Modern Humans May Have Shared Culture With Neanderthals for 20,000 Years與尼安德塔人共存：共享文化的歷史新發現
聆聽課程
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#1
A groundbreaking study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has revealed that Homo sapiens and Neanderthals may have sustained a shared culture for over twenty thousand years.
一項發表於《美國國家科學院院刊》的突破性研究揭示，智人與尼安德塔人可能共同維持了超過兩萬年的共享文化。
#2
The research challenges longstanding assumptions in anthropology about the degree to which these two closely related species interacted during their period of coexistence.
這項研究挑戰了人類學中關於這兩個親緣關係密切的物種在共存期間互動程度的長期假設。
#3
The findings emerged from an extensive five-year excavation of Üçağızlı II Cave in southern Türkiye.
這些發現源於對土耳其南部烏恰吉茲利二號洞穴所進行的為期五年之廣泛挖掘。
#4
Within its layers, an international team of researchers unearthed human fossils, stone tools, animal remains, and decorative objects belonging to both species.
在它的地層中，一個國際研究團隊挖掘出了屬於這兩個物種的人類化石、石器、動物遺骸和裝飾性器物。
#5
Had the two groups merely coexisted in the same environment, such overlapping material culture would be unlikely to appear so consistently throughout the archaeological record.
若這兩個群體僅僅是在同一個環境中共存，那麼這種重疊的物質文化將不太可能如此一致地出現在整個考古記錄中。
#6
Co-author Naoki Morimoto, a paleoanthropologist at Kyoto University, emphasized that the evidence points to profound cultural exchange rather than mere environmental adaptation.
共同作者、京都大學的古人類學家森本直記強調，證據指向深遠的文化交流，而非單純的環境適應。
#7
He argued that the two groups were likely sharing symbolic preferences, which suggests a level of cognitive and social interaction previously underestimated by researchers in the field of evolution.
他（森本直記）主張，這兩個群體很可能分享了象徵性的偏好，這表明了過去被演化領域的研究人員所低估的認知與社會互動水平。
#8
The discovery of non-practical, presumably ornamental items at the site further substantiates this interpretation.
在該遺址發現的非實用性、推測為裝飾性的物品，進一步證實了這一解釋。
#9
Most people alive today carry a small percentage of Neanderthal DNA, a biological legacy of interbreeding that occurred tens of thousands of years ago.
現今大多數活著的人都攜帶少許比例的尼安德塔人 DNA，這是數萬年前發生的雜交所留下的生物遺產。
#10
However, the cultural dimension of this relationship had remained largely speculative until now.
然而，這種關係的文化層面在此之前很大程度上仍處於推測階段。
#11
Between seventy thousand and fifty thousand years ago, Homo sapiens expanded beyond Africa in successive wave-like migrations, eventually encountering Neanderthals across the Middle East and Europe.
在大約七萬至五萬年前，智人擴張到了非洲以外的地區，進行了接連如波浪般的遷徙，最終在中東和歐洲各地與尼安德塔人相遇。
#12
It is within this broader context that the cave evidence assumes particular significance for understanding human evolution.
正是在這更廣泛的背景之下，該洞穴的證據對於理解人類演化才顯得尤為重要。