EN： Present Continuous Tense: Formed with 'be' + verb-ing, it describes an action happening right now or a current trend.
中文： 现在进行时：由“be 动词 + 现在分词 (V-ing)”构成，用于描述目前正在发生或持续中的趋势。
The cost of living is rising quickly this year.
今年的生活成本正在迅速上升。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'have/has' + past participle, it connects the past to the present, often indicating a completed action with current relevance.
中文： 现在完成时：由“have/has + 过去分词 (P.P.)”构成，将过去与现在联系起来，通常表示一个已经完成但结果对现在仍有影响的动作。
Technology has changed the way we communicate.
科技已经改变了我们沟通的方式。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue characterized by high property prices and low rental availability, which has led to increased intergenerational tension as younger people find it harder to achieve financial independence.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題，其特徵是房價高昂且租屋供應不足。這導致了跨世代間的緊張關係，因為年輕一代發現越來越難實現經濟獨立。
EN： Present Perfect Passive (have/has + been + past participle): This structure is used to describe an action that has been completed at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the result or the object receiving the action rather than who did it.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（have/has + been + 过去分词）：此结构用于描述在过去的某个不特定时间完成的动作，重点在于动作的结果或承受者，而非执行者本身。
Many new laws have been created to protect the environment.
许多新法律已经被制定出来以保护环境。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose (to + verb): The phrase 'to explore' acts as an adverbial phrase explaining 'why' the films, books, and plays were created.
中文： 不定式表示目的（to + 动词）：短语“to explore”作为副词短语，用来解释为什么这些电影、书籍和戏剧会被创作出来。
She saved money to buy a new house in Australia.
她存钱是为了在澳大利亚买一栋新房子。
EN： The sentence reflects a real-world trend in Australia where the 'Great Australian Dream' of home ownership is becoming unattainable for many, leading to a surge in creative works that critique the economic divide between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z'.
中文： 這句話反映了澳洲的現實趨勢：擁有住房的「澳洲大夢」對許多人來說正變得遙不可及。這導致大量創作作品出現，用以批判「嬰兒潮世代」（受益於低房價者）與「千禧世代」或「Z 世代」之間的經濟鴻溝。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: Using ', which' provides extra information about a noun (in this case, 'a film called Birthright'). It is separated by a comma and does not limit the identity of the noun, but rather adds descriptive detail.
中文： 非限制性定语从句：使用“, which”来提供关于先行词（在此为“一部名为《继承权》的电影”）的额外补充信息。这种用法通常用逗号隔开，并非用来限定名词的范围，而是增加描述性细节。
He bought a new car, which cost him a fortune.
他买了一辆新车，那花了他一大笔钱。
EN： Present Participle as Adjective Phrase: The word 'struggling' is a present participle (-ing form) used to describe the 'young couple'. It functions like a shortened relative clause ('who are struggling').
中文： 现在分词作形容词短语：单词“struggling”是现在分词（-ing 形式），用来修饰前面的“young couple”（年轻夫妇）。它的功能类似于省略了关系代词从句（即 who are struggling）。
The woman sitting over there is my teacher.
坐在那边的那位女士是我的老师。
EN： The term 'Birthright' often refers to a natural right or privilege someone has by birth. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, the title is ironic, suggesting that younger generations feel they have lost the 'birthright' of affordable housing that their parents (Baby Boomers) enjoyed.
中文： 「Birthright」（繼承權/生而擁有的權利）通常指一個人因出生而自然擁有的權利或特權。在澳洲住房危機的背景下，這個片名帶有諷刺意味，暗示年輕一代覺得自己失去了父母輩（戰後嬰兒潮世代）所享有的「負擔得起住房」的這種基本權利。
EN： The Present Continuous tense (be + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing state or a future event that is already in progress. In the context of pregnancy, 'expecting' is a common way to say someone is pregnant.
中文： 现在进行时（be 动词 + 动词-ing）在此用于描述一个持续的状态或正在进行的计划。在怀孕的语境中，“expecting”是表达某人怀孕的常用委婉说法。
They are expecting their first child in June.
他们正期待着六月第一个孩子的出生。
EN： The past participle 'named' is used as a reduced relative clause (short for 'who are named') to modify the noun 'couple', providing their specific names.
中文： 过去分词“named”在此作为简化关系从句（原为“who are named”），用来修饰名词“couple”（夫妇），提供他们的具体姓名。
I have a cat named Luna.
我有一只名叫露娜的猫。
EN： The term 'millennial' refers to the generation born between 1981 and 1996. In Australia, this generation is often highlighted in discussions about the housing crisis, as they face significantly higher property prices compared to their parents' generation (the 'baby boomers').
中文： 「millennial」（千禧世代）指的是 1981 年至 1996 年間出生的人。在澳洲，這個世代常在住房危機的討論中被提及，因為與他們父母那一代（戰後嬰兒潮世代）相比，他們面臨著極高的房價壓力。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a past action that has a direct result or relevance to the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述一个过去发生的动作，且该动作对现在的情况有直接的结果或关联性。
She has lost her keys, so she cannot enter the house.
她弄丢了钥匙，所以她现在进不了家。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that provides the reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 连接词“because”用于引导从句，提供主句动作发生的原因。
I stayed home because it was raining.
因为下雨，所以我待在家里。
EN： In the context of the Australian housing crisis, 'short-term contracts' highlight the precarious nature of employment for many young people, which makes it nearly impossible to secure long-term rentals or mortgages.
中文： 在澳洲住房危機的背景下，「短期合約」凸顯了許多青年就業的不穩定性，這使得他們幾乎不可能獲得長期租約或房屋貸款。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on leave' is used to describe someone who is away from their work or duty with permission. Adding 'unpaid' specifies that the person is not receiving a salary during this period.
中文： 介词短语“on leave”用于描述某人经许可离开工作或岗位。加上“unpaid”（无薪的）则明确表示该期间不领取薪水。
He has been on leave for two weeks to care for his sick mother.
他为了照顾生病的母亲已经请假两周了。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used here to indicate the source or the specific role/organization the person is taking leave from.
中文： 介词“from”在此处用于表示来源，即该员工是从哪个特定职位或机构请假的。
She resigned from her position as a manager.
她辞去了经理的职位。
EN： In many Western countries, including Australia, 'unpaid leave' is a common arrangement for employees who need extended time off for personal reasons but want to keep their job security, though it highlights the financial vulnerability during a housing crisis.
中文： 在包括澳洲在內的許多西方國家，「無薪假」是員工因個人原因需要長期休假但希望保留職位的常見安排。然而，在住房危機期間，這也凸顯了財務上的脆弱性。
EN： The passive voice 'be forced to' indicates that the subject has no choice but to perform an action due to external circumstances. It is formed by 'be' + past participle 'forced' + to-infinitive.
中文： 被动语态“be forced to”（被迫……）表示主语因外部环境而别无选择，只能执行某个动作。其结构为“be 动词”+ 过去分词“forced”+ 不定式“to”。
The passengers were forced to wait for three hours due to the delay.
由于延误，乘客们被迫等待了三个小时。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time starting with 'When' describe when the main action happens. In this sentence, it sets the condition/timing for the forced move.
中文： 由“When”引导的时间状语从句用来描述主要动作发生的时间。在本句中，它设定了被迫搬家的条件或时机。
When the movie ends, we will go to dinner.
当电影结束时，我们就去吃了晚餐。
EN： 'Baby boomer' refers to the generation born between 1946 and 1964. In the context of the Australian housing crisis, there is often a noted economic divide between this generation (who often own property) and millennials (who struggle to enter the market).
中文： 「Baby boomer」（戰後嬰兒潮世代）是指 1946 年至 1964 年間出生的人。在澳洲住房危機的背景下，這個世代（通常擁有房產）與千禧世代（難以進入房地產市場）之間常被提及存在經濟鴻溝。
EN： The relative clause 'that follows' acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'tension'. The relative pronoun 'that' serves as the subject of the verb 'follows'.
中文： 关系从句“that follows”充当形容词来修饰名词“tension”（紧张关系）。关系代词“that”在从句中担任动词“follows”的主语。
The decision that follows will change everything.
随后的决定将改变一切。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to join two words or phrases of the same grammatical type, emphasizing that two qualities apply to the subject simultaneously.
中文： 关联连词“both... and...”（既...又...）用于连接两个语法类型相同的单词或短语，强调主体同时具备这两种特质。
The movie was both long and boring.
这部电影又长又无聊。
EN： The term 'darkly funny' refers to 'black humor' or 'dark comedy,' a style that treats serious, painful, or tragic topics (like the housing crisis in Australia) with a sense of irony or amusement. This is a common artistic response to difficult social realities.
中文： 「darkly funny」一詞指的是「黑色幽默」，這是一種以諷刺或幽默的方式處理嚴肅、痛苦或悲劇性話題（如澳洲的住房危機）的風格。這是藝術家對艱難社會現實的一種常見回應方式。
EN： Reported Speech with an omitted 'that': In English, the conjunction 'that' is often omitted after reporting verbs like 'said' when introducing a noun clause that functions as the object.
中文： 省略 'that' 的间接引语：在英语中，像 'said' 这样的转述动词后面引导名词从句作宾语时，连接词 'that' 经常会被省略。
He said he would arrive at six o'clock.
他说他会在六点钟到达。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as a Modifier: The phrase 'for the film' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'idea', specifying which idea is being discussed.
中文： 介词短语作修饰语：'for the film' 这个短语充当形容词，用来修饰名词 'idea'，明确指出讨论的是哪一个构思。
The key to the door is on the table.
那扇门的钥匙在桌子上。
EN： The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the Australian arts scene and housing market. Many creative projects during this time reflected the social shifts, such as the 'return to the nest' phenomenon where young adults moved back with parents due to economic instability.
中文： COVID-19 疫情對澳洲的藝術界和住房市場產生了重大影響。這段時期的許多創意作品都反映了社會變遷，例如「回巢」現象，即年輕成年人因經濟不穩定而搬回與父母同住。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'noticed'. It explains exactly what she observed.
中文： 名词从句作宾语：单词 'that' 引导一个名词从句，在句中担任动词 'noticed' 的直接宾语，用来具体说明她观察到的内容。
He realized that the store was closed.
他意识到那家店已经关门了。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: 'Were moving' is used here to describe a trend or a developing situation that was happening around a specific time in the past.
中文： 过去进行时：'Were moving' 在此用于描述在过去的某个特定时间点前后正在发生的一种趋势或持续发展的情况。
Many people were looking for jobs during the crisis.
在危机期间，许多人都在找工作。
EN： The phenomenon of adult children moving back to their parents' home is often referred to as the 'Boomerang Generation'. In Australia, this is increasingly driven by high property prices and rental costs in major cities like Sydney and Melbourne.
中文： 成年子女搬回父母家的現象通常被稱為「啃老族」或「回巢族」(Boomerang Generation)。在澳洲，這種現象日益普遍，主要是由於雪梨和墨爾本等大城市的房價和租金高昂所致。
EN： The comparative + and + comparative structure (e.g., 'longer and longer') is used to describe something that is changing continuously or increasing in intensity over time.
中文： “比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构（例如：longer and longer）用于描述某事随着时间持续变化或强度不断增加，中文常译为“越来越……”。
The weather is getting colder and colder as winter approaches.
随着冬天临近，天气变得越来越冷。
EN： The auxiliary verb 'would' is used here to describe a repeated action or a typical behavior in the past, similar to 'used to' but focusing more on the habit itself.
中文： 助动词“would”在此处用于描述过去重复发生的动作或典型的行为习惯，类似于“used to”，但更侧重于描述当时的一种常态或倾向。
Every summer, we would go to the beach for the whole day.
每个夏天，我们都会去海边待上一整天。
EN： In Australia, the term 'boomerang kids' is often used to describe young adults who return to live with their parents due to financial pressures like high rent or unemployment, a central theme in the film Birthright.
中文： 在澳洲，「回巢族」(boomerang kids) 一詞常用於形容因高房租或失業等經濟壓力而搬回父母家居住的年輕人，這也是電影《繼承權》的核心主題。
EN： The phrase 'become interested in' describes a transition into a state of curiosity or concern. 'Become' is a linking verb used to show a change in state, followed by an adjective phrase.
中文： 短语“become interested in”描述进入一种好奇或关注的状态。“Become”是一个连系动词，用于表示状态的改变，后接形容词短语。
He became interested in photography after visiting the gallery.
参观完画廊后，他开始对摄影产生了兴趣。
EN： The sentence uses a relative clause 'that develop...' to modify 'power dynamics', followed by an adverbial clause of time 'when adult children return...' which specifies the circumstances of the development.
中文： 本句使用关系从句“that develop...”来修饰“power dynamics”（权力动态），随后接一个时间状语从句“when adult children return...”，用以说明这种动态产生的具体情境。
I enjoy the peaceful atmosphere that exists when everyone is asleep.
我喜欢当每个人都睡着时的那种宁静气氛。
EN： The term 'power dynamics' in a family context refers to how authority and influence shift when adult children, who are usually independent, move back into their parents' home where the parents are the primary homeowners. This is a growing social phenomenon in Australia and other Western countries due to economic pressures.
中文： 家庭背景下的「權力動態」（power dynamics）是指當通常獨立的成年子女搬回父母家（父母為主要屋主）時，權威和影響力如何發生轉變。由於經濟壓力，這在澳洲和其他西方國家已成為一種日益普遍的社會現象。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and has a connection to the present, often showing a result or a trend over a period of time.
中文： 现在完成时 (have + 过去分词) 在此处用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，通常显示一段时间内的结果或趋势。
The population of the city has grown significantly since 2010.
自 2010 年以来，该城市的人口显著增长。
EN： The verb 'point out' is a phrasal verb meaning to direct someone's attention to a fact or information. It is often followed by a 'that' clause to introduce the specific information being shared.
中文： 动词短语 'point out' 意为“指出”，指引某人注意某个事实或信息。它通常后接 'that' 引导的从句，用来介绍所分享的具体内容。
The teacher pointed out that the deadline for the project is tomorrow.
老师指出，该项目的截止日期是明天。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue. Major cities like Sydney and Melbourne have some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to the 'intergenerational tension' mentioned in the text as younger people struggle to enter the market.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題。雪梨和墨爾本等大城市的房價與收入比位居世界前列，這導致了文中提到的「代際緊張」，因為年輕一代難以進入房地產市場。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a result or relevance in the present. In this context, it emphasizes the current state of the housing situation resulting from past developments.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，强调其对现在的影响。在此语境中，它强调了过去发展所导致的现状。
The government has implemented new policies to help first-time buyers.
政府已经实施了新政策来帮助首次购房者。
EN： A Noun Clause starting with 'that' functions as the object of the verb 'believes'. It allows the speaker to express an opinion or thought about a complete fact or situation.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词从句作为动词 'believes' 的宾语。它让说话者能针对一个完整的事实或情况表达观点或想法。
I believe that education is the key to success.
我相信教育是成功的关键。
EN： The phrase 'younger generations' in Australia often refers to Millennials and Gen Z, who face significant hurdles in the property market compared to the 'Baby Boomer' generation, leading to the intergenerational tension mentioned in the text.
中文： 在澳洲，「年輕一代」通常指千禧世代和 Z 世代。與「嬰兒潮」一代相比，他們在房地產市場面臨巨大障礙，這導致了文中提到的代際緊張關係。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has a continuing effect or relevance to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述一个始于过去，且对现在仍有持续影响或关联的动作。
The new law has changed the lives of many citizens.
这项新法律已经改变了许多公民的生活。
EN： The preposition 'across' is used to describe something happening throughout a particular area or country.
中文： 介词“across”在此用于描述发生在特定区域或整个国家范围内的事情，意为“横跨”或“遍及”。
The news spread quickly across the city.
这则新闻迅速传遍了整个城市。
EN： The housing crisis in Australia is a significant socio-economic issue, characterized by some of the highest property prices relative to income in the world, leading to increased homelessness and intergenerational wealth gaps.
中文： 澳洲的住房危機是一個重大的社會經濟問題，其特徵是房價相對於收入的比例位居世界前列，這導致了無家可歸者增加以及代際之間的財富差距擴大。
EN： The phrase 'afford to' is followed by an infinitive verb (to + base verb) to indicate having enough money or time to do something. It is frequently used with modal verbs like 'can' or 'cannot'.
中文： “afford to”后面接不定式（to + 动词原形），用来表示有足够的财力或时间去做某事。这个用法经常与助动词“can”或“cannot”连用。
She cannot afford to travel abroad this year.
她今年负担不起出国旅游的费用。
EN： The adverb 'even' is used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising. In this sentence, it highlights that not only is buying a home impossible, but even the typically cheaper option of renting is also out of reach.
中文： 副词“even”用于强调出乎意料或令人惊讶的事物。在本句中，它强调了不仅买房不可能，甚至连通常较便宜的租房选项也负担不起。
He didn't even say goodbye before leaving.
他离开前甚至连再见都没说。
EN： In Australia, the 'Great Australian Dream' traditionally refers to owning a home on a suburban block. However, due to soaring property prices, this dream is becoming increasingly unattainable for many, leading to significant social and political debate about housing affordability.
中文： 在澳洲，「澳洲大夢」（Great Australian Dream）傳統上是指在郊區擁有一套帶土地的房子。然而，由於房價飆升，這個夢想對許多人來說變得越來越遙不可及，進而引發了關於住房負擔能力的重大社會與政治辯論。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true or relevant in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续至今，或与现在仍具相关性的状态。
The local library has become a popular meeting spot for students.
这间当地图书馆已成为学生们受欢迎的聚会场所。
EN： The preposition 'between' is used to show a relationship or comparison involving two distinct groups or entities (older and younger Australians).
中文： 介词“between”用于显示涉及两个不同群体或实体（年长与年轻澳大利亚人）之间的比较或关系。
The gap between the rich and the poor is widening in many countries.
在许多国家，贫富之间的差距正在扩大。
EN： The term 'intergenerational inequality' is a significant topic in Australia, often referring to the wealth gap between 'Baby Boomers' (who benefited from lower house prices) and 'Millennials' or 'Gen Z' who face a much tougher housing market.
中文： 「跨世代不平等」是澳洲的一個重要議題，通常指「戰後嬰兒潮世代」（受益於較低房價的一代）與面臨更嚴峻房地產市場的「千禧世代」或「Z 世代」之間的財富差距。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 危机；极其困难或危险的时刻
在本文中： （价格、数量等）急剧上升的、猛涨的
在本文中： 不平等；不公平
在本文中： 无家可归
在本文中： 千禧一代（约于1981年至1996年间出生的人）
在本文中： 合同；契约
在本文中： 紧张关系；紧张局势
在本文中： （人际关系或系统中的）互动关系、动态
在本文中： 独特地；极其地
在本文中： 灵感；启发
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
A situation where a household spends a large proportion of its income (usually over 30%) on rent.
租金压力
To start living in the same house as someone else.
搬去与……同住
A person born during a period of greatly increased birth rate, especially between 1946 and 1964.
婴儿潮一代
A work agreement that lasts for only a limited period of time.
短期合同
The way in which different people or groups interact and influence each other, especially regarding who has more control.
权力动态