Urban LivingKehidupan Perkotaan
Pratinjau Audio Lengkap
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EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund sebagai Subjek: Gerund (kata kerja + -ing) dapat berfungsi sebagai kata benda dan menjadi subjek kalimat. Secara gramatikal, ia dianggap sebagai kata benda tunggal.
Traveling to different countries broadens your perspective.
Bepergian ke berbagai negara dapat membuka wawasanmu.
EN: Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'has/have + past participle', it describes an action or state that began in the past and continues to the present.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense: Dibentuk dengan 'has/have + past participle', tenses ini menggambarkan tindakan atau keadaan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang.
She has been a teacher for over ten years.
Dia sudah menjadi guru selama lebih dari sepuluh tahun.
EN: The phrase 'career opportunities and cultural experiences' reflects the common Western perception of urban centers as hubs for professional growth and diverse social activities, often contrasted with the perceived quietness of rural life.
EN: The phrase 'comes with' is a phrasal verb meaning to be accompanied by or to include something as a natural consequence.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'comes with' adalah kata kerja frasa yang berarti "disertai dengan" atau "termasuk", merujuk pada sesuatu yang termasuk sebagai hasil alami.
This luxury apartment comes with a private parking space.
Apartemen mewah ini dilengkapi dengan tempat parkir pribadi.
EN: The word 'that' introduces a relative clause (adjective clause) to provide more information about the noun 'challenges'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif (klausa adjektiva) untuk memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata benda 'challenges' (tantangan).
He solved the problems that were bothering the team.
Dia memecahkan masalah-masalah yang selama ini mengganggu tim.
EN: The phrase 'on a daily basis' is a common, slightly more formal way to say 'every day' in English, often used in professional or analytical contexts to describe routines or recurring issues.
EN: The structure 'From A to B' is used to provide a range of examples or to show the scope of a situation. In this sentence, it introduces the specific challenges faced by city dwellers.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'From A to B' digunakan untuk memberikan serangkaian contoh atau menunjukkan rentang situasi. Dalam kalimat ini, ia memperkenalkan tantangan spesifik yang dihadapi oleh penduduk kota.
From local boutiques to international chains, the mall offers a variety of shopping options.
Dari butik lokal hingga rantai internasional, pusat perbelanjaan ini menawarkan berbagai pilihan belanja.
EN: The reflexive structure 'find oneself + V-ing' is used to describe a situation where someone realizes they are in a particular state or doing something, often unexpectedly or as a result of circumstances.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur refleksif 'find oneself + V-ing' digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi di mana seseorang menyadari dirinya berada dalam keadaan tertentu atau sedang melakukan sesuatu, biasanya secara tidak sengaja atau karena keadaan.
After the long meeting, he found himself walking toward the park to clear his head.
Setelah rapat panjang berakhir, dia mendapati dirinya sedang berjalan menuju taman untuk menjernihkan pikiran.
EN: The term 'city dwellers' is a common way to refer to urban residents in sociological and journalistic contexts. The challenges mentioned—rent and transit—are universal issues in major global hubs like New York, London, or Taipei.
EN: Gerunds as Subjects: The word 'Understanding' is a gerund (a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun). It acts as the subject of the sentence, representing an action or concept.
Bahasa Indonesia: Gerund sebagai Subjek: Kata 'Understanding' adalah gerund (kata kerja yang berakhiran -ing dan berfungsi sebagai kata benda). Ia berperan sebagai subjek kalimat, mewakili suatu tindakan atau konsep.
Learning a new language requires patience and practice.
Belajar bahasa baru membutuhkan kesabaran dan latihan.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'Who': The phrase 'who is considering...' is a relative clause that provides more information about the pronoun 'anyone'. It functions like an adjective.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif dengan 'Who': Frasa 'who is considering...' adalah klausa relatif yang digunakan untuk memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata ganti 'anyone'. Fungsinya mirip dengan kata sifat.
The teacher praised the student who finished the project early.
Guru memuji siswa yang menyelesaikan proyek lebih awal.
EN: The term 'metropolitan area' is often used in urban planning and sociology to describe a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories. In many Western countries, moving to a 'metro area' implies seeking better jobs but also accepting higher costs of living.
EN: The structure 'One of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to identify a single item from a group of items that share a specific quality. Note that the verb must be singular because the subject is 'One'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur 'One of the + kata sifat superlatif + kata benda jamak' digunakan untuk memilih satu hal dari sekelompok hal yang memiliki kualitas tertentu. Perhatikan bahwa kata kerja harus tunggal karena subjeknya adalah 'One' (salah satunya).
One of the most popular tourist attractions is the Eiffel Tower.
Salah satu tempat wisata paling populer adalah Menara Eiffel.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate the person or group affected by something or to whom something is relevant.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'for' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan orang atau kelompok yang terpengaruh oleh sesuatu, atau untuk siapa sesuatu itu relevan (bagi...).
Regular exercise is beneficial for elderly people.
Olahraga teratur bermanfaat bagi lansia.
EN: In many Western countries, the 'cost of housing' is a central political and social issue, often referred to as a 'housing crisis' in major cities like London, New York, or Vancouver. This reflects the struggle of the middle class and young professionals to afford living where they work.
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has increased) is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have relevance or an effect in the present, often used with time expressions like 'over the past decade'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has increased) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berdampak hingga sekarang, sering digunakan dengan ekspresi waktu seperti "over the past decade" (selama dekade terakhir).
The cost of living has risen significantly since last year.
Sejak tahun lalu, biaya hidup telah meningkat secara signifikan.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase (making...) acts as a resultative clause, indicating the consequence of the preceding main clause. It functions similarly to 'and this has made...'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa partisipel kini (making...) berfungsi sebagai klausa hasil, menunjukkan konsekuensi dari klausa utama. Fungsinya mirip dengan "and this has made..." (dan ini telah membuat...).
The storm destroyed the bridge, making it impossible to cross the river.
Badai menghancurkan jembatan, membuat penyeberangan sungai menjadi mustahil.
EN: The term 'affordable accommodation' is a common topic in major Western cities like London, New York, and Sydney, where 'gentrification' (the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents) has led to significant social debate.
EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): The structure 'are forced to' indicates that the subjects are not performing the action of forcing, but are being subjected to external pressure (in this case, economic factors).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif (be + past participle): Struktur 'are forced to' menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak secara aktif menekan, tetapi dipaksa oleh faktor eksternal (di sini, faktor ekonomi).
The flight was canceled due to the heavy storm.
Penerbangan dibatalkan karena badai.
EN: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action ('had originally planned') that occurred before another point in the past or before the current situation being discussed.
Bahasa Indonesia: Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan ('had originally planned' - telah direncanakan sebelumnya) yang terjadi sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau sebelum situasi yang sedang dibahas.
She realized she had left her keys at home.
Dia menyadari bahwa dia telah meninggalkan kuncinya di rumah.
EN: In many major Western cities like New York, London, or San Francisco, 'flat-sharing' or 'roommating' is a standard phase of life for young professionals due to extremely high real estate prices, often lasting well into their 30s.
EN: The use of 'spend [amount] on [something]' is a common phrasal pattern where 'on' indicates the category of expenditure. Here, 'nearly half of their monthly income' is the amount, and 'rent' is the object of spending.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan "spend [jumlah] on [sesuatu]" adalah pola frasa umum di mana "on" menunjukkan kategori pengeluaran. Di sini, "nearly half of their monthly income" (hampir setengah dari pendapatan bulanan mereka) adalah jumlahnya, dan "rent" (sewa) adalah objek pengeluarannya.
She spends a lot of money on organic groceries.
Dia menghabiskan banyak uang untuk makanan organik.
EN: The adverb 'alone' is used after a noun to emphasize that only that specific thing is being considered, excluding all others. It highlights the severity or significance of that single factor.
Bahasa Indonesia: Adverbia "alone" digunakan setelah kata benda untuk menekankan bahwa hanya hal spesifik itu yang dipertimbangkan, mengesampingkan semua faktor lainnya. Ini menyoroti keseriusan atau pentingnya faktor tunggal tersebut.
The flight tickets alone cost over a thousand dollars.
Tiket pesawatnya saja sudah menghabiskan lebih dari seribu dolar.
EN: In many major global cities like New York, London, or Hong Kong, the '30% rule' (spending no more than 30% of income on housing) is increasingly difficult to maintain, leading to the social issue of being 'rent burdened.'
EN: The Present Perfect Tense (has pushed) is used to describe an action that started in the past and has a direct impact or result in the present.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has pushed) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan memiliki dampak atau hasil langsung pada masa sekarang.
The recent storm has caused several power outages in the neighborhood.
Badai baru-baru ini telah menyebabkan beberapa kali pemadaman listrik di lingkungan tersebut.
EN: Non-restrictive Relative Clauses (where...) provide extra information about a noun (suburban areas) and are separated by a comma.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif non-restriktif (where...) memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda (pinggiran kota) dan dipisahkan dengan koma.
I visited my hometown, where I spent most of my childhood.
Saya mengunjungi kampung halaman saya, di mana saya menghabiskan sebagian besar masa kecil saya.
EN: In many Western countries, 'suburban areas' are often associated with a higher quality of life for families, offering more space and lower costs compared to the 'urban core.' This trend of moving out of the city is sometimes referred to as 'urban sprawl.'
EN: Relative Clause with 'that': A relative clause provides more information about a noun (the antecedent). Here, 'that affects...' describes the 'major challenge'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif dengan 'that': Klausa relatif memberikan informasi lebih lanjut tentang kata benda (anteseden). Dalam kalimat ini, 'that affects...' mendeskripsikan 'major challenge' (tantangan utama).
She has a job that requires a lot of travel.
Dia memiliki pekerjaan yang mengharuskannya sering bepergian.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement: In the relative clause, the verb 'affects' is singular because it refers back to 'another major challenge', which is a singular noun phrase.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kesesuaian Subjek-Kata Kerja: Dalam klausa relatif, kata kerja 'affects' berbentuk tunggal karena merujuk pada frasa nomina tunggal 'another major challenge'.
The noise that comes from the street is very loud.
Kebisingan dari jalanan sangat keras.
EN: The phrase 'quality of life' is a standard sociological and economic term used in English-speaking countries to discuss the general well-being of individuals and societies, often in the context of urban planning.
EN: The sentence uses a Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) starting with 'that' to provide more information about the noun 'public transit systems'. The clause 'that are often delayed or overcrowded' functions as an adjective to describe the systems.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat ini menggunakan klausa relatif (klausa adjektiva) yang dimulai dengan 'that' untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda 'public transit systems' (sistem transportasi umum). Klausa 'that are often delayed or overcrowded' berfungsi seperti kata sifat, mendeskripsikan kondisi sistem-sistem tersebut.
I prefer restaurants that offer vegetarian options.
Saya lebih memilih restoran yang menyediakan opsi vegetarian.
EN: The phrase 'those who' is a common structure used to refer to people in general who belong to a specific group or share a certain characteristic.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'those who' adalah struktur umum yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada orang-orang secara umum yang termasuk dalam kelompok tertentu atau memiliki karakteristik tertentu, yang berarti "orang-orang yang...".
The course is designed for those who want to improve their coding skills.
Kursus ini dirancang untuk mereka yang ingin meningkatkan keterampilan menulis kode.
EN: In many major Western cities like New York, London, or Paris, the 'daily commute' is a significant part of urban culture. Relying on aging subway systems is a common shared experience that often leads to public frustration and is a frequent topic of small talk.
EN: Present Perfect Tense (has led to): Used to describe an action that started in the past and has a direct result or relevance to the present moment.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Tense (has led to): Digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan memiliki hasil atau kaitan langsung dengan masa sekarang.
The heavy rain has led to several floods in the valley.
Hujan deras ini telah menyebabkan beberapa kali banjir di lembah.
EN: Participle Phrase (leaving...): The present participle (-ing) is used here to express a result or consequence of the main clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa partisipel (leaving...): Partisipel kini (-ing) digunakan di sini untuk mengekspresikan hasil atau konsekuensi dari klausa utama.
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
Badai melanda kota, menyebabkan pemadaman listrik besar-besaran.
EN: In many Western metropolitan areas like New York or London, 'aging infrastructure' is a common political and social topic, referring to subway systems and bridges built over a century ago that struggle to meet modern demands.
EN: The use of 'instead' as an adverb: It is often placed at the end of a clause to indicate that one action is chosen as a substitute for another mentioned previously.
Bahasa Indonesia: Penggunaan 'instead' sebagai adverbia: Biasanya ditempatkan di akhir klausa untuk menunjukkan pilihan suatu tindakan sebagai pengganti tindakan lain yang disebutkan sebelumnya (di sini, menggantikan menggunakan transportasi umum).
The bus was too crowded, so I decided to walk instead.
Busnya terlalu penuh, jadi saya memutuskan untuk berjalan kaki sebagai gantinya.
EN: Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that traffic congestion... stressful situations') which functions as the direct object of the verb 'discover'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Nomina sebagai Objek: Kata 'that' memperkenalkan klausa nomina ('that traffic c...' hingga 'situations'), yang berperan sebagai objek langsung dari kata kerja 'discover'.
Scientists discover that climate change affects bird migration.
Para ilmuwan menemukan bahwa perubahan iklim mempengaruhi migrasi burung.
EN: In many large North American and European cities, the debate between using public transit versus driving is a common social issue. While driving offers personal space, the high cost of parking and 'congestion pricing' (fees for driving in busy areas) are deliberate urban planning strategies to encourage public transport use.
EN: The 'Present Perfect Continuous' tense (has been + -ing) is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, emphasizing the duration or ongoing nature of the process.
Bahasa Indonesia: Tense "Present Perfect Continuous" (has been + -ing) digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, menekankan durasi atau lamanya proses tersebut.
She has been working on this project since early morning.
Dia telah mengerjakan proyek ini sejak pagi.
EN: The phrase 'As a result' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce a logical consequence or effect of a previously mentioned situation.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa "As a result" adalah konjungsi adverbia yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan konsekuensi logis atau dampak dari situasi yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya.
The flight was cancelled; as a result, we stayed at a hotel.
Penerbangan dibatalkan; akibatnya, kami menginap di sebuah hotel.
EN: In many Western metropolitan areas, 'commute time' is a major factor in quality of life discussions. The shift toward remote work in recent years has started to challenge the trend mentioned in this sentence, though urban congestion remains a significant issue.
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It must be followed by a noun, noun phrase, or gerund (-ing form), never a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'Despite' (meskipun) digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kontras. Setelahnya harus diikuti oleh kata benda, frasa kata benda, atau gerund, dan tidak boleh langsung diikuti oleh klausa lengkap yang memiliki subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, the football match continued.
Meskipun hujan deras, pertandingan sepak bola tetap dilanjutkan.
EN: The verb 'continue' can be followed by either a to-infinitive (to choose) or a gerund (choosing) with very little difference in meaning, indicating an ongoing action.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'continue' (melanjutkan) dapat diikuti oleh to-infinitive (to choose) atau gerund (choosing), dan perbedaan maknanya tidak signifikan; keduanya menunjukkan kelanjutan suatu tindakan.
She continued to work even after everyone had left.
Dia terus bekerja bahkan setelah semua orang pergi.
EN: Parallel Structure: When listing multiple items (A, B, and C), they should follow the same grammatical form. Here, three noun phrases are used: 'diverse cultural experiences', 'better access to healthcare', and 'a wider range of employment opportunities'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Struktur Paralel: Saat mendaftar beberapa item (A, B, dan C), item-item tersebut harus mengikuti bentuk gramatikal yang sama. Dalam kalimat ini, digunakan tiga frasa kata benda: 'diverse cultural experiences', 'better access to healthcare', dan 'a wider range of employment opportunities'.
The hotel provides free breakfast, high-speed internet, and a fitness center.
Hotel ini menawarkan sarapan gratis, internet berkecepatan tinggi, dan pusat kebugaran.
EN: Comparative Adjectives: Words like 'better' and 'wider' are comparative forms of 'good' and 'wide', used to imply an improvement or increase compared to other environments (like rural areas).
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata Sifat Komparatif: Kata-kata seperti 'better' dan 'wider' adalah bentuk komparatif dari 'good' dan 'wide', yang digunakan untuk menyiratkan peningkatan atau penambahan dibandingkan dengan lingkungan lain (seperti daerah pedesaan).
This new model offers a faster processor and a larger screen.
Model baru ini menawarkan prosesor yang lebih cepat dan layar yang lebih besar.
EN: In many Western countries, the concentration of specialized medical facilities and diverse job markets in urban centers is a primary driver for internal migration, despite the higher cost of living.
EN: Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has been + V-ing): This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and has continued up to the present moment, often emphasizing the ongoing nature of the activity.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has been + V-ing): Tense ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, biasanya menekankan kelangsungan atau kesinambungan aktivitas tersebut.
The company has been developing new software for several months.
Perusahaan ini telah mengembangkan perangkat lunak baru selama beberapa bulan.
EN: Participles as Adjectives: Past participles like 'expanded' and 'modernized' are used here as adjectives to describe the state of the nouns 'lanes' and 'systems'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Partisipel sebagai Kata Sifat: Partisipel lampau seperti 'expanded' (diperluas) dan 'modernized' (dimodernisasi) di sini digunakan sebagai kata sifat untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan kata benda 'lanes' (jalur) dan 'systems' (sistem).
The renovated building now houses a modern art gallery.
Bangunan yang telah direnovasi ini sekarang memiliki galeri seni modern.
EN: The sentence reflects a global trend in urban planning where major cities are shifting focus from car-centric designs to sustainable transportation like cycling and efficient public transit to combat congestion and pollution.
EN: Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The phrase 'that were once considered undesirable' is a relative clause starting with 'that'. It functions as an adjective to modify the noun 'neighborhoods'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif (Klausa Adjektiva): 'that were once considered undesirable' adalah klausa relatif yang dimulai dengan 'that', berfungsi seperti kata sifat untuk memodifikasi kata benda 'neighborhoods' (lingkungan).
The books that were left on the table belong to the library.
Buku-buku yang tertinggal di meja adalah milik perpustakaan.
EN: Present Perfect Passive Voice: 'Have been transformed' uses the present perfect tense (have + been + past participle) in the passive voice to show that an action started in the past and has been completed, focusing on the result of the change.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kalimat Pasif Present Perfect: 'Have been transformed' menggunakan kalimat pasif present perfect (have + been + past participle) untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan telah dimulai dan selesai di masa lalu, dengan fokus pada hasil perubahannya.
The old factory has been transformed into a modern art gallery.
Pabrik tua ini telah diubah menjadi museum seni modern.
EN: The term 'urban planning' refers to the technical and political process concerned with the development and design of land use in an urban environment. In many Western cities, this often involves 'gentrification,' where older, lower-income neighborhoods are revitalized, sometimes leading to the displacement of original residents.
EN: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that will be completed by a specific point in the future. In this sentence, 'will have improved' indicates the improvement happens before 'the end of this decade'.
Bahasa Indonesia: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): Tense ini digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa depan. Dalam kalimat ini, "will have improved" menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan akan terjadi sebelum "akhir dekade ini".
By the time you arrive, I will have finished the report.
Saat kamu tiba, aku sudah akan menyelesaikan laporannya.
EN: Concessive Inserted Clause (although + adjective): The phrase 'although challenging' is a reduced clause acting as a concession. It provides contrasting information about 'city life' without needing a full subject-verb structure (it's short for 'although it is challenging').
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Sisipan Konsesif (although + adjective): Frasa "although challenging" adalah klausa yang disederhanakan, digunakan sebagai bentuk konsesi. Ini memberikan informasi kontrastif tentang "kehidupan perkotaan" tanpa memerlukan struktur subjek-verba yang lengkap (ini adalah kependekan dari although it is challenging).
The task, although difficult, was eventually completed.
Tugas ini, meskipun sulit, akhirnya tetap diselesaikan.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both A and B' is used to emphasize that two features or qualities are present at the same time. It connects two grammatically parallel elements (in this case, two noun phrases).
Bahasa Indonesia: Konjungsi korelatif 'both A and B' digunakan untuk menekankan bahwa dua fitur atau kualitas ada secara bersamaan. Ini menghubungkan dua elemen dengan struktur gramatikal yang paralel (di sini, dua frasa nomina).
The project was both time-consuming and expensive.
Proyek ini memakan waktu dan mahal.
EN: The present simple tense is used here to state a general truth or a permanent situation regarding urban living.
Bahasa Indonesia: Present simple tense digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum atau situasi permanen tentang kehidupan perkotaan.
The sun rises in the east.
Matahari terbit dari timur.
EN: The phrase 'In conclusion' is a standard formal transition used in academic and professional writing to signal the final summary of an argument. It is less common in casual conversation, where people might say 'So' or 'Basically'.
EN: Compound Subject: When multiple noun phrases (the high cost of rent, long commute times, and strained infrastructure) are joined by 'and', they form a plural compound subject, requiring a plural verb ('are').
Bahasa Indonesia: Subjek Majemuk: Ketika beberapa frasa nomina (biaya sewa yang tinggi, perjalanan pulang-pergi yang lama, infrastruktur yang tegang) dihubungkan dengan 'and', mereka membentuk subjek majemuk jamak, sehingga kata kerja harus menggunakan bentuk jamak (are).
Exercise and a balanced diet are essential for health.
Olahraga dan pola makan seimbang sangat penting untuk kesehatan.
EN: Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The word 'that' introduces a relative clause 'that require ongoing attention...' which modifies the noun 'issues', providing more specific information about what kind of issues they are.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Relatif (Klausa Adjektiva): Kata 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif 'that require ongoing attention...' yang memodifikasi kata benda 'issues' (masalah), memberikan informasi spesifik tentang sifat masalah-masalah tersebut.
The project needs a leader that understands the local market.
Proyek ini membutuhkan seorang pemimpin yang memahami pasar lokal.
EN: In many Western metropolitan areas, 'strained infrastructure' often refers to aging subway systems or roads that cannot keep up with rapid population growth, a common political and social debate topic.
EN: The preposition 'with' is used here to indicate the means or instrument by which something is achieved. It introduces the conditions (investment and engagement) that enable the change.
Bahasa Indonesia: Preposisi 'with' di sini digunakan untuk menunjukkan cara atau sarana untuk mencapai sesuatu. Ini memperkenalkan kondisi yang memungkinkan perubahan terjadi (investasi dan partisipasi).
With hard work and dedication, you can achieve your goals.
Dengan usaha dan dedikasi, kamu dapat mencapai tujuanmu.
EN: The modal verb 'can' expresses possibility or potential. In this context, it suggests that the transformation of cities into livable places is a realistic outcome of the mentioned actions.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja bantu 'can' menyatakan kemungkinan atau potensi. Dalam konteks ini, ini menunjukkan bahwa transformasi kota menjadi tempat yang layak huni adalah hasil yang mungkin terjadi setelah tindakan-tindakan tersebut.
Technology can improve our daily lives in many ways.
Teknologi dapat meningkatkan kehidupan sehari-hari kita dalam banyak hal.
EN: The term 'community engagement' is a key concept in modern Western urban planning and democratic governance. It emphasizes that city improvements should not just come from the top down (government), but should involve active participation and feedback from the people who live there.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'Those who': This structure is used to define or identify a specific group of people. 'Those' acts as the plural pronoun, and 'who' introduces the relative clause that describes them.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa relatif dengan 'Those who': Struktur ini digunakan untuk mendefinisikan atau mengidentifikasi sekelompok orang tertentu. 'Those' berfungsi sebagai kata ganti jamak, dan 'who' memperkenalkan klausa relatif yang mendeskripsikan kelompok orang tersebut.
Those who work hard will eventually succeed.
Mereka yang bekerja keras pada akhirnya akan sukses.
EN: The verb 'outweigh': This is a transitive verb used to indicate that one thing is greater in importance, weight, or value than another. It is commonly used when comparing pros and cons.
Bahasa Indonesia: Kata kerja 'outweigh' (melebihi/lebih berat): Ini adalah kata kerja transitif yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu hal lebih penting, lebih berat, atau lebih bernilai daripada hal lain. Sering digunakan untuk membandingkan kelebihan dan kekurangan.
The benefits of regular exercise outweigh the time investment.
Manfaat olahraga teratur melebihi investasi waktu yang dikeluarkan.
EN: The phrase 'outweigh the drawbacks' is a common idiomatic expression in English used in formal discussions, debates, and academic writing to present a balanced view while leaning towards a positive conclusion.
EN: The phrase 'depends on' is a phrasal verb used to indicate that something is determined or influenced by something else. It is followed by a noun or a noun clause.
Bahasa Indonesia: Frasa 'depends on' adalah kata kerja frasa yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu ditentukan oleh atau dipengaruhi oleh hal lain. Ia diikuti oleh kata benda atau klausa nomina.
Success depends on how much effort you put into your work.
Kesuksesan bergantung pada seberapa banyak usaha yang kamu investasikan dalam pekerjaanmu.
EN: Noun Clauses with 'how': The structure 'how willing one is' acts as a noun clause serving as the object of the preposition 'on'. It follows the word order: how + adjective + subject + verb.
Bahasa Indonesia: Klausa Nomina dengan 'how': Struktur 'how willing one is' berfungsi sebagai objek dari preposisi 'on'. Ia mengikuti urutan kata: how + kata sifat + subjek + kata kerja.
I am surprised by how expensive the tickets are.
Saya terkejut bahwa harga tiketnya begitu mahal.
EN: The use of 'one' as a pronoun is formal and common in academic or professional writing to refer to people in general, rather than using the more informal 'you'.
Kosakata utama dengan pengucapan IPA, definisi, contoh kalimat, dan kuis interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Metropolitan; mencakup area kota dan pinggiran sekitarnya.
Dalam konteks: Kompromi, konsesi; pilihan yang diambil ketika sulit untuk mendapatkan semuanya secara bersamaan.
Dalam konteks: Tempat tinggal, hunian.
Dalam konteks: Infrastruktur (seperti sistem transportasi, air, listrik, dan komunikasi).
Dalam konteks: Kemacetan (lalu lintas).
Dalam konteks: Tidak dapat disangkal, pasti benar.
Dalam konteks: Penuh semangat, hidup dan dinamis.
Dalam konteks: Terbebani, tegang, tidak mampu menampung beban.
Dalam konteks: Melebihi (dalam hal berat, nilai, atau kepentingan).
Dalam konteks: Penduduk, penghuni.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, catatan penggunaan, dan contoh kalimat.
To be more important or significant than the negative aspects.
Keuntungan melebihi kerugian
The technical and political process concerned with the development and design of land use and the built environment.
Perencanaan kota
The general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.
Kualitas hidup
The regular journey of some distance to and from one's place of work or study.
Perjalanan harian
To force or strongly encourage someone to do something.
Memaksa seseorang untuk...
To manage, deal with, or find one's way through a complex or difficult situation.
Menghadapi atau menangani situasi yang rumit
Basic physical and organizational structures (like transport or water) that are under too much pressure and cannot function properly.
Infrastruktur yang terbebani secara berlebihan
The process of working collaboratively with groups of people to address issues affecting their well-being.
Keterlibatan masyarakat