EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate that two things are happening at the same time, often showing a cause-and-effect relationship where one event triggers another.
中文： 連接詞「as」在此處用於表示兩件事同時發生，通常顯示出一種因果關係，即一個事件引發了另一個事件（隨著...）。
The crowd cheered as the players entered the field.
隨著球員進入球場，群眾歡呼了起來。
EN： Adverbs of manner, like 'sharply', are used to describe how an action is performed. 'Sharply' indicates a sudden and significant change.
中文： 情狀副詞（如「sharply」）用於描述動作進行的方式。「sharply」表示突然且顯著的變化（大幅地、劇烈地）。
The temperature rose sharply in the afternoon.
下午氣溫大幅上升。
EN： The relationship between the United States and Iran is a major geopolitical factor influencing global oil prices. The Strait of Hormuz, mentioned in the context, is one of the world's most important oil transit chokepoints, which is why any potential 'deal' or 'conflict' between these two nations causes immediate reactions in the energy markets.
中文： 美國與伊朗之間的關係是影響全球油價的主要地緣政治因素。背景中提到的荷姆茲海峽是世界上最重要的石油運輸咽喉要道之一，這就是為什麼這兩國之間任何潛在的「協議」或「衝突」都會引起能源市場的立即反應。
EN： Present Continuous Tense (be + V-ing): Used here to describe a current trend or an action happening around the present moment.
中文： 現在進行式 (be + V-ing)：此處用於描述目前的趨勢或正在發生的動作。
The stock market is rising due to positive news.
由於利多消息，股市正在上漲。
EN： The preposition 'since' with a specific point in time: Used to indicate the starting point of a period that continues up to the present.
中文： 介係詞 'since' 接特定時間點：用於表示從過去某個時間點開始，一直持續到現在的期間。
He has been working here since 2015.
他自 2015 年以來就一直在這裡工作。
EN： The year 2020 is a significant reference point in global economics because the COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented fluctuations in oil prices, including a period where prices briefly turned negative.
中文： 2020 年是全球經濟的一個重要參考點，因為 COVID-19 疫情導致油價出現前所未有的波動，甚至一度出現負油價的情況。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses: These provide extra information about a noun using 'which' or 'who' and are separated by commas. They are not essential to the sentence's core meaning.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：使用 'which' 或 'who' 來提供關於名詞的額外資訊，並以逗號隔開。這類子句對於句子的核心意義並非必要，僅作補充說明。
The company, which was founded in 1990, is now a market leader.
這間公司（成立於 1990 年）現在是市場領導者。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'has/have + past participle', it describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has relevance now, often used with 'since'.
中文： 現在完成式：由「has/have + 過去分詞」構成，描述從過去開始並持續到現在，或與現在仍有相關的動作，常與 'since'（自從）連用。
The stock market has risen significantly since the beginning of the year.
自今年年初以來，股市已大幅上漲。
EN： Brent crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. It is sourced from the North Sea.
中文： 布蘭特原油是一種主要的輕質甜味原油交易分類，是全球石油採購的主要基準價格。它主要產自北海。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'which' is used after a comma to provide extra information about the preceding clause or noun phrase. In this sentence, it describes the price movement of the oil mentioned earlier.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：在逗號後使用 'which' 來對前面的子句或名詞短語提供額外的補充說明。在本句中，它描述了前述石油價格的變動情況。
The company's stock rose by 5%, which was a surprise to many investors.
該公司的股票上漲了 5%，這對許多投資者來說是個驚喜。
EN： Preposition 'at' for Price/Rate: The preposition 'at' is commonly used to indicate a specific price, rate, or level at which something is bought, sold, or trading.
中文： 介系詞 'at' 表示價格或比率：介系詞 'at' 常用於表示某物買賣或交易時的特定價格、比率或水平。
The gold was sold at 2,000 dollars per ounce.
黃金以每盎司 2,000 美元的價格售出。
EN： Brent crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. The price per barrel is a key economic indicator often discussed in global news.
中文： 布蘭特原油是一種主要的輕質甜味原油貿易分類，是全球石油採購的主要基準價格。每桶價格是全球新聞中經常討論的重要經濟指標。
EN： The Present Participle as an Adjective: The word 'growing' is a present participle (verb + -ing) used as an adjective to describe the noun 'hope'. It indicates a continuous or increasing state.
中文： 現在分詞當形容詞：單字 'growing' 是現在分詞（動詞 + -ing），在此作為形容詞修飾名詞 'hope'（希望），表示一種持續進行或不斷增長的狀態。
There is a growing demand for electric cars.
對電動汽車的需求正在日益增長。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers: The sentence uses several prepositional phrases ('for this drop', 'for a peace deal', 'between the United States and Iran') to provide specific details about the nouns they follow.
中文： 介係詞片語作為修飾語：本句使用了多個介係詞片語（如 'for this drop'、'for a peace deal' 等）來為其前方的名詞提供具體細節。
The key to success is hard work.
成功的關鍵是努力工作。
EN： The relationship between the United States and Iran has been a significant factor in global oil market stability for decades. Diplomatic developments between these two nations often lead to immediate fluctuations in energy prices due to Iran's strategic location near the Strait of Hormuz.
中文： 數十年來，美國與伊朗之間的關係一直是全球石油市場穩定的重要因素。由於伊朗鄰近荷姆茲海峽的戰略位置，這兩國之間的外交進展往往會導致能源價格的即時波動。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present (has lasted) or has a result in the present (has caused).
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在的動作（has lasted），或是對現在產生影響的結果（has caused）。
The rain has lasted for three hours.
這場雨已經持續了三個小時。
EN： The phrase 'cause problems for' is a common collocation used to indicate the target or entity that is negatively affected by a specific issue.
中文： 短語「cause problems for」是一個常見的搭配詞，用於指出受特定問題負面影響的對象或實體。
The technical glitch caused problems for the users.
技術故障給用戶帶來了問題。
EN： The mention of the 90-day conflict refers to the geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, specifically involving Iran and the Strait of Hormuz, which is a critical chokepoint for global oil supply. Any instability here historically leads to immediate fluctuations in global energy prices.
中文： 文中提到的 90 天衝突是指中東的地緣政治緊張局勢，特別是涉及伊朗和荷姆茲海峽，該海峽是全球石油供應的關鍵咽喉要道。歷史上，此處的任何不穩定都會立即導致全球能源價格的波動。
EN： The structure 'by + -ing' (gerund) is used to describe the method or means by which an action is performed.
中文： 「by + 動名詞 (-ing)」的結構用於描述執行某個動作的方法或手段。
She improved her English by watching movies.
她透過看電影來增進她的英文。
EN： Non-restrictive relative clauses start with 'which' and provide extra information about a noun. They are always separated by a comma.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句以「which」開頭，提供關於名詞的額外資訊。這類子句前面通常會加上逗號與主句隔開。
He lives in Paris, which is the capital of France.
他住在巴黎，那是法國的首都。
EN： The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important choke points for oil. About a fifth of the world's total oil consumption passes through this narrow waterway between the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
中文： 荷姆茲海峽是全球最具戰略意義的石油運輸咽喉點之一。全球約五分之一的石油消費量會經過這條位於波斯灣與阿曼灣之間的狹窄水道。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the action is more important than the person or thing performing it. In this sentence, 'was closed' and 'were blocked' focus on the state of the strait and the exports.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當動作本身比執行動作的人或物更重要時。在本句中，「was closed」（被關閉）和「were blocked」（被封鎖）強調了海峽和出口物資的狀態。
The road was blocked by fallen trees after the storm.
暴風雨過後，道路被倒下的樹木封鎖了。
EN： The conjunction 'Because' introduces a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the main event (the blocking of oil) occurred.
中文： 從屬連接詞「Because」（因為）引導原因從句，用來解釋主要事件（石油被封鎖）發生的原因。
Because the flight was delayed, we missed the meeting.
因為航班延誤，我們錯過了會議。
EN： The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important choke points for oil. Located between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, it is the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean, making it vital for global energy security.
中文： 荷姆茲海峽是全球最具戰略意義的石油運輸咽喉要道之一。它位於波斯灣與阿曼灣之間，是從波斯灣進入公海的唯一海上通道，因此對全球能源安全至關重要。
EN： The phrase 'According to' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate the source of information. It is followed by a noun or a noun phrase.
中文： 短語「According to」是一個介系詞短語，用於表示資訊的來源，後面接名詞或名詞短語。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根據天氣預報，明天會下雨。
EN： The Past Simple tense (shared) is used to describe a completed action that happened at a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式（shared）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作。
The manager shared the new plan with the team yesterday.
經理昨天與團隊分享了新計畫。
EN： In diplomatic contexts, a 'draft' refers to a preliminary version of a document that is not yet final. Sharing such documents with 'allies' is a standard procedure to ensure mutual support before official negotiations.
中文： 在外交語境中，「草案」(draft) 指的是尚未定案的初步文件版本。與「盟友」(allies) 分享此類文件是正式談判前的標準程序，以確保獲得彼此的支持。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. Here, the 'reaching of a deal' happened before the 'reporting'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作之前就已經完成的動作。在此句中，「達成協議」發生在「報導」之前。
The company had already signed the contract before the news was released.
在消息發布之前，公司就已經簽署了合約。
EN： The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause (object) following the reporting verb 'reported', providing the specific content of what was reported.
中文： 由 'that' 引導的從句作為名詞子句（受詞），接在報導動詞 'reported' 之後，用來提供報導的具體內容。
She reported that the project was finished on time.
她報導稱該專案已準時完成。
EN： Axios is a prominent American news website known for its 'Smart Brevity' style, focusing on concise reporting of politics and business. The mention of '60 days' is a common timeframe in diplomatic negotiations for temporary cooling-off periods.
中文： Axios 是一家著名的美國新聞網站，以其「精簡聰明」(Smart Brevity) 的風格著稱，專注於政治和商業的簡明報導。文中提到的「60 天」是外交談判中常見的臨時冷靜期時間框架。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'not yet' to describe an action that was expected to happen but has not occurred up to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此處與「not yet」（尚未）連用，用來描述一個預期會發生，但直到目前為止還沒有發生的動作。
The manager has not yet signed the contract.
經理尚未簽署合約。
EN： The phrasal verb 'agree to' is used when someone gives their consent or accepts a formal proposal, plan, or set of terms.
中文： 片語動詞「agree to」用於某人表示同意或接受正式的提議、計劃或一組條款。
They finally agreed to the new rules.
他們最終同意了新規則。
EN： In international diplomacy and business, 'terms' refers to the specific conditions or points of an agreement. The phrase 'not yet' is often used in news reporting to indicate that while a deal is close, it remains unconfirmed, maintaining a sense of ongoing negotiation.
中文： 在國際外交與商業中，「terms」指的是協議的具體條件或條款。新聞報導中常使用「not yet」（尚未）來表示雖然協議接近達成，但仍未最終確認，保留了談判仍在進行中的語境。
EN： Reported speech with 'that' clause: This structure is used to report what someone said. The verb 'said' is followed by a 'that' clause which functions as the object of the sentence.
中文： 使用 'that' 子句的間接引語：此結構用於轉述某人的話。動詞 'said' 後面接一個 'that' 子句，該子句在句子中充當受詞。
The manager said that the meeting was canceled.
經理說會議取消了。
EN： Adverbs of time 'yet' and 'already': 'Yet' is used in negative statements to indicate that something expected has not happened up to the present time.
中文： 時間副詞 'yet' 與 'already'：'Yet' 用於否定句中，表示預期的事情直到現在尚未發生。
I haven't finished my homework yet.
我還沒完成我的作業。
EN： In U.S. politics, the Vice President often acts as a key spokesperson for the administration's foreign policy. The phrase 'not there yet' is a common idiomatic expression in American English used in negotiations to indicate that while progress has been made, a final agreement hasn't been reached.
中文： 在美國政治中，副總統經常擔任政府外交政策的關鍵發言人。短語 'not there yet' 是美式英語談判中常用的慣用語，表示雖然取得了進展，但尚未達成最終協議。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened in the past but has a direct connection or result in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）用於描述過去發生但與現在有直接關聯或結果的動作。
The recent news has had a major impact on our plans.
最近的新聞對我們的計劃產生了重大影響。
EN： The phrase 'have an effect on' is a common collocation used to describe how one thing influences another. 'Effect' is a noun, while 'affect' is usually the verb form.
中文： 短語「have an effect on」是一個常見的搭配，用於描述一件事物如何影響另一件事物。注意「effect」是名詞，而「affect」通常是動詞形式。
Regular exercise has a positive effect on your health.
規律運動對你的健康有積極的影響。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to explain or identify it. In this sentence, 'an analyst at Deutsche Bank' identifies who 'Henry Allen' is.
中文： 同位語（Appositives）是緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞或名詞短語，用於解釋或識別該名詞。在本句中，「an analyst at Deutsche Bank」識別了「亨利·艾倫」的身分。
Mr. Smith, my high school teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的高中老師，人非常親切。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used here within a reported speech structure to describe a situation that was ongoing at the time of the statement.
中文： 過去進行式（was/were + 現在分詞）在此處用於間接引語結構中，描述在說話當時正在持續發生的情況。
She said that the children were playing in the garden.
她說孩子們那時正在花園裡玩耍。
EN： Deutsche Bank is a major German multinational investment bank. In financial news, analysts from such institutions are frequently quoted to provide expert perspective on market trends.
中文： 德意志銀行（Deutsche Bank）是一家主要的德國跨國投資銀行。在財經新聞中，經常會引用這類機構分析師的言論，以提供對市場趨勢的專家觀點。
EN： The sentence uses a 'that-clause' as a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'explained'. This structure is used to report what someone said or thought.
中文： 本句使用 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為動詞 'explained'（解釋）的直接受詞。這種結構常用於轉述某人的話語或想法。
She mentioned that the meeting was canceled.
她提到會議已經取消了。
EN： The present continuous tense ('are feeling') is used here to describe a current state or a developing trend in the investors' sentiment.
中文： 現在進行式（'are feeling'）在此處用來描述投資者情緒的現狀或正在發展的趨勢。
Consumers are feeling more optimistic about the holiday season.
消費者對節日期間感到更加樂觀。
EN： The phrase 'As a result' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a consequence or effect of something previously mentioned.
中文： 「As a result」是一個轉折副詞短語，用於引出前面所提內容的結果或影響，相當於中文的「因此」或「結果」。
He studied hard; as a result, he passed the exam.
他努力學習；因此，他通過了考試。
EN： The 'There has been' structure is the present perfect form of 'There is/are', used to indicate that something has existed or occurred from a point in the past up to the present.
中文： 「There has been」結構是「There is/are」的現在完成式，用於表示某事從過去某個時間點到現在為止已經存在或發生過。
There has been a lot of rain this week.
這週一直下很多雨。
EN： In financial contexts, a 'rally' refers to a period of sustained increases in the prices of stocks, bonds, or related indexes. This term is often used to describe a recovery after a period of decline or stagnation.
中文： 在金融語境中，「rally」（反彈/回升）是指股票、債券或相關指數價格持續上漲的時期。這個詞通常用來描述在一段下跌或停滯期後的市場復甦。
EN： Present Perfect Passive Voice: Formed by 'has/have + been + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has just been completed, where the subject receives the action.
中文： 現在完成式的被動語態：由「has/have + been + 過去分詞」構成。用於描述從過去開始持續到現在，或剛剛完成的動作，且主詞是動作的承受者。
The new policy has been used to improve efficiency.
這項新政策一直被用來提高效率。
EN： Linking Verb 'Seem': Used to describe an impression or appearance. It is often followed by an adjective (like 'smaller') to describe the state of the subject.
中文： 連綴動詞「seem」：用於描述印象或外觀。後面通常接形容詞（如「smaller」）來描述主詞的狀態。
The problem seems simple but is actually complex.
這個問題看起來簡單，但實際上很複雜。
EN： 'Stagflation' is a portmanteau of 'stagnation' and 'inflation'. It describes a rare and difficult economic situation where economic growth is stagnant (slow) while inflation (rising prices) is high, which traditionally shouldn't happen at the same time.
中文： 「Stagflation」（滯脹）是「stagnation」（停滯）和「inflation」（通貨膨脹）的合成詞。它描述了一種罕見且困難的經濟狀況：經濟增長停滯（緩慢）的同時，通貨膨脹（物價上漲）卻很高，這在傳統經濟理論中通常不會同時發生。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 劇烈地、大幅度地
在本文中： 標準、基準
在本文中： 衝突、鬥爭
在本文中： 暫定的、初步的
在本文中： 停火、停戰協議
在本文中： 樂觀、樂觀主義
在本文中： （價格或市場的）回升、反彈
在本文中： 滯脹（經濟停滯與通膨並存）
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide.
布蘭特原油
A regular practical route taken by ships on the ocean or large lakes.
航線、航道
A stock exchange where shares of publicly held companies are issued and traded.
股票市場、股市
A feeling of hope or confidence that is gradually increasing.
日益增長的樂觀情緒