School Sports Day (J8B)งานกีฬาสีโรงเรียน (J8B)
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EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
I saw him cross the street safely.
EN: Direct speech reporting with 'says [Name]'. In English stories or dialogues, the reporting verb (like 'says' or 'said') can be placed after the quoted speech. When the subject is a proper noun (like 'Hana'), we often use the word order 'says/said + Subject'.
"I am ready," says Tom.
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject perceived the entire action from start to finish.
ไทย: คำกริยา "hear" (ได้ยิน) เป็นคำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส เมื่อตามด้วยกรรมและคำกริยารูปฐาน (infinitive ที่ไม่มี to) หมายความว่าประธานได้ยินการกระทำนั้นตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบอย่างครบถ้วน
I heard the phone ring three times.
EN: The adverbial phrase 'so loudly' uses the intensifier 'so' to modify the adverb 'loudly', which describes the manner of the action 'cheer'.
ไทย: ในวลีวิเศษณ์ "so loudly" คำวิเศษณ์แสดงระดับ "so" (อย่างมาก) ใช้ขยายคำวิเศษณ์ "loudly" (ดังๆ) และ "loudly" ใช้ขยายคำกริยา "cheer" (เชียร์) เพื่อบอกลักษณะและวิธีการ
She speaks so softly that I can barely hear her.
เธอพูดเบามากจนฉันแทบไม่ได้ยิน
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, we can use a bare infinitive (verb root without 'to') to emphasize that the entire action was witnessed from start to finish.
We watched the plane land safely.
เราดูเครื่องบินลงจอดอย่างปลอดภัย
EN: Direct speech in English often uses reporting verbs like 'says' or 'said'. When the reporting clause comes after the quote, the subject and verb can be inverted (e.g., 'says Emma' or 'Emma says'), which is a common literary and narrative style.
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: The verb 'see' is a verb of perception (sensory verb). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We saw the plane land safely.
EN: The phrasal verb 'get up' means to rise to one's feet after falling or lying down. In the past tense, 'get' becomes 'got'. The adverb 'fast' modifies 'got up' to describe the speed of the action.
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb base), it indicates that the subject heard the entire action from start to finish. In this sentence, 'I heard my name [called]' is implied, but the structure focuses on 'I heard my name' as a direct object, followed by an adverbial time clause.
I heard the phone ring in the middle of the night.
EN: The conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that one action ('the coach called it') happened at the same time as or immediately before another action ('I heard my name').
She smiled when she saw the flowers.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
ไทย: คำกริยา "watch" (ดู) เป็นคำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส เมื่อตามด้วยกรรมและคำกริยารูปฐาน (infinitive ที่ไม่มี to) หมายความว่าประธานได้เห็นการกระทำนั้นตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบอย่างครบถ้วน
I watched the sun rise over the mountains.
ฉันดูพระอาทิตย์ขึ้นจากหลังภูเขา
EN: In written English, direct speech is often followed by a reporting clause (e.g., 'says Hana'). When the reporting verb is in the simple present tense ('says'), it makes the narration feel more immediate and lively.
ไทย: ในภาษาอังกฤษแบบเขียน คำพูดโดยตรงมักตามด้วยประโยคที่บอกผู้พูด (เช่น "says Hana") เมื่อใช้คำกริยาบอกผู้พูดในรูปปัจจุบันกาลแบบง่าย (says) จะทำให้การเล่าดูตรงไปตรงมาและมีชีวิตชีวามากขึ้น
"I love this song," says Leo.
EN: Verbs of perception (such as 'feel', 'see', 'hear', 'watch') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to describe a completed action or the entire event from start to finish.
I felt the wind blow against my face.
EN: The conjunction 'as' is used to connect two actions happening at the same time, often meaning 'while' or 'at the same time that'.
She waved goodbye as the train started to move.
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment it was perceived.
I saw the children playing in the park.
EN: Direct speech is often followed by a reporting verb like 'says' or 'said' and the speaker's name. In written English, the reporting clause (e.g., 'says Emma') can be placed after the quoted speech, separated by a comma inside the quotation marks.
EN: Cheerleading is a prominent and highly organized sport in American schools, especially during sports days, football, and basketball games. It represents team spirit, energy, and community support.
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject perceived the entire action from start to finish.
I heard the phone ring three times.
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (like 'asks') comes after the quoted speech, the subject and verb can be inverted (e.g., 'asks Ryan' or 'Ryan asks'). Here, 'asks Ryan' is used to keep the focus on the dialogue.
"We are ready," says Leo.
EN: Verbs of perception (such as 'hear', 'see', 'watch') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb root without 'to') to describe an action that is completed or witnessed from start to finish.
I heard the bell ring.
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (like 'says') comes after the quoted speech, the subject and verb can remain in the standard order (Subject + Verb) or be inverted (Verb + Subject), especially when the subject is a proper noun.
"I am ready," says Sarah.
“ฉันพร้อมแล้ว” ซาร่าห์พูด
EN: The verb 'watch' is a verb of perception (感官動詞). When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment of observation.
I watched the children playing in the park.
EN: Direct speech reporting clause: When quoting what someone said, we use a reporting verb like 'says'. In written English, the reporting clause (e.g., 'says Hana') often follows the direct quotation, separated by a comma.
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: In school sports days (especially in British, Commonwealth, and East Asian schools), events like the high jump (indicated by 'the bar') are classic track and field highlights where students gather to cheer for their classmates, fostering a strong sense of community.
EN: Exclamatory sentences starting with 'What' are used to express strong emotions such as excitement, surprise, or admiration. The structure is: 'What + a/an + adjective + singular countable noun + (subject + verb)!'. In this sentence, 'What an exciting sports day it was!' follows this pattern, where 'it was' can optionally be omitted in casual speech.
What a beautiful song that was!
EN: Direct speech reporting verbs: When quoting what someone said, the reporting verb (like 'says') and the speaker (like 'Sarah') can be placed after the quote. In present tense storytelling, 'says' is commonly used to make the narrative feel more immediate and alive.
EN: In many English-speaking schools, 'Sports Day' (or Field Day) is an annual event filled with track and field competitions, team games, and community cheering. It is a highly anticipated day focused on fun, school spirit, and physical activity rather than just intense competition.
EN: The phrase 'be full of' is a common idiomatic expression meaning to contain a lot of something. It is followed by a noun or a list of nouns.
The kitchen was full of the aroma of fresh coffee.
EN: Compound nouns like 'sports day' function as a single noun unit. Here, 'sports' acts as an attributive noun (a noun modifying another noun) to describe the type of 'day'.
We are preparing for the upcoming school sports day.
EN: In many English-speaking countries, a 'sports day' (sometimes called 'field day') is an annual school event where students compete in various athletic activities. It is highly anticipated and emphasizes team spirit, fun, and active participation over intense competition.
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
ไทย: คำกริยา "see" (เห็น) เป็นคำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส เมื่อตามด้วยกรรมและคำกริยารูปฐาน หมายความว่าประธานได้เห็นการกระทำนั้นตั้งแต่ต้นจนจบอย่างครบถ้วน
I saw the train arrive at the station.
ฉันเห็นรถไฟมาถึงสถานี
EN: The phrasal verb 'warm up' means to prepare for physical exertion by doing gentle exercise beforehand. It can function as an intransitive verb where the subject performs the action themselves.
ไทย: กริยาวลี "warm up" หมายถึง "การอบอุ่นร่างกาย" คือการยืดเหยียดหรือออกกำลังกายเบาๆ ก่อนทำกิจกรรมที่ต้องใช้แรงมาก ในที่นี้ใช้เป็นคำกริยาอกรรม หมายถึงประธานอบอุ่นร่างกายด้วยตัวเอง
The players need to warm up before the game starts.
นักกีฬาต้องอบอุ่นร่างกายก่อนเริ่มการแข่งขัน
EN: Sensory Verbs (Verbs of Perception): The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb. When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject heard the entire action from start to finish. In this sentence, 'heard' (past tense of hear) is followed by the object 'the loud drums' and the bare infinitive 'beat'.
I heard the phone ring three times.
EN: Prepositional Phrase of Time: 'before each race' acts as an adverbial phrase of time, modifying the action of the drums beating. 'Before' is the preposition, and 'each race' is the noun phrase acting as its object, specifying when the event occurred.
We should warm up before each game.
EN: In Western school sports days (often called 'Field Day' in the US or 'Sports Day' in the UK), live music, drums, or marching bands are commonly used to build excitement and energy before races start, creating a festive and highly supportive community atmosphere.
EN: Verbs of perception (like 'watch', 'see', 'hear') can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We watched the plane land safely.
เราดูเครื่องบินลงจอดอย่างปลอดภัย
EN: The superlative adjective 'the fastest' is used to compare three or more things, showing which one has the highest degree of the quality. It is formed by adding '-est' to the short adjective 'fast' and is preceded by the definite article 'the'.
She is the tallest student in our class.
เธอเป็นนักเรียนที่สูงที่สุดในห้องเรา
EN: Sensory Verbs (see, hear, watch) followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') are used to describe an action that was witnessed from start to finish. In this sentence, 'saw' is followed by the object 'him' and the bare infinitives 'cross' and 'raise'.
I saw her open the present.
EN: Parallel Structure with Coordinating Conjunctions: When connecting two actions performed by the same subject or object using 'and', both verbs must share the same grammatical form. Here, 'cross' and 'raise' are both bare infinitives connected by 'and' under the influence of the sensory verb 'saw'.
EN: The verb 'feel' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object, it can take a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') to emphasize the entire completed action, or a present participle (-ing form) to emphasize an ongoing action. In this sentence, 'feel' is followed by the object 'my heart' and the bare infinitive 'beat'.
I felt the cold wind blow against my face.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses ('The crowd cheered' and 'I felt my heart beat fast') that are closely related in time or cause and effect.
The bell rang, and the students left the classroom.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment of observation.
ไทย: คำกริยา "watch" (ดู) เป็นคำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส เมื่อตามด้วยกรรมและ present participle (V-ing) เน้นว่าการกระทำกำลังดำเนินอยู่ในขณะที่ดู
I watched the children playing in the park.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'near the track' acts as an adverbial modifier of place, indicating the location where the action (dancing) is happening.
ไทย: วลีบุพบท "near the track" (ใกล้ลู่วิ่ง) ทำหน้าที่เป็นคำวิเศษณ์ขยายสถานที่ บอกตำแหน่งที่การกระทำ (การเต้น) เกิดขึ้น
She stood near the entrance.
เธอยืนอยู่ใกล้ทางเข้า
EN: In American and many international school sports days, cheerleaders play a major role in boosting team spirit and energy. Watching them perform near the running track is a classic scene of school athletic events.
EN: The verb 'hear' is a verb of perception (sensory verb). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject heard the entire action from start to finish.
I heard the phone ring three times.
EN: The conjunction 'and' connects two bare infinitives ('shout' and 'clap') that share the same subject ('teachers') and function together as the object complement.
EN: The relative clause 'I saw everyone smile and shine' modifies the noun 'a day'. In English, the relative pronoun 'when' or 'that' (or 'on which') can be omitted when modifying a noun of time, leaving a contact clause.
I will never forget the day we first met.
EN: The sensory verb 'see' (saw) is followed by an object ('everyone') and bare infinitives ('smile and shine') to indicate that the speaker witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
I saw him cross the street safely.
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
Did you see him score the goal?
EN: The word 'so' is used as an intensifier before adverbs (like 'high') to mean 'to such a great degree' or 'extremely'.
She ran so fast that she won the race.
EN: In narrative English, when reporting direct speech, it is common to invert the subject and verb (e.g., 'asks Sarah' instead of 'Sarah asks'), especially when the subject is a proper noun. This adds a classic storytelling rhythm to the text.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject witnessed the entire action from start to finish.
We watched the plane land safely.
เราดูเครื่องบินลงจอดอย่างปลอดภัย
EN: The phrase 'break the record' is a common collocation meaning to perform better than the previously established best result in a sport or competition.
The young athlete hopes to break the record tomorrow.
EN: In school sports days (especially in Commonwealth countries and East Asia), breaking a school record is highly celebrated and brings immense pride to the student and their house or team.
EN: Sensory Verbs (Verbs of Perception): The verb 'hear' (past tense 'heard') is a sensory verb. It can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to') to indicate that the speaker heard the entire action from start to finish.
I heard the bird sing in the morning.
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verbs: In English narrative, direct speech is often enclosed in quotation marks, followed by a comma and a reporting verb like 'says' or 'said' along with the subject (e.g., 'says Ryan').
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: Verbs of perception (like 'see', 'hear', 'watch', 'feel') can be followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing) to emphasize that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment it was perceived.
ไทย: คำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส (เช่น 'see', 'hear', 'watch', 'feel') สามารถตามด้วยกรรมและ present participle (V-ing) เพื่อเน้นว่าประสาทสัมผัสรับรู้ว่าการกระทำกำลังดำเนินอยู่
I heard Sarah singing in the room.
ฉันได้ยินซาร่าร้องเพลงอยู่ในห้อง
EN: In written English, direct speech is often followed by a reporting verb (like 'says' or 'said') and the speaker. When the subject is a proper noun (like 'Hana'), the word order can be 'says Hana' or 'Hana says'.
ไทย: ในภาษาอังกฤษแบบเขียน คำพูดโดยตรงมักตามด้วยคำกริยาบอกผู้พูด (เช่น 'says' หรือ 'said') และชื่อผู้พูด เมื่อประธานเป็นคำนามเฉพาะ (เช่น 'ฮานา') สามารถเรียงลำดับได้ทั้ง 'says Hana' หรือ 'Hana says'
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: The verb 'feel' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'), it indicates that the subject experienced the entire action from start to finish.
I felt the wind blow against my face.
EN: The phrase 'get excited' uses the linking verb 'get' followed by the past participle adjective 'excited' to describe a change in state or becoming excited.
The children get excited before the field trip.
EN: The verb 'watch' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment of observation.
I watched the children playing in the park.
EN: Direct speech is used to quote the exact words spoken. In English, when the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') comes after the quote, the subject and verb can remain in the standard order (Subject + Verb) or be inverted, especially with nouns (e.g., 'says Sarah').
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: In school sports days (especially in British and Commonwealth-influenced systems, as well as Asian schools), the 'teachers' relay' or 'parent-teacher relay' is a highly anticipated, fun event that closes the gap between students and staff, creating a lively and supportive community atmosphere.
EN: The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it describes witnessing an action that is ongoing or in progress at the moment of perception.
I saw the children playing in the park.
ฉันเห็นเด็กๆ กำลังเล่นอยู่ในสวนสาธารณะ
EN: Direct speech in English can be placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a reporting verb (like 'says') and the speaker. In this structure, a comma is used inside the quotation marks to separate the quote from the reporting clause.
"I love this song," says Leo.
EN: The verb 'hear' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (verb-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the time it was heard.
ไทย: คำกริยารับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส "hear" (ได้ยิน) เมื่อตามด้วยกรรมและ present participle (V-ing) ใช้เพื่อเน้นว่าการกระทำที่ได้ยินกำลังดำเนินอยู่หรือเกิดขึ้นต่อเนื่องในขณะนั้น
I heard the birds singing in the morning.
ฉันได้ยินนกร้องเพลงในยามเช้า
EN: The adverbial phrase 'all day long' is used to emphasize the entire duration of a day, meaning 'throughout the whole day'.
ไทย: วลีวิเศษณ์ "all day long" ใช้เพื่อเน้นระยะเวลาทั้งวันอย่างต่อเนื่อง หมายถึง "ตลอดทั้งวัน"
She worked in the garden all day long.
เธอทำงานในสวนตลอดทั้งวัน
EN: The verb 'watch' is a verb of perception (感官動詞). When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it emphasizes that the action was in progress or ongoing at the moment of observation.
I watched the children playing in the park.
EN: Direct speech (直接引語) is used to quote the exact words spoken by someone. In written English, the spoken words are enclosed in quotation marks, and the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') can be placed after the quote.
"I am ready," says Leo.
"ฉันพร้อมแล้ว" ลีโอพูด
EN: The use of 'what' as a nominal relative pronoun (also called a fused relative pronoun). In this structure, 'what' is equivalent to 'the thing(s) that' or 'that which', introducing a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'forget'.
She did not hear what I said.
EN: The simple future tense with 'will' combined with the frequency adverb 'never'. 'Never' is placed between the auxiliary verb 'will' and the main verb 'forget' to express a strong, permanent commitment or prediction about the future.
I will never forget this beautiful place.
คำศัพท์สำคัญพร้อมการออกเสียง IPA คำนิยาม ประโยคตัวอย่าง และแบบทดสอบแบบโต้ตอบ
ในบริบท: การเชียร์ การโห่ร้องแสดงความยินดี
ในบริบท: โค้ช ผู้ฝึกสอน
ในบริบท: ฝึกฝน ฝึกซ้อม
ในบริบท: นกหวีด เสียงนกหวีด
ในบริบท: น่าตื่นเต้น เร้าใจ
ในบริบท: พลัง ความกระฉับกระเฉง
ในบริบท: ยก ชูขึ้น
ในบริบท: ปรบมือ ตบมือ
ในบริบท: ทำได้ดีเด่น เปล่งประกาย
ในบริบท: สถิติ (สถิติสูงสุดในการแข่งขันกีฬา)
วลีพร้อมป้ายประเภท คำนิยามสองภาษา หมายเหตุการใช้ และประโยคตัวอย่าง
To prepare for physical exertion by doing gentle exercise beforehand.
การอบอุ่นร่างกาย การเตรียมพร้อม
A day on which an educational institution holds competitive sporting events.
วันกีฬาสี งานกีฬา
To do something faster, better, or more than has ever been done before.
ทำลายสถิติ
A race between teams in which each member runs or swims part of the total distance.
การแข่งขันวิ่งผลัด