EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the structure: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'. It shows that one action always leads to another.
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述普遍真理、習慣或科學事實。其結構為「When/If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」，表示某個動作總是會導致另一個結果。
When it rains, the grass gets wet.
下雨時，草地會變濕。
EN： A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a particle (preposition or adverb) that together create a new meaning. 'Turn off' is a separable phrasal verb meaning to stop a device from functioning.
中文： 片語動詞（Phrasal Verb）由一個動詞和一個介系詞或副詞組成，兩者結合產生新的意思。「Turn off」是一個可拆分的片語動詞，意思是關掉（電器或設備）。
Please turn off the lights before you leave.
請在離開前把燈關掉。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations. It consists of an 'if' clause (present simple tense) and a main clause (will + base verb).
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）用於描述在未來極有可能發生的真實情況。其結構為：if 引導的從屬子句使用「現在簡單式」，而主句則使用「will + 原形動詞」。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： The adverb 'daily' means 'every day' and is used to describe the frequency of an action. It can function as an adverb modifying the verb 'review'.
中文： 地方或時間副詞「daily」意思是「每天」，用來修飾動詞「review」（複習），表示該動作發生的頻率。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast with the main clause. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導表示讓步的從屬子句，以顯示與主句的對比。在英文中，當使用了「although」時，主句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copula) that is followed by an adjective (like 'ready') rather than an adverb, to describe the subject's state or feeling.
中文： 動詞「feel」（感覺）是一個連繫動詞（linking verb），後面要接形容詞（如「ready」）而非副詞，用來描述主詞的狀態或感受。
She felt happy after hearing the good news.
聽到好消息後，她感到很高興。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause or reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句（原因副詞子句），用來解釋主句動作發生的原因或理由。
I stayed at home because it was raining.
我待在家裡是因為下雨了。
EN： The phrase 'do well' is a common collocation where 'do' acts as an intransitive verb meaning to perform or progress, and 'well' is an adverb modifying the verb to indicate a high standard or successful outcome.
中文： 片語「do well」是一個常見的搭配詞，其中「do」作為不及物動詞，表示表現或進展，而「well」是副詞，用來修飾動詞，表示高標準或成功的結果（表現良好）。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the present simple tense in both the 'if/when' clause (condition) and the main clause (result).
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述普遍真理、習慣或科學事實。其結構在 'if/when' 引導的條件從句與主句中，皆使用現在簡單式（Present Simple）。
When you heat ice, it melts.
當你加熱冰塊時，它會融化。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. When the adverbial clause comes first, a comma is required to separate it from the main clause.
中文： 由 'when' 引導的時間副詞從句（Adverbial Clause of Time）用來表示主句動作發生的時間。當副詞從句放在句首時，必須使用逗號與主句隔開。
When the bell rings, the class starts.
當鐘聲響起時，課程就開始了。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or habits that always happen under a certain condition. The structure is 'If + present simple, present simple' (or a modal verb like 'can' to express ability).
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述普遍真理、科學事實或在某種條件下必然會發生的習慣。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」（或使用 modal verb 助動詞如 'can' 來表示能力）。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加熱冰，它就會融化。
EN： The adverb 'well' is used to modify the verb 'sleep' to describe the quality of the action. 'Better' is the comparative form of 'well', used here to modify the verb 'focus' and show an increased degree of concentration.
中文： 副詞「well」（好地）用於修飾動詞「sleep」（睡覺）以描述動作的品質。而「better」是「well」的比較級形式，在此處用於修飾動詞「focus」（專注），表示專注程度的提升。
If you practice daily, you can play better.
如果你每天練習，你就能彈得更好。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 從屬連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示兩個想法之間的對比。在英文中，當句首使用了「although」時，主要子句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed directly by an adjective (e.g., 'calm', 'focused') rather than an adverb.
中文： 動詞「stay」可以作為連繫動詞使用，意思是「保持某種狀態」。其後直接接形容詞（例如「calm」冷靜的、「focused」專注的），而非副詞。
Please stay quiet during the exam.
考試期間請保持安靜。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by conjunctions like 'when'. They indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. In this sentence, 'when I read a chapter' is the adverbial clause modifying the main action 'I make notes'. Note that for habitual actions or general truths, the present simple tense is used in both clauses.
中文： 時間副詞子句由「when」（當……時）等連接詞引導，用來表示主句動作發生的時間。在本句中，「when I read a chapter」是修飾主句動作「I make notes」的時間副詞子句。請注意，表示習慣性動作或普遍真理時，兩個子句皆使用現在簡單式。
I listen to music when I clean my room.
當我整理房間時，我會聽音樂。
EN： The collocation 'make notes' (or 'take notes') means to write down brief records of information to help you remember or study. It is a common verb-noun collocation used in academic and professional contexts.
中文： 動詞片語「make notes」（或 take notes）意思是「做筆記」，指寫下簡短的信息記錄以幫助記憶或學習。這是學術和工作情境中非常常見的動詞與名詞搭配詞。
Please make notes during the lecture.
請在聽課時做筆記。
EN： Active reading strategies, such as 'making notes' or highlighting, are highly emphasized in Western academic culture. Students are encouraged to interact with the text rather than just passively reading it, which is believed to foster critical thinking and better retention.
中文： 在西方學術文化中，非常強調「主動閱讀策略」（如做筆記或畫重點）。學校鼓勵學生與文本進行互動，而不僅僅是 passive（被動）閱讀，這被認為能培養批判性思考並提高記憶效果。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of cause) that explains the reason for something. In English, when the 'because' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma. Note that unlike Chinese, we do not use 'so' (所以) in the main clause when 'because' is already used.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句（原因狀語從句），用以解釋某事的原因。在英文中，當「because」引導的子句放在句首時，必須用逗號與主句隔開。請注意，與中文不同，英文句中既然使用了「because」，主句就不能再使用「so」（所以）。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因為下雨了，所以我們待在室內。
EN： The simple past tense is used here ('practiced', 'was') to describe completed actions or states in the past. 'Practiced' is the regular past tense form of the verb 'practice', and 'was' is the past tense of the linking verb 'be' for singular subjects.
中文： 此處使用簡單過去式（「practiced」、「was」）來描述過去已經完成的動作或狀態。「practiced」是動詞「practice」（練習）的規則過去式變化，而「was」則是連繫動詞「be」在單數主詞下的過去式形式。
Because she studied hard, the exam was easy.
因為她努力讀書，所以考試很簡單。
EN： In Western academic culture, a 'quiz' is usually a short, informal test often used by teachers to check daily or weekly progress, distinct from a major 'exam' or 'test'. The sentence reflects a growth mindset where effort (practicing) directly leads to success.
中文： 在西方學術文化中，「quiz」通常指簡短、非正式的隨堂小測驗，教師常用來檢視每日或每週的學習進度，與大型的「exam」（考試）或「test」不同。這句話也反映了一種成長型思維，即付出努力（練習）會直接帶來好成果。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about things that are generally or always true. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Simple Present'. In this sentence, 'If we study together' (present simple) leads to a general truth 'it is more fun' (present simple).
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述通常或總是屬實的事情。其結構為：「If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。在此句子中，「If we study together」（現在簡單式）導出一個普遍事實「it is more fun」（現在簡單式）。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加熱冰，它就會融化。
EN： The comparative adjective 'more' is used before two-syllable or longer adjectives (like 'fun' in modern informal usage, or 'interesting') to compare two situations or things.
中文： 比較級形容詞「more」用於雙音節或更長的形容詞前（例如現代口語中的「fun」或「interesting」），用來比較兩種情況或事物。
This book is more interesting than the last one.
這本書比上一本更有趣。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, establishing a condition or a specific time frame under which the main clause occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用於引導時間副詞子句，用以確立主句動作發生的條件或特定時間點。
When you practice daily, your English improves.
當你每天練習時，你的英文就會進步。
EN： Gerunds (verb + -ing) can function as nouns. In this sentence, 'learning' acts as the subject of the main clause, representing the activity or process of acquiring knowledge.
中文： 動名詞（動詞 + -ing）可以作為名詞使用。在本句中，「learning」（學習）作為主句的主詞，代表獲取知識的活動或過程。
Reading is a great way to expand your vocabulary.
閱讀是擴展字彙量的好方法。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示對比。在英文語法中，當句首使用了「although」，後面的主句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pay off' means to yield good results or succeed after effort has been made.
中文： 片語動詞「pay off」意思是「得到好結果」或「成功、有回報」，通常用於描述付出的努力、計劃或時間最終帶來了回報。
Her dedication to practice finally paid off when she won the competition.
她對練習的專注付出終於在贏得比賽時得到了回報。
EN： The phrase 'hard work pays off' is a very common English idiom and a core cultural belief in many English-speaking societies, emphasizing meritocracy and the value of perseverance.
中文： 「hard work pays off」是一個非常常見的英文成語，也是許多英語系國家核心文化價值觀之一，強調「一分耕耘，一分收穫」的唯才是用與堅持不懈的精神。
EN： The infinitive 'to share' acts as the direct object of the verb 'want'. In English, certain verbs like 'want', 'hope', and 'decide' must be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) when expressing a future action or desire.
中文： 不定詞「to share」在此作為動詞「want」的直接受詞。在英文中，某些動詞如「want」（想要）、「hope」（希望）和「decide」（決定）後面必須接不定詞（to + 動詞原形），用來表示未來的動作或願望。
I want to learn a new language this year.
我今年想要學習一門新的語言。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that really help me') which modifies the noun phrase 'some study tips'. 'That' acts as the subject relative pronoun within the clause.
中文： 單字「that」引導一個限定修飾關係子句（that really help me），用來修飾名詞片語「some study tips」（一些學習技巧）。在此子句中，「that」充當主格關係代名詞。
She told me a story that inspired everyone.
她告訴我一個啟發了所有人的故事。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to show that two actions happen at the same time or one follows immediately after another. In the present tense, it often describes a general habit or routine.
中文： 由 'when'（當……時）引導的時間副詞子句，用於表示兩個動作同時發生，或一個動作緊接著另一個動作發生。在現在簡單式中，這通常用來描述一般的習慣或例行公事。
When I arrive at the office, I make a cup of coffee.
當我到達辦公室時，我會泡一杯咖啡。
EN： The phrasal verb 'sit down' means to move from a standing position to a sitting position. It is often followed by an infinitive of purpose (e.g., 'to study') to explain the reason for sitting down.
中文： 片語動詞 'sit down' 意為「坐下」。後面常接不定詞（如 'to study'）來表示坐下的目的（表目的的不定詞）。
EN： Zero Conditional: Used to talk about things that are always true, habits, or general facts. The structure is 'If + present simple, present simple'.
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）：用於描述總是屬實的事情、習慣或普遍真理。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
如果你把水加熱到攝氏100度，它就會沸騰。
EN： Adverbs of Frequency: Words like 'never' are placed before the main verb (feel) but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb to show how often an action happens.
中文： 頻率副詞：像「never」（從不）這樣的詞，通常放在一般動詞（如 feel）之前，但放在助動詞或 be 動詞之後，用來表示動作發生的頻率。
She always drinks coffee in the morning.
她早上總是喝咖啡。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示兩個想法之間的對比。在英文中，當句子開頭使用了「although」，後面的主句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然正在下雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The negative simple present tense 'do not' (often contracted to 'don't') is used with the base form of the verb ('give up') to express a habitual action, general truth, or current state.
中文： 否定簡單現在式「do not」（常縮寫為 don't）與動詞原型（在此為 give up）連用，用來表示習慣性動作、普遍事實或目前的狀態。
I do not eat meat because I am a vegetarian.
我不吃肉，因為我是素食主義者。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the situation or condition under which the main action occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用於引導時間副詞子句，用來表示主要子句動作發生的時間背景或條件。
I listen to music when I clean my room.
當我打掃房間時，我會聽音樂。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' connects two adjectives ('tired' and 'bored') that function as subject complements, presenting alternative states.
中文： 對等連接詞「or」（或者）連接兩個作主詞補語的形容詞（tired 與 bored），用來表示兩種可能的狀態選擇。
You can choose a blue or green pen.
你可以選擇藍色或綠色的筆。
EN： In modern study and work culture, taking 'short breaks' is often associated with productivity techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, reflecting a healthy balance between focus and rest.
中文： 在現代學習與工作文化中，「短暫休息」常與番茄工作法等高效率時間管理技術相提並論，反映出在專注與休息之間取得健康平衡的觀念。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause that states the reason for something. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'because' and 'so' in the same sentence. If a sentence starts with 'Because...', the main clause follows after a comma without 'so'.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用來引導表示原因的從屬子句。在英文中，與中文不同的是，「because」和「so」（所以）不能同時出現在同一個句子裡。如果句子以「Because...」開頭，主句會在逗號之後直接出現，不需加上「so」。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因為下雨，我們待在室內。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'every day' (written as two words) functions as a modifier of time, indicating frequency. It usually placed at the end of a clause or sentence to show how often an action occurs.
中文： 副詞片語「every day」（寫成兩個單字）作為時間修飾語，表示頻率。它通常放在子句或句子的末尾，用來表示某個動作發生的頻率。
EN： In English-speaking academic cultures, consistent daily review and active recall are highly emphasized over 'cramming' (studying intensively right before an exam). This sentence reflects a healthy and widely encouraged study habit.
中文： 在英語系的學術文化中，非常強調「每日持續複習」與「主動回想」，而非考前「臨時抱佛腳」（cramming）。這句話反映了一種健康且受到廣泛推崇的學習習慣。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the structure: 'If + Present Simple, Present Simple'. In this sentence, it describes a habitual action: whenever the speaker doesn't understand, they ask the teacher.
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述普遍真理、習慣或事實。其結構為「If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。在本句中，它描述了一個習慣性動作：每當說話者不懂時，就會向老師求助。
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
如果下雨，草地就會變濕。
EN： The phrase 'ask someone for help' is a common collocation meaning to request assistance from someone. 'For' is the preposition used to introduce the object of the request (help).
中文： 片語「ask someone for help」是一個常見的搭配詞，意思是向某人尋求協助。介係詞「for」用來引導請求的對象（幫助）。
You can always ask me for help if you are confused.
如果你感到困惑，隨時可以向我尋求幫助。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. Unlike in Chinese, 'although' should not be paired with 'but' in the same sentence in English.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步從句，表示對比。與中文語法不同，在英文中「although」不能與「but」（但是）同時出現在同一個句子中。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'keep' can be used in the pattern 'keep + object + adjective' to mean causing someone or something to remain in a particular state.
中文： 動詞「keep」可用於「keep + 受詞 + 形容詞」的句型，表示使某人或某物保持在特定的狀態。
Please keep the door open.
請保持門開著。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. In this sentence, 'When we study smart' sets the condition or time frame for the main result.
中文： 由 'when'（當……時）引導的時間副詞子句，用於表示主句的動作與從屬子句的動作同時發生或緊隨其後。在本句中，「When we study smart」為後續的主句結果設定了時間背景或條件。
When you practice daily, your English improves quickly.
當你每天練習時，你的英文進步得很快。
EN： The comparative modifier 'much' is used before comparative adjectives (like 'easier') to add emphasis, meaning 'by a great deal' or 'significantly'.
中文： 比較級修飾語「much」置於比較級形容詞（如「easier」）之前以示強調，表示「得多」或「顯著地」。
This new method is much better than the old one.
這個新方法比舊的好得多。
EN： The phrase 'study smart' (often contrasted with 'study hard') reflects a modern educational shift in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing efficiency, active learning techniques, and cognitive strategy over sheer hours of memorization.
中文： 「study smart」（聰明地學習，常與「study hard」努力地學習做對比）反映了英語系國家現代教育觀念的轉變，強調效率、主動學習技巧和認知策略，而非單純依靠長時間的死記硬背。
EN： The use of 'when' as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a time clause. It describes the condition or time under which the action in the main clause ('What do you do') takes place.
中文： 使用 'when'（當……時）作為從屬連接詞來引導時間副詞子句。它用來描述主要子句（'What do you do'，你會做什麼）發生的時間或情境。
What do you do when you feel bored?
當你感到無聊時，你會做些什麼？
EN： The linking verb 'feel' followed by an adjective ('stressed') to describe a state of mind or physical condition. This is a common pattern for expressing emotions or physical states.
中文： 連繫動詞 'feel'（感到）後面接形容詞（'stressed'，感到有壓力的）來描述心理或生理狀態。這是表達情緒或身體狀況的常用句型。
I feel tired after a long walk.
長途步行後我感到疲倦。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, checking in on a friend's well-being and asking how they cope with stress is a common way to show empathy and build supportive relationships. Using the person's name ('Emma') at the end of the question adds a personal and caring touch to the conversation.
中文： 在英語系國家中，關心朋友的身心狀況並詢問他們如何應對壓力，是展現同理心和建立支持性關係的常見方式。在問句末尾加上對方的名字（「艾瑪」），能為對話增添一份親切與關懷的溫度。
EN： The 'When' clause is a subordinate adverbial clause of time. It is used to describe a general truth, habit, or a specific situation that triggers another action. When the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： 「When」引導的子句是時間副詞子句，用來描述普遍真理、習慣或觸發另一個動作的特定情境。當「when」子句放在句首時，必須用逗號與主要子句隔開。
When I drink coffee, I feel energized.
當我喝咖啡時，我會感到精力充沛。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copula) that is followed by an adjective (stressed) to describe the subject's state or emotion. 'Stressed' is a past participle used as an adjective meaning experiencing mental or emotional strain.
中文： 動詞「feel」（感覺）是一個連繫動詞（連綴動詞），後面接形容詞（stressed）來描述主詞的狀態或情緒。「Stressed」是過去分詞作形容詞用，意思是感到有壓力的。
She feels happy when she listens to music.
當她聽音樂時，她感到很快樂。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, taking 'deep breaths' is a very common, universally recommended self-care technique for managing stress and anxiety, often taught in schools and workplaces.
中文： 在英語系國家中，「深呼吸」（taking deep breaths）是一種非常普遍且備受推薦的自我調適與紓壓方法，學校和職場中也經常推廣這種減壓技巧。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述在現在或未來極可能發生的真實情況。結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： Adverbs of Time: Words like 'tonight' and 'tomorrow' are used to specify when an action takes place, usually placed at the end of the clause.
中文： 時間副詞：像 'tonight'（今晚）和 'tomorrow'（明天）這樣的詞，用來明確指出動作發生的時間，通常放在子句的末尾。
I will call you tonight.
我今晚會打電話給你。
EN： In English-speaking academic culture, 'reviewing' (or 'revising' in British English) before an exam is highly emphasized. The sentence reflects a common mindset of linking consistent effort directly to successful outcomes.
中文： 在英語系的學術文化中，考試前的「reviewing」（在英式英語中常用 'revising'，意為複習）非常受到重視。這句話反映了一種常見的思維模式，即將持續的努力與成功的結果直接聯繫在一起。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concessive clause, which presents a contrast to the main clause. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步子句，表示與主句相反或對比的情況。在英文文法中，當句首使用了「although」，主句中就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The phrase 'make time' means to deliberately arrange one's schedule to find time for a specific activity, even when busy.
中文： 片語「make time」字面意思是「創造時間」，意指「抽空」或「擠出時間」來做某件特定的事情，特別是在行程繁忙的時候。
I always try to make time for exercise.
我總是努力抽空運動。
EN： In English-speaking academic and professional cultures, 'making time' for self-improvement or study is highly valued and seen as a sign of strong self-discipline and time management skills.
中文： 在英語系的學術與職場文化中，「make time」（抽空、擠出時間）來進行自我提升或學習是被高度推崇的，這被視為強烈自律與時間管理能力的展現。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that states the reason for the action or state in the main clause. In this sentence, 'because my room is quiet' explains the reason why the speaker focuses better.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句，以說明主句動作或狀態的原因。在本句中，「because my room is quiet」解釋了說話者為什麼能更專心的原因。
I stayed at home because it was raining.
我待在家裡，因為下雨了。
EN： The word 'better' is the comparative form of the adverb 'well'. It modifies the verb 'focus' to show a higher degree of concentration.
中文： 單字「better」是副詞「well」的比較級。它修飾動詞「focus」，用以表示更高程度的專注力。
She sings better after taking music lessons.
上過音樂課後，她唱得更好了。
EN： In Western study culture, creating a personalized, quiet study environment (often called a 'study space' or 'study nook') is highly emphasized as a key to academic productivity and mental focus.
中文： 在西方的學習文化中，創造一個個性化且安靜的學習空間（通常被稱為「study space」或「study nook」）被高度重視，這被視為提高學習效率和專注力的關鍵。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. In this sentence, 'When you need help' sets the condition or time for the main action.
中文： 由 'when'（當……時）引導的時間副詞子句，用於表示主句的動作與從屬子句的動作同時發生或緊隨其後。在本句中，「When you need help」為主要動作設定了時間或前提條件。
When you arrive at the station, give me a call.
當你到達車站時，給我打個電話。
EN： Imperative sentences are used to give orders, advice, or instructions. They start with the base form of the verb (here, 'ask') and the subject 'you' is omitted. The word 'just' is often added before the verb to make the request or advice sound more casual, encouraging, or simple to do.
中文： 祈使句用於給予命令、建議或指示。它們以動詞原形（此處為 'ask'）開頭，並省略主詞 'you'。在動詞前加上 'just'（儘管/只需）常使請求或建議聽起來更隨和、具鼓勵性或顯得事情很簡單。
Just press this button to start the machine.
只需按下這個按鈕即可啟動機器。
EN： First Conditional (If + Present Simple, ... Will + Verb): Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future that are realistic or likely to happen.
中文： 第一類條件句（If + 現在簡單式，... Will + 動詞原型）：用於描述在現在或未來極有可能發生或實現的真實情況與結果。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： Collocation 'reach one's goals': A common verb-noun pairing meaning to achieve or attain the objectives one has set.
中文： 常見搭配詞「reach one's goals」：意為「實現某人的目標」，其中 reach 作為動詞表示達到，goals 為複數名詞表示多個目標。
With dedication, they will reach their goals.
憑藉著奉獻精神，他們將會實現他們的目標。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used in the subordinate clause.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步從句，表示兩個想法之間的對比。在英文中，當從句使用了「although」時，主句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The pronoun 'it' is used as a subject to refer back to a singular non-human noun previously mentioned (in this case, 'the book') to avoid repetition.
中文： 代名詞「it」（它）用作主詞，用來指代前面提到過的單數非人稱名詞（在此句中指「the book」），以避免重複。
I bought a new pen, and it writes very smoothly.
我買了一支新筆，它寫起來非常流暢。
EN： Linking Verb 'feel' + Adjective: The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copular verb) used to describe the subject's state or emotion. It is followed directly by an adjective (e.g., 'proud') rather than an adverb.
中文： 連繫動詞「feel」+ 形容詞：動詞「feel」（感覺）是一個連繫動詞，用來描述主詞的狀態或情緒。其後直接接形容詞（例如「proud」），而非副詞。
I feel happy when I help others.
當我幫助他人時，我感到快樂。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time with 'when': The conjunction 'when' introduces a dependent clause that indicates the time at which the action in the main clause occurs. In this sentence, 'when I finish my homework' tells us when the speaker feels proud.
中文： 由「when」引導的時間副詞子句：連接詞「when」（當……時）用來引導一個從屬子句，表示主要子句動作發生的時間。在此句子中，「when I finish my homework」說明了說話者何時感到自豪。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
當鐘聲響起時，學生們離開了教室。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason for something. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'so' in the main clause when 'because' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導表示原因的子句。在英文文法中，當句首使用了「because」時，主要子句的前面「不能」再使用「so」（所以），這與中文「因為……所以……」的雙重連接詞習慣不同。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因為下雨，我們待在室內。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people do the same thing to one another. It functions as the object of the verb 'help'.
中文： 相互代名詞「each other」（彼此、互相）用於表示兩個或以上的人對彼此做相同的事情。在此句中，它作為動詞「help」的受詞。
They always support each other during difficult times.
他們在困難時期總是互相支持。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 複習（功課、所學內容）
在本文中： 集中注意力、專注
在本文中： 緊張的、擔憂的
在本文中： 冷靜的、鎮靜的
在本文中： 壓力大的、令人緊張的
在本文中： 習慣
在本文中： 感到無聊的、厭煩的
在本文中： 進步、改善
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To yield good results; to succeed.
得到回報、取得成功
To stop trying to do something.
放棄
To stop an activity for a short time in order to rest.
休息一下
To inhale and exhale deeply, often to calm oneself down.
深呼吸