： 「whoever」是复合关系代词，意为「任何…的人」或「无论是谁」。在此处它引导一个名词性从句，作为主要动词「matters」的主语。
Whoever wins the race will receive a trophy.
无论谁赢得比赛，都会获得奖杯。
EN： The phrase 'however small' is an elliptical concessive clause (short for 'however small it may be'). 'However' here is an adverb meaning 'no matter how', used to modify the adjective 'small'.
中文： 「however small」是一个省略的让步状语从句（完整为「however small it may be」）。这里的「however」是副词，表示「无论多么」，用来修饰形容词「small」。
However difficult the task is, we must finish it.
无论这项任务多么困难，我们都必须完成它。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong democratic and community-oriented value in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that every individual's effort, no matter how minor, is valuable and recognized in collective achievements.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家中強烈的民主與社區意識價值觀，強調每個人的努力——不論多麼微不足道——在集體成就中都是寶貴且值得被認可的。
EN： A nominal relative clause (or free relative clause) introduced by 'What' functions as a noun phrase. In this sentence, 'What I value' acts as the subject of the main verb 'is'. This structure is often used for emphasis, highlighting the specific thing that is valued.
中文： 由「What」引导的名词性关系从句（或称自由关系从句）在句中相当于名词短语。在本句中，「What I value」（我所珍惜的）作为主要动词「is」的主语。这种结构常用于表示强调，突显所珍惜的具体事物。
What she needs is a good rest.
她所需要的是好好休息。
EN： An adjective clause (or relative clause) introduced by the relative pronoun 'that' modifies the noun 'town'. Since 'that' functions as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed immediately by the verb 'welcomes' and cannot be omitted.
中文： 由关系代词「that」引导的形容词性从句（关系从句）用来修饰名词「town」（城镇）。由于「that」在关系从句中担任主语，其后紧接动词「welcomes」，因此在此处不能省略。
He bought a car that runs on electricity.
他买了一辆以电力运行的汽车。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause (expressing a contrast). In English, 'although' and 'but' cannot be used together in the same sentence to connect clauses, unlike in Chinese where '雖然' and '但是' often pair up.
中文： 从属连词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步状语从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，「although」和「but」（但是）不能同时出现在同一个句子中来连接两个从句。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used here to express ability or possibility in the present. It is followed by the base form of the verb ('solve').
中文： 情态动词「can」在此处用于表示现在的能力或可能性。其后必须接动词原形（「solve」）。
We can achieve our goals if we work hard.
如果我们努力，我们就能实现目标。
EN： Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause ('who listen') that modifies the plural noun 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'listen'.
中文： 主语关系从句：关系代词「who」引导一个形容词性从句（who listen）来修饰复数名词「People」。在此从句中，「who」担任动词「listen」的主语。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力学习的学生通常会取得好成绩。
EN： Ellipsis and Parallelism: The phrase ', not walls' is a shortened form of ', they do not build walls'. It uses ellipsis to omit repeated words ('build') for emphasis and contrast.
中文： 省略与平行结构：短语「, not walls」是「, they do not build walls」的简化形式。它利用省略法省去了重复的动词（build），以达到强调与对比的效果。
We need actions, not words.
我们需要的是行动，而不是言语。
EN： This sentence uses a famous metaphorical contrast in English: 'bridges' represent connection, communication, and understanding between different people or groups, while 'walls' represent division, isolation, and barriers. It is a common philosophical saying in modern leadership and community-building contexts.
中文： 這句話使用了英文中非常著名的隱喻對比：「橋樑（bridges）」代表不同人群或團體之間的連結、溝通與理解；而「高牆（walls）」則代表分裂、孤立與阻礙。這是在現代領導力與社區建設中非常常見的哲理名言。
EN： The first conditional structure (If + present simple, present simple) is used here as a zero conditional to express a general truth or automatic result. When the condition in the 'if' clause is met, the result in the main clause naturally follows.
中文： 此处使用条件句结构（If + 一般现在时，一般现在时）作为「零条件句」，用来表达普遍真理或必然的结果。当「if」从句中的条件达成时，主句的结果自然会随之发生。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰，它就会融化。
EN： The relative adverbs 'where' introduces a relative clause ('where we live') that modifies the noun 'place'. It functions as an adverbial of place within the relative clause, meaning 'in which'.
中文： 关系副词「where」引导关系从句（形容词性从句）「where we live」，用来修饰先行词名词「place」。它在关系从句中充当地点状语，相当于「in which」。
This is the library where I study.
这就是我学习的图书馆。
EN： The pronoun 'one' is used as a substitute to avoid repeating the noun 'society'. It functions as the subject complement in this sentence.
中文： 代词「one」在此处用作替代词，以避免重复前面出现过的名词「society」（社会）。它在句中担任主语补语的角色。
This book is the one that I told you about.
这本书就是我之前跟你提过的那一本。
EN： The relative clause 'that we all create' is an adjective clause modifying the pronoun 'one'. 'That' acts as the relative pronoun representing the object of the verb 'create'.
中文： 关系从句「that we all create」是一个形容词性从句，用来修饰代词「one」。关系代词「that」在从句中担任动词「create」的宾语。
The goals that we all share will guide our future.
我们共同拥有的目标将指引我们的未来。
EN： This sentence reflects a democratic and community-oriented value system common in many English-speaking cultures, emphasizing individual responsibility and collective effort in shaping society, rather than relying solely on leaders or government.
中文： 這句話反映了許多英語系國家常見的民主與社群導向價值觀，強調個人在塑造社會中的責任與集體努力，而非單純依賴領導者或政府。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 获益、得益
在本文中： 奋斗的、处于困境的
在本文中： 加强、巩固
在本文中： 保护、防护
在本文中： 有联系的、相连的
在本文中： 贡献、出力
在本文中： 欢迎、接纳
在本文中： 不同、有分歧
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To increase gradually until there is a large amount or total.
积少成多、产生显著效果
To be abandoned or not included in progress or development.
被遗忘、被抛在后面
To improve relationships between people who are very different or do not like each other.
搭起沟通的桥梁、建立联系